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Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 types of circulation

A

Pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation

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2
Q

What is Pulmonary circulation?

A

The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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3
Q

What is Systemic circulation?

A

The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body

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4
Q

Name the progression of oxegen transfer through the blood vessels.

A

Arteries - Aterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins

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5
Q

How much does the heart weigh in males and females?

A

250g in females

300g in males

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6
Q

Name the layers of the Pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

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7
Q

How many layers does the Serous pericardium have?

A

2

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8
Q

Name the layers of the Serous percardium

A 
Parietal layer (Outer layer)
Visceral layer (Inner layer)
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9
Q

Name the layers of the heart wall and pericardium in order (Start with Innermost layer)

A 
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (or viceral layer)
Serous fluid
Parietal layer
Fibrous pericardium
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10
Q

How many ml of pericardial serous fluid lies between the Parietal layer and Viceral layer?

A

20ml

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11
Q

Does the viceral layer also form part of the heart wall?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What 4 functions does the pericardium have?

A
  1. Prevents over-distension (i.e. over filling of the chambers)
  2. Anchors the heart in place
  3. Protection from infection
  4. Lubrication
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13
Q

What’s the name of the mussle which seperates the heart into TWO halves?

A

Septum

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14
Q

What’s the septum made out of?

A

Myocardium and a lining of endothelium

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15
Q

Where are papillary muscles found and what’s there role?

A

Found in the heart

When the muscles contract they stop the artioventricular valves opening by tightening the chordae tendinae.

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16
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there in total?

A

4 (2 to each lung)

17
Q

How do valves within the heart open?

A

Increased pressure of blood

18
Q

What does the chordae tendinae do?

A

Stop the valve from opening upwards into the atrium

19
Q

What’s the name of the hearts own blood circulation system?

A

Coronary circulation

20
Q

What percentage of blood does the heart recieve?

A

Receive about 5% of the blood from the heart

21
Q

Name the coronary branches on the left side of the heart

A 
Left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Left marginal artery
left anterior descending artery
Diagonal arteries
22
Q

Name the coronary branches on the right side of the heart

A

Right coronary artery

Right marginal artery

23
Q

What artery supplies the left and right ventricle?

A

Left anterior descending artery

24
Q

What artery supplies blood to the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Circumflex artery

25
Q

What artery supplies blood to the right atrium?

A

Right coronary artery

26
Q

What artery supplies blood to the right ventricle?

A

Right marginal artery

27
Q

Where does the majority of the coronary veins drain into?

A

Coronary sinus

28
Q

Where is the coronary sinus located?

A

Posterior surface of the right atrium

29
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

A very thin walled vein which empties deoxegenated blood from around the heart back into the right atrium

30
Q

What initiates electrical impulses which cause coordinated contractions of the heart?

A

A small bundle of specialised neuromuscular cells in the myocardium

31
Q

Where is the Sinoatrial node (SA node) located?

A

Right atrium

32
Q

What does the sinoatrial node (SA node) do?

A

Generates electrical impulses and sets the rhythm of the heart beat

33
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular node (AV node) located?

A

Located in the wall of the atrial septum

34
Q

How is an electrical impulse discharged?

A

Fibres in the myocardium are electrically unstable and constantly depolarise and repolarise.

When they depolarise they discharge an electrical impulse.

35
Q

What’s the network of specialised cardiac muscle fibres found in the myocardium called?

A

Autorhythmic fibres

36
Q

Do Autorhythmic fibres require a nervous system stimulation pulse to trigger contraction of the heart?

A

No Autorhythmic fibres are self-excitable

37
Q

Describe the route of conduction through the heart

A

Sino Atrial node - (0.1s later) Atrioventricular node - Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His) - Divides into right and left branch down the ventricular septum - Purkinje fibres - continues along the walls of the ventricles.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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