Abdomen Flashcards
Name the FOUR quadrants of the abdomen
Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant
Name the NINE quadrants of the abdomen
Right Hyochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left Hyochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region
Name the abdomen planes and the level/position of them.
Left and right midclavicular planes - Mid clavicle
Transpyloric plane - At L1
Subcostal plane - Approx L3
Intertubercular plane - Approx L5
List the layers of the abdominal wall
Skin Superficial fascia Muscles Deep fascia Extraperitoneal fascia Parietal peritoneum
What is the thin membrane which covers viscera and provides a lining for the abdominal walls?
Peritoneum
Name the two types of peritoneum
Parietal Peritoneum
Visceral Peritoneum
What’s the name of the space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?
Peritoneal cavity
How does the peritoneal cavity differ from males to females?
The cavity is closed in males but not in females as uterine tubes access the cavity.
What is Mesentery?
Folds of peritoneum, which connects intraperitoneal organs to the posterior wall of abdomen.
What is the Omentum (omenta) formed of?
Membrane of visceral peritoneum
What are Peritoneal Ligaments
Layers of peritoneum connecting viscera together and to the abdominal wall.
Name the two omenta sacs
Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum
Where is the greater omentum and whats its role?
Attaches from stomach (greater curvature) and proximal duodenum and drapes over the transverse colon anteriorly.
Its role is to minimise spread of infection in the peritoneal cavity.
Where is the lesser omentum and whats its role?
Attached to the inferior surface of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum.
Its role is to act as a pathway for vascular and lymphatic supply to the stomach.
Name the Intraperitoneal organs
Stomach
Spleen
Liver
Name the Retroperitoneal organs
Suprarenal Aorta and IVC (inferior vena cava) Duodenum Pancreas Colon Rectum Ureters Oesophagus Kidneys
Name 3 vicera in the Epigastric region
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Name 3 vicera in the Left Hypochondriac region
Spleen
Pancreas
Left kidney
Name 3 vicera in the Right lumbar region
Right kidney
Small intestine
Ascending Colon
How long is the oesophagus and at what level does it start?
25cm length and starts at C6.
What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm where the oesophagus passes from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity?
Oesophagus hiatus
What is the Vena cava foramen?
One of the three major apertures in the diaphragm which allows the IVC (inferior vena cava) to pass through.
What is the Aortic hiatus?
One of the three major apertures in the diaphragm which allows the Aorta to pass through.
What’s the opening by which the oesophagus communicates with the stomach?
Cardiac orifice
What’s the opening by which the Pylorus connects to the Duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
Name the parts of the small intestine and the lengths
Duodenum - approx. 25cm
Jejunum - approx. 2.5m
Illeum - approx. 3.5m
What level does the Duodenum start at?
L1
Name the 4 parts of the Duodenum
Superior
Descending
Inferior
Ascending
Which part of the duodenum has some of the area classified as intraperitoneal?
Superior duodenum
What’s the name of the ligament which connects the superior duodenum to the liver?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
What levels are each part of the duodenum at?
Superior - L1
Descending - L1 to L3
Inferior - L3
Ascending - L3 to L2
True or False: The Jejunum has a thicker wall and wider lumen than the ileum?
True
What’s the name of the connection between the illeum and caecum?
Ileocaecal junction
What’s the function of the Ileocaecal valve?
Prevents bowel content reflux during peristalsis
What’s the length of the colon?
150cm (1.5m)
True or False: The colon is longer than the small intestine?
False
Whats the name of the points of the colon where it bends?
Right and left colic flexure
Name the parts of the Stomach
Cardia Fundus Body Antrum Pylorus
Name the parts of the Gall bladder
Fundus
Body
Neck
Name the 3 unpaired visceral branches
Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal
Name the 3 paired visceral branches
Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteriec Artery
Inferior Mesenteriec Artery
Name the branches which come off of the celiac trunk
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Name the 5 arteries which come off the superior Mesenteric artey
Middle colic artery Right colic artery Ileocolic artery Jejunal artery ileal artery
Name the 5 arteries which come off the inferior Mesenteric artey
Left colic artery
Sigmoid artery
Superior rectal artery
Name the 2 drainage systems within the body
Systemic Venous system
Portal Venous system
Explain the role of the Systemic Venous system
Carries deoxygenated blood to right atrium
of the heart.
Explain the role of the Portal Venous system
Carries venous blood to the liver.
True or False: The left adrenal vein and left gonadal vein drain into the left renal gland?
True
True or False: The right adrenal vein and right gonadal vein drain directly into the IVC?
True
