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CA > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

internal cranial base: components

A

cavernous sinus on either side of sella turcica, contains internal carotid

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2
Q

cavernous sinus: contents

A

CN III, IV, V 1, VI, internal carotid

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3
Q

cribriform foramina contents

A

olfactory nerve (CN I)

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4
Q

optic canal contents

A

optic nerve (CN II)

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5
Q

superior orbital fissure contents

A

oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, abducens (CN III, IV, V1, VI)

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6
Q

jugular foramen contents

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory nerves (IX, X, XI)

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6
Q

foramen ovale contents

A

mandibular nerve (CN V 3)

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7
Q

foramen rotundum contents

A

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

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8
Q

internal acoustic meatus contents

A

facial, vestibulocochlear nerves (CN VII, VIII)

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9
Q

hypoglossal canal contents

A

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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10
Q

foramen spinosum contents

A

middle meningeal artery, vein

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11
Q

olfactory nerves: path

A
  • cell bodies in olfactory nasal mucosa, bipolar neurons form olfactory nerves
  • fibers pass through cribriform foramina, synapse w/ mitral cells in olfactory bulb
  • axons form olfactory tract
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12
Q

optic nerve: path

A
  • passes posterolaterally in orbit, exits optic canal, enters middle cranial fossa, forms optic chiasm
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13
Q

optic nerve: fibers

A
  • fibers from median half cross in chiasm, join lateral uncrossed fibers
  • crossing required for 3D vision
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14
Q

oculomotor nerve: supplies

A

motor nerve to ocular, extra-ocular muscles

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15
Q

oculomotor nerve: path

A
  • emerges from midbrain, pierces dura, runs through cavernous sinus
  • leaves cranial cavity, enters orbit through superior orbital fissure and divides
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16
Q

oculomotor: divisions

A
  • superior: to superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris
  • inferior: to inferior and medial rectus, inferior oblique, visceral efferent to ciliary ganglion
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17
Q

ciliary ganglion

A
  • inferior branch of oculomotor sends visceral efferent signals to ciliary ganglion
  • postsynaptic fibers innervate ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae
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18
Q

trochlear nerve: path

A

around brainstem, anteriorly to lateral wall of cavernous sinus, goes through superior orbital fissure to supply superior oblique (motor)

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19
Q

abducens nerve: path

A

from brainstem between pons, medulla, through superior orbital fissure to supply lateral rectus (motor)

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20
Q

trigeminal nerve: ophthalmic branch

A

goes through superior orbital fissure to supply forehead –> dorsum of nose
- somatic sensory only

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21
Q

trigeminal nerve: maxillary branch

A

passes through foramen rotundum to supply lateral nose, cheek, upper lip
- somatic sensory only

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22
Q

trigeminal nerve: mandibular branch

A

goes through foramen ovale
- sensory to mucosa of tongue, floor of mouth, parotid, temporal region of face
- motor to mastication muscles

23
Q

facial nerve: terminal branches

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

24
Q

facial nerve: path

A

from junction of pons, medulla, traverses internal acoustic meatus –> anteriorly in temporal bone, turns posteriorly along medial tympanic cavity –> exits stylomastoid foramen

25
Q

facial nerve: types of innervation

A
  • somatic motor: facial expression muscles
  • visceral motor: pterygopalatine ganglion
  • somatic sensory: small area of auricle
  • special sensory: anterior 2/3 of tongue
26
Q

lacrimal gland nervous supply

A
  • greater petrosal (presynaptic parasympathetic) joins deep petrosal (postsynaptic sympathetic) to form pterygoid canal nerve
27
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve: path

A

from junction of pons, medulla –> internal acoustic meatus

28
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve: path

A

lateral medulla to jugular foramen

29
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve: types of innervation

A
  • sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • parotid gland (visceral), stylopharyngeus (somatic)
30
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve: general sensory branches

A

pharyngeal, tonsil, lingual

31
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve: afferent branch

A

gag reflex

32
Q

vagus nerve: path

A

leaves through jugular foramen, goes through carotid sheath

33
Q

vagus nerve: somatic motor

A

from nucleus ambiguous: pharyngeal muscles, soft palate, laryngeal muscles

34
Q

vagus nerve: visceral motor

A

from dorsal nucleus, supply thoracic and abdominal viscera

35
Q

vagus nerve: somatic sensory

A

posterior ear, external acoustic meatus

36
Q

vagus nerve: special sensory

A

taste from root of tongue, epiglottis

37
Q

vagus nerve: visceral sensory

A

mucosa of inferior pharynx at esophageal junction

38
Q

spinal accessory nerve: path

A

passes through jugular foramen, crosses lateral cervical region, goes deep to superior border of trapezius to supply somatic motor to trapezius and SCM

39
Q

hypoglossal nerve: path

A

arises from medulla, exits via hypoglossal canal to supply somatic motor to tongue muscles

40
Q

olfactory nerve lesion

A

anosmia: loss of smell
- olfactory bulbs tearing from nerves, fractured cribriform plate
- CSF rhinorrhea, cranial base fracture

41
Q

optic nerve lesion

A

susceptible to demyelinating diseases

42
Q

oculomotor nerve lesion

A

ptosis, abducted pupil directed inferiorly, no light reflex or accommodation of lens
- guillain-barre syndrome

43
Q

trochlear nerve lesion

A

diplopia when looking down

44
Q

trigeminal nerve lesion

A
  • deviation of mandible towards side of lesion
  • loss of sensation in face, loss of cornea reflex
  • trigeminal neuralgia: episodic pain in maxillary, mandibular regions
45
Q

abducens nerve lesions

A
  • can stretch w/ increased intracranial pressure (tumor)
  • lateral rectus paralysis: eye doesn’t fully abduct, medial rectus is unopposed
46
Q

facial nerve lesion

A
  • loss of motor to anterior 2/3 of tongue, gland function
  • bell’s palsy
47
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve lesion

A
  • tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss
  • acoustic neuroma
48
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve lesion

A

isolated: absence of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, swallowing changes, absent gag reflex

49
Q

vagus nerve lesion

A

uvula moves towards normal iside

50
Q

pharyngeal branch of vagus lesion

A

dysphagia

51
Q

superior laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) lesion

A

paralyzed cricothyroid

52
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) lesion

A

vocal cord paralysis, can occur during neck surgery
- both recurrent laryngeal nerves: aphonia, inspiratory stridor

53
Q

spinal accessory nerve lesion

A

trapezius atrophy, weakness in shoulder elevation, neck/chin rotation

54
Q

hypoglossal nerve lesion

A

ipsilateral tongue paralysis: dysarthria, tongue points to paralyzed side

CA (9 decks)

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