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CA > thorax 1 and 2 > Flashcards

thorax 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

true ribs: numbers and attachment

A

ribs 1-7
attach directly to sternum w/ costal cartilages (vertebrocostal)

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2
Q

floating ribs: numbers and attachments

A

11-12
end in posterior abdominal musculature

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2
Q

bony features of typical ribs

A

wedge-shaped head w/ 2 facets separated by crest for intervertebral articulation
neck, tubercle, @ junction of neck and shaft w/ articular facet portion, non-articular portion

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2
Q

false ribs: numbers and attachments

A

8-10
attach to cartilage superior to them, indirectly to sternum (vertebrochondral)

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3
Q

typical rib shaft features

A

costal groove for intercostal nerve and vessels
costal angle
distal end articulates w/ costal cartilage

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4
Q

common rib fracture location

A

anterior to costal angle

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5
Q

costovertebral joints

A

rib head articulates w/ superior costal facet of same number, inferior costal facet of above vertebra
(ex: rib 7 articules w/ superior facet of T-7, inferior facet of T-6)

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6
Q

costotransverse joints

A
  • tubercle of typical rib articulates w/ transverse costal facet of same number vertebra
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7
Q

bucket-handle movement

A

costovertebral synovial joints
- move laterosuperiorly on inspiration, inferomedially on expiration
- increase, decrease transverse diameter of thorax

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8
Q

pump-handle movement

A

costotransverse synovial joints
- superoanterior on inspiration, inferoposterior on expiration
- increase, decrease anterior-posterior diameter

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9
Q

bony features of atypical ribs: rib 1

A

single facet on head, scalene tubercle for anterior scalene insertion
grooves for subclavian vein, artery

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10
Q

bony features of atypical ribs: rib 2

A

head has 2 facets that articulate w/ T1, T2
superior tubercle for posterior scalene insertion
tuberosity for serratus anterior insertion

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11
Q

bony features of atypical ribs: ribs 10-12

A

head has single facet
11, 12 don’t have neck or tubercles

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12
Q

manubrium: features

A

superiorly: jugular/suprasternal notch
laterally: notched for clavicle, 1st costal cartilage, portion of 2nd costal cartilage
manubriosternal joint (sternal angle): symphysis between manubrium and body of sternum

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13
Q

3 bones of sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid

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14
Q

body of sternum: features

A

laterally: notched for 2-7 costal cartilages

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15
Q

xiphoid: features

A

xiphisternal joint: synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) between xyphoid process and body of sternum

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16
Q

costochondral joints: location

A

hyaline cartilage joints between ribs and costal cartilages

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17
Q

sternocostal joints: location

A

1st: articulates w/ manubrium
2nd-7th: synovial joints articulating w/ body of sternum
*2nd w/ both manubrium and body

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18
Q

interchondral joints: location

A

6th-9th: synovial joints

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19
Q

volume changes during inspiration/expiration

A

increase in intrathoracic volume during inspiration
decrease in intrathoracic volume during expiration

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20
Q

diaphragm: characteristics

A
  • primary muscle of inspiration
  • dome-shaped w/ central tension
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21
Q

diaphragm: peripheral origins

A

sternal: xiphoid process
lumbar: crura (L1-L3 vertebral bodies)
costal: inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs

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22
Q

diaphragm: movements

A

descends during inspiration
- central part moves caudally
- periphery (origins) are fixed
rises during expiration (relaxation)

