Abdomen Flashcards
Name the FOUR quadrants of the abdomen
Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant
Name the NINE quadrants of the abdomen
Right Hyochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left Hyochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region
Name the abdomen planes and the level/position of them.
Left and right midclavicular planes - Mid clavicle
Transpyloric plane - At L1
Subcostal plane - Approx L3
Intertubercular plane - Approx L5
List the layers of the abdominal wall
Skin Superficial fascia Muscles Deep fascia Extraperitoneal fascia Parietal peritoneum
What is the thin membrane which covers viscera and provides a lining for the abdominal walls?
Peritoneum
Name the two types of peritoneum
Parietal Peritoneum
Visceral Peritoneum
What’s the name of the space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?
Peritoneal cavity
How does the peritoneal cavity differ from males to females?
The cavity is closed in males but not in females as uterine tubes access the cavity.
What is Mesentery?
Folds of peritoneum, which connects intraperitoneal organs to the posterior wall of abdomen.
What is the Omentum (omenta) formed of?
Membrane of visceral peritoneum
What are Peritoneal Ligaments
Layers of peritoneum connecting viscera together and to the abdominal wall.
Name the two omenta sacs
Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum
Where is the greater omentum and whats its role?
Attaches from stomach (greater curvature) and proximal duodenum and drapes over the transverse colon anteriorly.
Its role is to minimise spread of infection in the peritoneal cavity.
Where is the lesser omentum and whats its role?
Attached to the inferior surface of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum.
Its role is to act as a pathway for vascular and lymphatic supply to the stomach.
Name the Intraperitoneal organs
Stomach
Spleen
Liver
Name the Retroperitoneal organs
Suprarenal Aorta and IVC (inferior vena cava) Duodenum Pancreas Colon Rectum Ureters Oesophagus Kidneys
Name 3 vicera in the Epigastric region
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Name 3 vicera in the Left Hypochondriac region
Spleen
Pancreas
Left kidney
Name 3 vicera in the Right lumbar region
Right kidney
Small intestine
Ascending Colon
How long is the oesophagus and at what level does it start?
25cm length and starts at C6.
What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm where the oesophagus passes from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity?
Oesophagus hiatus
What is the Vena cava foramen?
One of the three major apertures in the diaphragm which allows the IVC (inferior vena cava) to pass through.
What is the Aortic hiatus?
One of the three major apertures in the diaphragm which allows the Aorta to pass through.
What’s the opening by which the oesophagus communicates with the stomach?
Cardiac orifice
