Heart

Question 1

Name the 2 types of circulation

Answer 1

Pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation

Question 2

What is Pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 3

What is Systemic circulation?

Answer 3

The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 4

Name the progression of oxegen transfer through the blood vessels.

Answer 4

Arteries - Aterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins

Question 5

How much does the heart weigh in males and females?

Answer 5

250g in females

300g in males

Question 6

Name the layers of the Pericardium

Answer 6

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

Question 7

How many layers does the Serous pericardium have?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

Name the layers of the Serous percardium

Answer 8

Parietal layer (Outer layer)
Visceral layer (Inner layer)

Question 9

Name the layers of the heart wall and pericardium in order (Start with Innermost layer)

Answer 9

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (or viceral layer)
Serous fluid
Parietal layer
Fibrous pericardium

Question 10

How many ml of pericardial serous fluid lies between the Parietal layer and Viceral layer?

Answer 10

20ml

Question 11

Does the viceral layer also form part of the heart wall?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What 4 functions does the pericardium have?

Answer 12

1. Prevents over-distension (i.e. over filling of the chambers)
2. Anchors the heart in place
3. Protection from infection
4. Lubrication

Question 13

What’s the name of the mussle which seperates the heart into TWO halves?

Answer 13

Septum

Question 14

What’s the septum made out of?

Answer 14

Myocardium and a lining of endothelium

Question 15

Where are papillary muscles found and what’s there role?

Answer 15

Found in the heart

When the muscles contract they stop the artioventricular valves opening by tightening the chordae tendinae.

Question 16

How many pulmonary veins are there in total?

Answer 16

4 (2 to each lung)

Question 17

How do valves within the heart open?

Answer 17

Increased pressure of blood

Question 18

What does the chordae tendinae do?

Answer 18

Stop the valve from opening upwards into the atrium

Question 19

What’s the name of the hearts own blood circulation system?

Answer 19

Coronary circulation

Question 20

What percentage of blood does the heart recieve?

Answer 20

Receive about 5% of the blood from the heart

Question 21

Name the coronary branches on the left side of the heart

Answer 21

Left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Left marginal artery
left anterior descending artery
Diagonal arteries

Question 22

Name the coronary branches on the right side of the heart

Answer 22

Right coronary artery

Right marginal artery

Question 23

What artery supplies the left and right ventricle?

Answer 23

Left anterior descending artery

Question 24

What artery supplies blood to the left atrium and left ventricle?

Answer 24

Circumflex artery

Question 25

What artery supplies blood to the right atrium?

Answer 25

Right coronary artery

Question 26

What artery supplies blood to the right ventricle?

Answer 26

Right marginal artery

Question 27

Where does the majority of the coronary veins drain into?

Answer 27

Coronary sinus

Question 28

Where is the coronary sinus located?

Answer 28

Posterior surface of the right atrium

Question 29

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 29

A very thin walled vein which empties deoxegenated blood from around the heart back into the right atrium

Question 30

What initiates electrical impulses which cause coordinated contractions of the heart?

Answer 30

A small bundle of specialised neuromuscular cells in the myocardium

Question 31

Where is the Sinoatrial node (SA node) located?

Answer 31

Right atrium

Question 32

What does the sinoatrial node (SA node) do?

Answer 32

Generates electrical impulses and sets the rhythm of the heart beat

Question 33

Where is the Atrioventricular node (AV node) located?

Answer 33

Located in the wall of the atrial septum

Question 34

How is an electrical impulse discharged?

Answer 34

Fibres in the myocardium are electrically unstable and constantly depolarise and repolarise. When they depolarise they discharge an electrical impulse.

Question 35

What's the network of specialised cardiac muscle fibres found in the myocardium called?

Answer 35

Autorhythmic fibres

Question 36

Do Autorhythmic fibres require a nervous system stimulation pulse to trigger contraction of the heart?

Answer 36

No Autorhythmic fibres are self-excitable

Question 37

Describe the route of conduction through the heart

Answer 37

Sino Atrial node - (0.1s later) Atrioventricular node - Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His) - Divides into right and left branch down the ventricular septum - Purkinje fibres - continues along the walls of the ventricles.