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Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Name the FOUR quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

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2
Q

Name the NINE quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right Hyochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left Hyochondriac region

Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region

Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region

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3
Q

Name the abdomen planes and the level/position of them.

A

Left and right midclavicular planes - Mid clavicle
Transpyloric plane - At L1
Subcostal plane - Approx L3
Intertubercular plane - Approx L5

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4
Q

List the layers of the abdominal wall

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscles
Deep fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum
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5
Q

What is the thin membrane which covers viscera and provides a lining for the abdominal walls?

A

Peritoneum

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6
Q

Name the two types of peritoneum

A

Parietal Peritoneum

Visceral Peritoneum

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7
Q

What’s the name of the space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?

A

Peritoneal cavity

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8
Q

How does the peritoneal cavity differ from males to females?

A

The cavity is closed in males but not in females as uterine tubes access the cavity.

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9
Q

What is Mesentery?

A

Folds of peritoneum, which connects intraperitoneal organs to the posterior wall of abdomen.

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10
Q

What is the Omentum (omenta) formed of?

A

Membrane of visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

What are Peritoneal Ligaments

A

Layers of peritoneum connecting viscera together and to the abdominal wall.

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12
Q

Name the two omenta sacs

A

Greater Omentum

Lesser Omentum

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13
Q

Where is the greater omentum and whats its role?

A

Attaches from stomach (greater curvature) and proximal duodenum and drapes over the transverse colon anteriorly.

Its role is to minimise spread of infection in the peritoneal cavity.

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14
Q

Where is the lesser omentum and whats its role?

A

Attached to the inferior surface of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum.

Its role is to act as a pathway for vascular and lymphatic supply to the stomach.

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15
Q

Name the Intraperitoneal organs

A

Stomach
Spleen
Liver

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16
Q

Name the Retroperitoneal organs

A 
Suprarenal
Aorta and IVC (inferior vena cava)
Duodenum
Pancreas
Colon
Rectum
Ureters
Oesophagus
Kidneys
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17
Q

Name 3 vicera in the Epigastric region

A

Liver
Stomach
Pancreas

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18
Q

Name 3 vicera in the Left Hypochondriac region

A

Spleen
Pancreas
Left kidney

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19
Q

Name 3 vicera in the Right lumbar region

A

Right kidney
Small intestine
Ascending Colon

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20
Q

How long is the oesophagus and at what level does it start?

A

25cm length and starts at C6.

21
Q

What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm where the oesophagus passes from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity?

A

Oesophagus hiatus

22
Q

What is the Vena cava foramen?

A

One of the three major apertures in the diaphragm which allows the IVC (inferior vena cava) to pass through.

23
Q

What is the Aortic hiatus?

A

One of the three major apertures in the diaphragm which allows the Aorta to pass through.

24
Q

What’s the opening by which the oesophagus communicates with the stomach?

A

Cardiac orifice

25
Q

What’s the opening by which the Pylorus connects to the Duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

26
Q

Name the parts of the small intestine and the lengths

A

Duodenum - approx. 25cm
Jejunum - approx. 2.5m
Illeum - approx. 3.5m

27
Q

What level does the Duodenum start at?

A

L1

28
Q

Name the 4 parts of the Duodenum

A

Superior
Descending
Inferior
Ascending

29
Q

Which part of the duodenum has some of the area classified as intraperitoneal?

A

Superior duodenum

30
Q

What’s the name of the ligament which connects the superior duodenum to the liver?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

31
Q

What levels are each part of the duodenum at?

A

Superior - L1
Descending - L1 to L3
Inferior - L3
Ascending - L3 to L2

32
Q

True or False: The Jejunum has a thicker wall and wider lumen than the ileum?

A

True

33
Q

What’s the name of the connection between the illeum and caecum?

A

Ileocaecal junction

34
Q

What’s the function of the Ileocaecal valve?

A

Prevents bowel content reflux during peristalsis

35
Q

What’s the length of the colon?

A

150cm (1.5m)

36
Q

True or False: The colon is longer than the small intestine?

A

False

37
Q

Whats the name of the points of the colon where it bends?

A

Right and left colic flexure

38
Q

Name the parts of the Stomach

A 
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum
Pylorus
39
Q

Name the parts of the Gall bladder

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

40
Q

Name the 3 unpaired visceral branches

A

Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal

41
Q

Name the 3 paired visceral branches

A

Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteriec Artery
Inferior Mesenteriec Artery

42
Q

Name the branches which come off of the celiac trunk

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

43
Q

Name the 5 arteries which come off the superior Mesenteric artey

A 
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Jejunal artery
ileal artery
44
Q

Name the 5 arteries which come off the inferior Mesenteric artey

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid artery
Superior rectal artery

45
Q

Name the 2 drainage systems within the body

A

Systemic Venous system

Portal Venous system

46
Q

Explain the role of the Systemic Venous system

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to right atrium

of the heart.

47
Q

Explain the role of the Portal Venous system

A

Carries venous blood to the liver.

48
Q

True or False: The left adrenal vein and left gonadal vein drain into the left renal gland?

A

True

49
Q

True or False: The right adrenal vein and right gonadal vein drain directly into the IVC?

A

True

Anatomy (10 decks)

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