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23
musculophrenic artery
supplies diaphragm branch of internal thoracic a.
24
superior phrenic arteries
supply diaphragm branches of thoracic aorta
25
inferior phrenic arteries
supply diaphragm branches of abdominal aorta
26
pericardiacophrenic artery
supplies diaphragm branch of internal thoracic artery
27
diaphragm: vasculature
pericardiacophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries, superior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries
28
internal intercostal muscles: location, function
from angle of rib posteriorly to sternum anteriorly depresses ribs
29
external intercostal muscles: location, function
tubercle of rib posteriorly to costochondral junction anteriorly elevates ribs
29
innervation of diaphragm
phrenic nerve: motor and sensory intercostal nerve: sensory
30
levator costarum: location, function
originate @ transverse processes of T1-T11, passes inferolaterally to insert @ tubercles of ribs elevate ribs
31
subcostalis muscle: location, function
angle of rib crossing 1-2 intercostal spaces elevates ribs
31
innermost intercostal muscles: location, function
depresses ribs deeper than internal
32
transverse thoracis: location, function
originate from body of sternum, run superolaterally to insert on 2-6th costal cartilages depress ribs
33
branches of axillary artery that supply thoracic wall
superior and lateral thoracic
34
thoracic aorta: branches and supply
9 intercostal arteries, 1 subcostal artery spaces 3-11
35
left superior intercostal vein: function
drains upper 1-3 posterior intercostal veins into left brachiocephalic
36
anterior intercostal veins drain to
internal thoracic vein
37
right posterior intercostal veins drain to
azygos vein
38
left posterior intercostal veins drain to
accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins
39
innervation of thoracic wall: anterior rami
T1-2: sends fibers to brachial plexus T1-11 intercostal nerve: motor, sensory T12 subcostal nerve: motor and sensory
40
T4 dermatome
nipple level
41
T10 dermatome
umbilicus level
42
intercostal space: superficial to deep
skin superficial, deep fascia external, internal intercostal muscles neurovascular bundle - intercostal veins, arteries, nerves - collaterals innermost intercostal muscles endothoracic fascia parietal pleura, pleural space
43
thoracocentesis
pleural tap between 9th and 10th ribs, posterolaterally - costodiaphragmatic recess - analysis and drainage of pleural effusion
44
pneumothorax
air in pleural cavity
45
hemothorax
blood in pleural cavity
46
surface anatomy: jugular notch
T2
47
surface anatomy: manubrosternal angle
T4
48
surface anatomy: xiphisternal angle
T9
49
esophagus is at vertebra
T10
50
aorta is at vertebra
T12
51
superior thoracic aperture
bounded to: - T1 posteriorly - 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilages laterally - manubrium anteriorly structures pass thru neck, thoracic cavity: - trachea, esophagus, nerves, blood
52
inferior thoracic aperture
bounded to: - T12 posteriorly - ribs 11-12 posterolaterally - costal margin 7-10 and xiphisternal joint anterolaterally structures passing thru diaphragm: - esophagus, IVC, aorta
53
thoracic outlet syndrome
mechanical compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery
54
three compartments of thoracic cavity
- right and left pulmonary - central mediastinum
55
sternal line: pleura
costal pleura becomes continuous w/ mediastinal pleura anteriorly
56
costal line: pleura
costal pleura becomes continuous w/ diaphragmatic pleura
57
vertebral line: pleura
costal pleura becomes continuous w/ mediastinal pleura
58
pleural cavity: function
serous fluid lubricates pleural surfaces
59
visceral pleura: location, function
invests all surfaces of lungs, deeper layer
60
parietal pleura: location, function
lines pulmonary cavity (thoracic wall, mediastinum, diaphragm), superficial layer
61
diaphragmatic pleura: location, features
part of parietal pleura that lines diaphragm thin layer of endothoracic fascia (phrenicopleural), connects w/ muscle fibers
62
cervical pleura: location, features
part of parietal pleura that lines superior thoracic aperture into root of neck reinforced by fibrous endothoracic fascia suprapleural membrane attaches internal surface of rib 1, C7
63
innervation of parietal pleura
phrenic nerve C3-C5 - referred pain to C3-C5 dermatomes
64
vascularization of parietal pleura
intercostal and pericardiacophrenic arteries
65
potential pleural space
lungs don't occupy pulmonary cavity completely during expiration - space w/ costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic recesses
66
right lung: lobes, features
3 lobes - horizontal fissure divides superior and middle - oblique fissure divides superior and inferior larger, shorter, wider, dome of diaphragm is higher bc of liver heart bulges to left
67
left lung: lobes, features
2 lobes - oblique fissure divides superior, inferior cardiac notch indents superior lobe for apex lingula on superior lobe
68
lung surfaces
costal: large, convex mediastinal: concave, includes hilum diaphragmatic: base
69
pulmonary arteries: location
anterior and superior to bronchus in R lung most superior in L lung
70
pulmonary veins: location
most anterior and inferior in R and L lung
71
pleural sleeve
continuation of parietal and visceral pleura
72
pulmonary ligament
hangs inferiorly from pleural sleeve
73
trachea: location, features
begins @ larynx, bifurcates @ level of sternal angle
74
primary bronchus divides into
lobar (secondary) bronchi, which supply each lobe
75
lobar bronchi divide into
segmental (tertiary) bronchi, which supply bronchopulmonary segments
76
segmental bronchi divide into
bronchioles, via distal branching - conducting, terminal, respiratory
77
respiratory bronchioles continue into
alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli
78
pulmonary plexuses
parasympathetic: vagus nerve, bronchoconstriction and vasodilation sympathetic: sympathetic trunk, bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor
79
pulmonary arteries: function, course
bring deoxygenated blood from pulmonary trunk - divides into lobar arteries, segmental arteries
80
bronchial arteries: function, course
supply root of lungs, wall of bronchial tree, visceral pleura anastomose w/ pulmonary arteries in walls of bronchioles and visceral pleura - 2 left, branch of thoracic aorta - 1 right, branch of posterior intercostal
81
pulmonary veins: function, course
bring oxygenated blood to L atrium - courses in septum between segments
82

CA (9 decks)

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