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CA > thorax 1 and 2 > Flashcards

thorax 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

true ribs: numbers and attachment

A

ribs 1-7
attach directly to sternum w/ costal cartilages (vertebrocostal)

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2
Q

floating ribs: numbers and attachments

A

11-12
end in posterior abdominal musculature

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2
Q

bony features of typical ribs

A

wedge-shaped head w/ 2 facets separated by crest for intervertebral articulation
neck, tubercle, @ junction of neck and shaft w/ articular facet portion, non-articular portion

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2
Q

false ribs: numbers and attachments

A

8-10
attach to cartilage superior to them, indirectly to sternum (vertebrochondral)

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3
Q

typical rib shaft features

A

costal groove for intercostal nerve and vessels
costal angle
distal end articulates w/ costal cartilage

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4
Q

common rib fracture location

A

anterior to costal angle

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5
Q

costovertebral joints

A

rib head articulates w/ superior costal facet of same number, inferior costal facet of above vertebra
(ex: rib 7 articules w/ superior facet of T-7, inferior facet of T-6)

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6
Q

costotransverse joints

A
  • tubercle of typical rib articulates w/ transverse costal facet of same number vertebra
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7
Q

bucket-handle movement

A

costovertebral synovial joints
- move laterosuperiorly on inspiration, inferomedially on expiration
- increase, decrease transverse diameter of thorax

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8
Q

pump-handle movement

A

costotransverse synovial joints
- superoanterior on inspiration, inferoposterior on expiration
- increase, decrease anterior-posterior diameter

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9
Q

bony features of atypical ribs: rib 1

A

single facet on head, scalene tubercle for anterior scalene insertion
grooves for subclavian vein, artery

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10
Q

bony features of atypical ribs: rib 2

A

head has 2 facets that articulate w/ T1, T2
superior tubercle for posterior scalene insertion
tuberosity for serratus anterior insertion

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11
Q

bony features of atypical ribs: ribs 10-12

A

head has single facet
11, 12 don’t have neck or tubercles

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12
Q

manubrium: features

A

superiorly: jugular/suprasternal notch
laterally: notched for clavicle, 1st costal cartilage, portion of 2nd costal cartilage
manubriosternal joint (sternal angle): symphysis between manubrium and body of sternum

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13
Q

3 bones of sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid

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14
Q

body of sternum: features

A

laterally: notched for 2-7 costal cartilages

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15
Q

xiphoid: features

A

xiphisternal joint: synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) between xyphoid process and body of sternum

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16
Q

costochondral joints: location

A

hyaline cartilage joints between ribs and costal cartilages

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17
Q

sternocostal joints: location

A

1st: articulates w/ manubrium
2nd-7th: synovial joints articulating w/ body of sternum
*2nd w/ both manubrium and body

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18
Q

interchondral joints: location

A

6th-9th: synovial joints

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19
Q

volume changes during inspiration/expiration

A

increase in intrathoracic volume during inspiration
decrease in intrathoracic volume during expiration

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20
Q

diaphragm: characteristics

A
  • primary muscle of inspiration
  • dome-shaped w/ central tension
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21
Q

diaphragm: peripheral origins

A

sternal: xiphoid process
lumbar: crura (L1-L3 vertebral bodies)
costal: inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs

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22
Q

diaphragm: movements

A

descends during inspiration
- central part moves caudally
- periphery (origins) are fixed
rises during expiration (relaxation)

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23
Q

musculophrenic artery

A

supplies diaphragm
branch of internal thoracic a.

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24
Q

superior phrenic arteries

A

supply diaphragm
branches of thoracic aorta

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25
Q

inferior phrenic arteries

A

supply diaphragm
branches of abdominal aorta

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26
Q

pericardiacophrenic artery

A

supplies diaphragm
branch of internal thoracic artery

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27
Q

diaphragm: vasculature

A

pericardiacophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries, superior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries

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28
Q

internal intercostal muscles: location, function

A

from angle of rib posteriorly to sternum anteriorly
depresses ribs

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29
Q

external intercostal muscles: location, function

A

tubercle of rib posteriorly to costochondral junction anteriorly
elevates ribs

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29
Q

innervation of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve: motor and sensory
intercostal nerve: sensory

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30
Q

levator costarum: location, function

A

originate @ transverse processes of T1-T11, passes inferolaterally to insert @ tubercles of ribs
elevate ribs

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31
Q

subcostalis muscle: location, function

A

angle of rib crossing 1-2 intercostal spaces
elevates ribs

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31
Q

innermost intercostal muscles: location, function

A

depresses ribs
deeper than internal

32
Q

transverse thoracis: location, function

A

originate from body of sternum, run superolaterally to insert on 2-6th costal cartilages
depress ribs

33
Q

branches of axillary artery that supply thoracic wall

A

superior and lateral thoracic

34
Q

thoracic aorta: branches and supply

A

9 intercostal arteries, 1 subcostal artery
spaces 3-11

35
Q

left superior intercostal vein: function

A

drains upper 1-3 posterior intercostal veins into left brachiocephalic

36
Q

anterior intercostal veins drain to

A

internal thoracic vein

37
Q

right posterior intercostal veins drain to

A

azygos vein

38
Q

left posterior intercostal veins drain to

A

accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins

39
Q

innervation of thoracic wall: anterior rami

A

T1-2: sends fibers to brachial plexus
T1-11 intercostal nerve: motor, sensory
T12 subcostal nerve: motor and sensory

