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CA > head and neck 1, 2 > Flashcards

head and neck 1, 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hyoid: location

A

superior to thyroid at C4

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2
Q

laryngeal prominence: location

A

fused laminae of thyroid cartilage, meets in median plane

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3
Q

cricoid cartilage: location

A

inferior to laryngeal prominence at C6

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4
Q

retropharyngeal space

A

separates prevertebral fascial compartment from pretracheal compartment

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5
Q

3 layers of deep cervical fascia

A
  • investing
  • pretracheal
  • prevertebral
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6
Q

carotid sheath: contains

A
  • common and internal carotid arteries
  • internal jugular vein
  • carotid sinus nerve
  • carotid periarterial plexus
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7
Q

Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid

A
  • spinal accessory (CN XI): motor
  • C2, C3: pain, proprioception
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8
Q

Innervation of the platysma

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

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9
Q

muscles covered by prevertebral fascia

A

splenius capitis, levator scapulae, posterior scalene, middle scalene

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10
Q

lesser occipital nerve supplies

A

skin of neck, scalp posterosuperior to auricle

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11
Q

spinal accessory nerve: location

A

passes deep to SCM, enters lateral cervical region, goes deep to anterior border of trapezius

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12
Q

greater auricular nerve: location

A

ascends vertically across SCM over parotid, divides

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13
Q

greater auricular nerve: supplies

A

skin over angle of mandible to mastoid,
skin over parotid gland, posterior auricle

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14
Q

transverse cervical nerve: location

A

curves around middle posterior border of SCM, passes anteriorly and horizontally, deep to external jugular and platysma

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15
Q

transverse cervical nerve: supplies

A

skin over anterior cervical region

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16
Q

supraclavicular nerves: location

A

common trunk under SCM, branches to skin of neck, cross clavicle to skin over shoulder

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17
Q

roots of brachial plexus: location

A

between anterior and middle scalenes

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18
Q

phrenic nerves: location

A

form on anterior scalene at level of superior border of thyroid

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19
Q

external jugular vein: location, formation

A
  • begins near angle of mandible inferior to auricle, terminates in subclavian vein
  • forms from union of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein
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20
Q

subclavian vein: location

A

courses through inferior lateral cervical region, passing anterior to anterior scalene and phrenic nerve

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21
Q

brachiocephalic vein: formation

A

internal jugular joined by subclavian vein

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22
Q

transverse cervical artery: origin

A

thyrocervical trunk (branch of subclavian)

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23
Q

suprascapular artery: origin

A

thyrocervical trunk (branch of subclavian)

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24
Q

suprascapular artery: location, supplies

A

passes inferolaterally across anterior scalene, phrenic nerve, posterior to clavicle to supply posterior scapular muscles

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25
Q

occipital artery: origin

A

branch of external carotid

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26
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric

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27
Q

digastric muscles: unique feature

A

have anterior and posterior bellies joined by intermediate tendon, fibrous sling allows tendon to slide

28
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

superficial plane: sternohyoid, omohyoid
deep plane: sternothyroid, thyrothyroid

29
Q

omohyoid: unique feature

A

2 bellies united by intermediate tendon connected to clavicle by fascial sling

30
Q

hypoglossal nerve: innervates

A

tongue muscles, geniohyoid, thyrohyoid

31
Q

CN V (trigeminal nerve) innervates

A

mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric

32
Q

CN VII (facial nerve) innervates

A

stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

33
Q

cervical plexus innervates

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrothyroid

34
Q

common carotid arteries: form

A

divide at superior border of throid into internal and external carotids

35
Q

right vs left common carotid

A
  • right begins at bifurcation of brachiocephalic trunk
  • left begins at aortic arch
36
Q

carotid sinus

A

slight dilation at proximal internal carotid, innervated by carotid branch of glossopharyngeal (functions as baroreceptor)

37
Q

internal carotid arteries

A

no neck branches, enter cranium to become brain arteries

38
Q

external carotids: supply

A

most structures external to cranium

39
Q

external carotids: terminal branches

A

maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery
- division is at parotid gland

40
Q

posterior auricular artery: arises from

A

posterior aspect of external carotid

41
Q

ascending pharyngeal artery: arises from

A

only medial branch of the external carotid

42
Q

lingual artery: arises from

A

branch of external carotid running deep to CN XII, posterior belly of digastric, and stylohyoid

43
Q

facial artery: arises from

A

is an anterior branch of the external carotid

44
Q

superior thyroid artery: arises from

A

is the most inferior anterior branch of the external carotid

45
Q

internal jugular vein: origin, path

A
  • starts at jugular foramen as continuation of sigmoid sinus
  • descends in carotid sheath
  • unites w/ subclavian to form brachiocephalic
46
Q

scalenes: attachments and functions

A
  • attach to tubercles of lower cervical vertebra, 1st and 2nd ribs
  • elevate ribs, flex neck laterally
47
Q

root of neck: inferior boundary

A
  • laterally by 1st ribs and costal cartilages
  • anteriorly by manubrium
  • posteriorly by body of T1
48
Q

divisions of subclavian artery based on anterior scalene

A
  • first part: medial
  • second part: posterior
  • third part: lateral
49
Q

vertebral artery: location

A
  • branch of first part of subclavian
  • passes through foramina of transverse processes of C1-C6, enters cranial cavity through foramen magnum
50
Q

internal thoracic artery: location

A

arises from anteroinferior part of subclavian artery

51
Q

thyrocervical trunk: location

A

arises from first part of subclavian

52
Q

costocervical trunk: location

A
  • arises from second part of subclavian artery
  • goes posterosuperior, divides into supreme intercostal and deep cervical arteries
53
Q

external jugular and variable anterior jugular vein: termination

A

in root of neck

54
Q

subclavian brain: location

A
  • continuation of axillary vein, beginning at lateral border of 1st rib
  • joins w/ IJV posterior to medial clavicle to form brachiocephalic vein
55
Q

vagus nerves: location

A

exit jugular foramen, pass inferiorly in neck within posterior part of carotid sheath in angle between IJV, common carotid

56
Q

venous angle

A

formed by IJV, subclavian vein, where thoracic duct and right lymphatic trunk drain lymph

57
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerves: location

A
  • arise from vagus nerve
  • right: loops inferior to subclavian artery
  • left: loops inferior to arch of aorta
58
Q

cervical portion of sympathetic trunks: contain

A
  • superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglia that receive presynaptic fibers by superior thoracic spinal nerves
59
Q

postsynaptic fibers going to cervical spinal nerves

A

via grey rami communicantes

60
Q

postsynaptic fibers going to thoracic viscera

A

via cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

61
Q

postsynaptic fibers going to head and neck

A

via cephalic arterial branches (sympathetic periarterial plexuses)

62
Q

thyroid location

A
  • deep to sternothyroid, sternohyoid from C5-T1
  • lobes unite anterior to 2nd, 3rd tracheal rings
63
Q

thyroid: blood supply

A
  • superior thyroid arteries: branches of external carotid
  • inferior thyroid arteries: branches of thyrocervical trunk
64
Q

thyroid: venous drainage

A

thyroid vein drains thyroid plexus of veins

65
Q

injury to external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

A

paralyzed cricothyroid

CA (7 decks)

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