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CA > upper extremity 1, 2 > Flashcards

upper extremity 1, 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the scapular spine separates

A

the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa
(posterior aspect)

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2
Q

the glenoid cavity articulates with

A

head of humerus (forms glenohumeral joint)

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3
Q

humerus: surgical neck vs anatomical neck

A

anatomical separates head from tubercles
surgical neck: inferior to tubercles

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4
Q

the condyle of the humerus is formed by:

A

anteriorly: coronoid fossa, capitulum, trochlea
posteriorly: olecranon fossa

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5
Q

flexion of elbow: which fossa receives which processes?

A

coronoid fossa of humerus receives coronoid process of ulna

radial fossa of humerus makes room for radial head

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6
Q

capitulum of humerus articulates with

A

radial head

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7
Q

extension of elbow: which fossa receives which process?

A

olecranon fossa of humerus receives olecranon process of ulna

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8
Q

dorsal tubercle: location, function

A

on radius, acts as pulley for long extensor thumb tendon

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9
Q

trochlear notch: formed by

A

olecranon and coronoid processes

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10
Q

radial notch: location, function

A

on ulna, articulates with radial head

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11
Q

radius vs. ulna: diameter

A

radius: diameter increases distally
ulna: diameter decreases distally

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12
Q

proximal carpals: lateral to medial

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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12
Q

distal carpals: lateral to medial

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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13
Q

lymphatic drainage of upper extremity: pathway

A

superficial: arise from lymphatic plexuses in fingers, palm, dorsum of hand
ascend with superficial veins
basilic: enter cubital lymph nodes, terminate in humeral axillary lymph nodes
cephalic: apical axillary lymph nodes

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14
Q

cephalic vein: pathway

A

ascends from lateral dorsal venous network
anterior to elbow: communicates with median cubital, passes obliquely across anterior elbow
joins basilic
superiorly: joins terminal aspect of axillary vein

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15
Q

basilic vein: pathway

A

ascends from medial
merges w/ accompanying veins of brachial artery, forms axillary vein

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16
Q

arteries: pathway from axillary

A

axillary, brachial
brachial splits into ulnar and radial
descends to palmar arches

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17
Q

periarticular cubital anastomosis: formed by

A

profunda brachii (branch of brachial artery) posterior to humerus

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18
Q

dermatome pattern

A

limbs grow as lateral protrusions, with digit one on cranial side
lateral = more cranial than medial

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19
Q

nerve damaged in surgical neck fracture

A

axillary

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20
Q

nerve damaged in spiral fracture of mid-humerus

A

radial nerve

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21
Q

nerve damaged in medial epicondyle fracture

A

ulnar nerve

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22
Q

nerve damaged in distal humeral fracture

A

median nerve

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23
Q

colles fracture: location, structures damaged

A

dorsally displaced distal radius
ulnar styloid avulsion

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24
Q

pectoralis major: innervation

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves
clavicular head (C5, C6)
sternocostal head (C7-T1)

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24
Q

scaphoid fracture: result

A

avascular necrosis

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24
Q

pectoralis major: function

A

shoulder adduction, rotation
clavicular head: flexes
sternocostal head: extends

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25
Q

pectoralis minor: function

A

stabilizes scapula by drawing anteriorly and inferiorly

26
Q

pec minor and coracoid process

A

form bridge for vessels and nerves

27
Q

deltopectoral triangle formed by:

A

pec major and clavicle

28
Q

deltopectoral groove formed by:

A

pec major, adjacent deltoid
for cephalic vein

29
Q

pec minor: innervation

A

medial (C8, T1) and lateral pectoral nerves

30
Q

subclavius innervation

A

subclavian nerve

31
Q

subclavius: function

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

32
Q

serratus anterior: functions

A

protraction and superior rotation of scapula

33
Q

serratus anterior: innervation

A

long thoracic (C5-C7)

34
Q

trapezius: functions

A

superior/descending: elevation
inferior/ascending: depression
superior rotation and retraction

35
Q

trapezius: innervations

A

spinal accessory (XI motor fibers)
C3, C4 spinal

36
Q

trapezius: attachments

A

medial third of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament
spinous processes of C7-T12
scapular spine, acromion

37
Q

latissimus dorsi: functions

A

extends, adducts, medially rotates shoulder
arms towards body when climbing

38
Q

latissimus dorsi: innervation

A

thoracodorsal

39
Q

latissimus dorsi: attachments

A

T6-T12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
intertubular sulcus of humerus

40
Q

levator scapulae: function

A

elevation of scapula, inferior rotation of glenoid cavity

41
Q

levator scapulae: innervation

A

dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3-C4) spinal nerves

42
Q

levator scapulae: attachments

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-C4
medial border of scapula, superior to spine

43
Q

rhomboid major and minor: functions

A

retracts scapula, inferior rotation of glenoid, fixes scapula to thoracic wall

44
Q

rhomboid major and minor: innervation

A

dorsal scapular (C4, C5)

45
Q

rhomboid major: attachments

A

spinous processes T2-T5, medial border of scapula

46
Q

rhomboid minor: attachments

A

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7, T1
medial end of scapular spine

47
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

48
Q

supraspinatus function

A

abducts arm

49
Q

infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis function

A

rotates humerus

50
Q

axillary artery: first portion branches

A

superior thoracic

51
Q

axillary artery: second portion branches

A

thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic

52
Q

axillary artery: third portion branches

A

subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral

53
Q

lymphatic drainage: apical lymph nodes

A

receive from axillary lymph nodes, drain into supraclavicular then subclavian trunk

54
Q

brachial plexus: formed by

A

anterior rami of C5-T1

55
Q

brachial plexus: supraclavicular branches

A

dorsal scapular, long thoracic, nerve to subclavius, suprascapular

56
Q

brachial plexus: infraclavicular branches

A

musculocutaneous, axillary, median, radial, ulnar

57
Q

brachial plexus: trunk division

A

superior, middle, inferior, each divide into anterior and posterior divisions

58
Q

brachial plexus: anterior and posterior division functions

A

anterior: flexors
posterior: extenders

59
Q

brachial plexus: cords named

A

for position in relation to axillary artery
lateral, posterior, medial

60
Q

brachial plexus: week 5 of development

A

ventral aspect of limb bud forms

61
Q

brachial plexus: later in week 5 of development

A

C5-T1 nerve roots merge, forming brachial plexus

62
Q

brachial plexus: terminal branches carry

A

fibers from original spinal nerves

63
Q

superior brachial plexus injury

A

increased neck-shoulder angle
superior stretching, rupture, avulsion from spinal cord

64
Q

waiter’s tip position

A

superior trunk injury
limb hangs by side in medial rotation

65
Q

erb-duchenne palsy

A

muscle paralysis supplied by C5, C6
adducted shoulder, medially rotated arm, extended elbow
loss of sensation

66
Q

klumpke paralysis

A

inferior trunk injury (C8, T1)
claw hand

CA (7 decks)

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