40
Q

T4 dermatome

A

nipple level

41
Q

T10 dermatome

A

umbilicus level

42
Q

intercostal space: superficial to deep

A

skin
superficial, deep fascia
external, internal intercostal muscles
neurovascular bundle
- intercostal veins, arteries, nerves
- collaterals
innermost intercostal muscles
endothoracic fascia
parietal pleura, pleural space

43
Q

thoracocentesis

A

pleural tap between 9th and 10th ribs, posterolaterally
- costodiaphragmatic recess
- analysis and drainage of pleural effusion

44
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in pleural cavity

45
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in pleural cavity

46
Q

surface anatomy: jugular notch

A

T2

47
Q

surface anatomy: manubrosternal angle

A

T4

48
Q

surface anatomy: xiphisternal angle

A

T9

49
Q

esophagus is at vertebra

A

T10

50
Q

aorta is at vertebra

A

T12

51
Q

superior thoracic aperture

A

bounded to:
- T1 posteriorly
- 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilages laterally
- manubrium anteriorly
structures pass thru neck, thoracic cavity:
- trachea, esophagus, nerves, blood

52
Q

inferior thoracic aperture

A

bounded to:
- T12 posteriorly
- ribs 11-12 posterolaterally
- costal margin 7-10 and xiphisternal joint anterolaterally
structures passing thru diaphragm:
- esophagus, IVC, aorta

53
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

mechanical compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery

54
Q

three compartments of thoracic cavity

A
  • right and left pulmonary
  • central mediastinum
55
Q

sternal line: pleura

A

costal pleura becomes continuous w/ mediastinal pleura anteriorly

56
Q

costal line: pleura

A

costal pleura becomes continuous w/ diaphragmatic pleura

57
Q

vertebral line: pleura

A

costal pleura becomes continuous w/ mediastinal pleura

58
Q

pleural cavity: function

A

serous fluid lubricates pleural surfaces

59
Q

visceral pleura: location, function

A

invests all surfaces of lungs, deeper layer

60
Q

parietal pleura: location, function

A

lines pulmonary cavity (thoracic wall, mediastinum, diaphragm), superficial layer

61
Q

diaphragmatic pleura: location, features

A

part of parietal pleura that lines diaphragm
thin layer of endothoracic fascia (phrenicopleural), connects w/ muscle fibers

62
Q

cervical pleura: location, features

A

part of parietal pleura that lines superior thoracic aperture into root of neck
reinforced by fibrous endothoracic fascia
suprapleural membrane attaches internal surface of rib 1, C7

63
Q

innervation of parietal pleura

A

phrenic nerve C3-C5
- referred pain to C3-C5 dermatomes

64
Q

vascularization of parietal pleura

A

intercostal and pericardiacophrenic arteries

65
Q

potential pleural space

A

lungs don’t occupy pulmonary cavity completely during expiration
- space w/ costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic recesses

66
Q

right lung: lobes, features

A

3 lobes
- horizontal fissure divides superior and middle
- oblique fissure divides superior and inferior
larger, shorter, wider, dome of diaphragm is higher bc of liver
heart bulges to left

67
Q

left lung: lobes, features

A

2 lobes
- oblique fissure divides superior, inferior
cardiac notch indents superior lobe for apex
lingula on superior lobe

68
Q

lung surfaces

A

costal: large, convex
mediastinal: concave, includes hilum
diaphragmatic: base

69
Q

pulmonary arteries: location

A

anterior and superior to bronchus in R lung
most superior in L lung

70
Q

pulmonary veins: location

A

most anterior and inferior in R and L lung

71
Q

pleural sleeve

A

continuation of parietal and visceral pleura

72
Q

pulmonary ligament

A

hangs inferiorly from pleural sleeve

73
Q

trachea: location, features

A

begins @ larynx, bifurcates @ level of sternal angle

74
Q

primary bronchus divides into

A

lobar (secondary) bronchi, which supply each lobe

75
Q

lobar bronchi divide into

A

segmental (tertiary) bronchi, which supply bronchopulmonary segments

76
Q

segmental bronchi divide into

A

bronchioles, via distal branching
- conducting, terminal, respiratory

77
Q

respiratory bronchioles continue into

A

alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli

78
Q

pulmonary plexuses

A

parasympathetic: vagus nerve, bronchoconstriction and vasodilation
sympathetic: sympathetic trunk, bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor

79
Q

pulmonary arteries: function, course

A

bring deoxygenated blood from pulmonary trunk
- divides into lobar arteries, segmental arteries

80
Q

bronchial arteries: function, course

A

supply root of lungs, wall of bronchial tree, visceral pleura
anastomose w/ pulmonary arteries in walls of bronchioles and visceral pleura
- 2 left, branch of thoracic aorta
- 1 right, branch of posterior intercostal

81
Q

pulmonary veins: function, course

A

bring oxygenated blood to L atrium
- courses in septum between segments

82
Q
A

CA (9 decks)

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