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CA > abdomen > Flashcards

abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

subcostal plane: location

A

inferior border of 10th costal cartilage

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2
Q

transtubercular plane: location

A

passes through iliac tubercles, body of L5

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3
Q

transumbilical plane: location

A

passes through umbilicus, IV discs between L3-L4

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4
Q

abdomen layers: superficial to deep

A
  • skin
  • camper fascia, scarpa fascia (subcutaneous)
  • muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis (with investing fascia in between)
  • endoabdominal (transversalis) fascia
  • extraperitoneal fat
  • parietal peritoneum
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5
Q

linea alba: formation

A

aponeuroses interweave

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5
Q

arcuate line: distance

A

1/3 of the way from umbilicus to pubic crest

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6
Q

rectus sheath: formation

A

formed by aponeuroses of all 3 flat muscles

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7
Q

arcuate line: significance

A
  • inferior to arcuate line, the aponeuroses of all 3 flat muscles pass anterior to rectus abdominis
  • only transversalis fascia covers rectus abdominis posteriorly: potential site of weakness
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8
Q

median umbilical fold: location

A
  • apex of bladder to umbilicus
  • covers median umbilical ligament and remnant of urachus
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9
Q

medial umbilical folds: location

A
  • cover medial umbilical ligaments, formed by occluded parts of umbilical arteries
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10
Q

lateral umbilical fold: location

A
  • cover inferior epigastric vessels
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11
Q

lateral inguinal fossa: location, contents

A
  • lateral to lateral umbilical folds
  • contain deep inguinal rings (potential hernia site)
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12
Q

medial inguinal fossa: location, contents

A
  • between medial and lateral folds
  • forms inguinal triangle
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13
Q

supravesicular fossa: location, contents

A
  • between median and medial folds, formed as peritoneum reflects from anterior abdominal wall onto bladder
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14
Q

inguinal ligament: formed by

A

free inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis

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15
Q

direct inguinal hernia: location

A

passes through/around inguinal canal, traversing medial third of canal. exits abdominal wall via superficial ring

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16
Q

indirect inguinal hernia: location

A

traverses inguinal canal (within processus vaginalis), entering deep inguinal ring and exiting superficial ring

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17
Q

inguinal region: location, function

A
  • between anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercle
  • where structures enter, exit abdominal cavity
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18
Q

inguinal canal: formation

A

formed in relation to relocation of gonads in fetal development
- fetal testes: pulled by gubernaculum, relocate from dorsal abdominal wall to deep inguinal rings
- fetal ovaries: relocate from dorsal abdominal wall to lesser pelvis, where gubernaculum attaches caudal pole of ovary

19
Q

main structures of inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord: ductus deferens
vestigial round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal nerve, blood vessels, lymphatics

20
Q

inguinal canal: openings

A

deep ring: internal entrance, evagination of transversalis fascia
superficial ring: exit in external oblique aponeurosis

21
Q

spermatic cord: fascia

A
  • internal spermatic fascia: derived from transversalis fascia at deep inguinal ring
  • cremasteric fascia: derived from internal oblique aponeurosis
  • external spermatic fascia: derived from external oblique aponeurosis, its investing fascia
22
Q

spermatic cord: blood supply to/from testes and epididymis

A
  • testicular artery and veins: arise from aorta at L2
  • pampiniform venous plexus: 12 veins that converge superiorly at testicular veins
23
Q

spermatic cord: vas deferens

A

(same as ductus deferens) muscular tube that conveys sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

24
Q

cremaster and dartos: action, innervation

A
  • cremaster: testicular elevation when cold, depression when warm, innervated by genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  • dartos: contracts skin of scrotum when cold, assists with testicular elevation, autonomic innervation
25
Q

esophagus: venous drainage

A
  • left gastric vein to hepatic portal vein
  • proximal thoracic portion drains through esophageal veins entering azygos vein
26
Q

abdominal aorta: 3 major branches

A

celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

27
Q

hepatic portal vein: formed by

A

union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins

28
Q

celiac trunk: notable branches + supply

A
  • left gastric artery: supplies esophagus, left lesser curvature
  • splenic artery: supplies pancreas, spleen, greater curvature
  • hepatic artery: supplies liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas
29
Q

stomach: venous drainage

A

left and right gastric veins drain into portal vein

30
Q

hepatic artery: branches + supply

A
  • right gastric artery: supplies right lesser curvature
  • gastroduodenal artery: supplies first and second parts of duodenum
31
Q

superior mesenteric artery: major branches + supply

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal supplies third and fourth parts of duodenum
  • middle colic, right colic, ileocolic branches
  • jejunal and ileal branches supply jejunum and ileum
32
Q

inferior mesenteric artery: major branches + supply

A
  • left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal
33
Q

duodenum: venous drainage

A

superior mesenteric vein unites with splenic vein to form hepatic portal vein

34
Q

jejunum and ileum: venous drainage

A

drain into superior mesenteric vein via jejunal and ileal veins

35
Q

small intestines: sympathetic innervation

A
  • presynaptic sympathetic fibers originate on T8-T10, pass through sympathetic trunk and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
  • synapse on cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons in celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia
36
Q

small intestines: parasymathetic innervation

A
  • fibers derive from vagus nerve
  • synapse with postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons in myenteric and submucosal plexuses
37
Q

colon: arteries

A
  • midgut (ascending, transverse) is supplied by branches of superior mesenteric (right, middle, and ileocolic arteries)
  • hindgut (descending, sigmoid) is supplied by branches of inferior mesenteric (left colic and sigmoid arteries)
  • marginal artery creates anastomosis for colon
38
Q

colon: venous drainage

A
  • right colic vein and ileocolic vein drain ascending colon
  • inferior mesenteric vein drains descending and sigmoid colon, flows into splenic then hepatic portal vein
39
Q

colon: sympathetic innervation

A

descending, sigmoid: lumbar splanchnic nerves, inferior mesenteric ganglia and periarterial plexuses on inferior mesenteric artery + branches

40
Q

colon: parasympathetic innervation

A

splanchnic nerves via inferior hypogastric plexus

41
Q

spleen: location

A

left upper quadrant
posteriorly associated w/ ribs 9-11
rests on L colic flexure

42
Q

spleen: vasculature

A

splenic artery: runs along superior border of pancreas, posterior to omental bursa and anterior to L kidney
splenic vein: combines with superior mesenteric vein posterior to neck of pancreas to form hepatic portal

43
Q

spleen: nerves

A

abdominopelvic splanchnic
vagus

44
Q

pancreas: general location

A

retroperitoneal
posterior to stomach between duodenum on right
spleen on left

45
Q

head of pancreas: location

A

surrounded by C-shaped curve of second part of duodenum

46
Q

pancreas: uncinate process location

A

CA (7 decks)

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