Thoracic Wall and Cavity

Question 1

Junction of manubrium and body of sternum

Answer 1

Sternal Angle (of Louis)
T4-T5

Question 2

Above manubrium (notch above the sternum)

Answer 2

Suprasternal (Jugular) notch

T2-T3

Question 3

Part of sternum at T9-T10

Answer 3

Xiphoid process

Question 4

Vertebral levels of root of the spine of scapula to inferior angle of scapula

Answer 4

T4-T8

Question 5

Borders of thoracic outlet

Answer 5

Xiphisternal joint - anterior
Costochondral junctions and 12th ribs - lateral
Body of T12 - posterior

Question 6

Borders of thoracic inlet

Answer 6

Top of manubrium - anterior
1st ribs - lateral
Body of T1 - posterior

Question 7

Costovertebral joint

Answer 7

Head of rib and vertebral body at and above its level

Question 8

Costotransverse joint

Answer 8

Tubercle of rib and transvers process of vertebra at its level

Question 9

Landmarks of rib (4)

Answer 9

Head - articulates with sup and inf vertebral bodies

Tubercle - articulates with transverse process of vertebra

Body/shaft - point of greatest curvature

Costal groove - protects intercostal NAV bundle

Question 10

What is found in the costal groove?

Answer 10

Intercostal Nerve
Posterior Intercostal Artery
Posterior Intercostal Vein

Question 11

Which nerve is found in the intercostal groove of the 12th rib?

Answer 11

Subcostal Nerve

Question 12

Costochondral joint

Answer 12

Between tip of rib and articular cartilage

No movement

Question 13

Sternocostal joint

Answer 13

articular cartilage of rib and sternum

1st rib is primary cartilaginous
Rest of the ribs are synovial plane-type joints

Question 14

Function of suspensory ligaments in breast

Answer 14

fibrous tissue to support lactiferous glands

Question 15

Where lactiferous ducts open

Answer 15

nipple

Question 16

How many lactiferous glands per breast?

Answer 16

~20

Question 17

Found between lactiferous glands and deep fascia covering the pectoral muscle.
Allows for movement and is where implants would go.

Answer 17

Retromammary space

Question 18

Arteries of the mammary gland (3)

veins follow same names

Answer 18

Pectoral borders of the Thoracoacromial Trunk
Lateral Thoracic Artery
Internal Thoracic Artery

Question 19

Lymph nodes of mammary gland (3)

Answer 19

Apical axillary nodes
Central axillary nodes
Parasternal nodes

Question 20

75% of lymph drainage from breast goes where?

Answer 20

Central axillary nodes

Question 21

Thoracic muscles that go down and in (V)

Answer 21

External Intercostals

Question 22

Thoracic muscles that up and in (A)

Answer 22

Internal and Innermost Intercostals

Question 23

External intercostal muscles does not make it to sternum - stops around __________ and becomes ___________

Answer 23

costochondral junction

external (anterior) membrane

Question 24

Internal intercostal does not make it to vertebrae - becomes ___________

Answer 24

internal (posterior) intercostal membrane

Question 25

Muscle found in 3rd layer (posteriorly) of intercostal space - cross more than one IC space and elevate the ribs

Answer 25

Subcostal muscle

Question 26

Muscle found in 3rd layer (anteriorly) of intercostal space near ribs 2-6 Depresses the ribs

Answer 26

Transversus thoracis

Question 27

Increases intrathoracic volume; decreases intrathoracic pressure

Answer 27

Inspiration

Question 28

Decreases intrathoracic volume; increases intrathoracic pressure

Answer 28

Expiration

Question 29

Principle muscles of inspiration (2)

Answer 29

External Intercostals Diaphragm

Question 30

Muscles of expiration in active breathing (2)

Answer 30

Internal intercostals abdominals

Question 31

80% of the time, expiration results from

Answer 31

passive, elastic recoil of the lungs, rib cage, and diaphragm (Quiet breathing)

Question 32

Anterior intercostal arteries branch from _________ and meet posterior intercostal arteries which branch from ________

Answer 32

Internal thoracic artery Aorta

Question 33

At 6th IC space, the internal thoracic artery branches into the ____________ which goes to the abdomen, and the ______________ which goes to diaphragm

Answer 33

Superior epigastric artery Musculophrenic artery

Question 34

Posterior intercostal veins branch from

Answer 34

Azygos vein

Question 35

Sensory nerves to abdomen; branches from T7 - T11

Answer 35

Thoracoabdominal Nerve

Question 36

Membrane lining thoracic cavity and lungs

Answer 36

Pleura - parietal (thoracic wall) - visceral (lungs)

Question 37

Four regions of parietal pleura

Answer 37

Cervical Costal Diaphragmatic Mediastinal

Question 38

Innervation of costal and cervical parietal pleura

Answer 38

local intercostal nerves

Question 39

Innervation of mediastinal parietal pleura

Answer 39

phrenic nerve

Question 40

Innervation of diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Answer 40

``` phrenic nerve (central) local intercostals (peripheral) ```

Question 41

Muscles attached internally to parietal pleura via

Answer 41

endothoracic fascia

Question 42

Parietal pleura that has no innervation

Answer 42

visceral

Question 43

Four signs of carcinoma in breast (result from pulling on suspensory ligaments)

Answer 43

Skin dimpling Abnormal contours Edema of skin Nipple retraction and deviation