Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

muscular part of the diaphragm converges at the

Answer 1

central tendon

Question 2

chief muscle of inspiration

Answer 2

diaphragm

Question 3

3 parts of diaphragm

Answer 3

Right dome
Left dome
Right and left crus

Question 4

strips of muscle that help give integrity to the holes in the diaphragm

Answer 4

left and right crus

Question 5

right crus loops around the _____ _____

Answer 5

esophageal hiatus

Question 6

3 main openings in diaphragm

Answer 6

Caval opening (T8)
Esophageal hiatus (T10)
Aortic hiatus (T12)

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

Question 7

What goes through caval opening?

Answer 7

vena cava

Question 8

What goes through aortic hiatus?

Answer 8

aorta
azygos vein
thoracic duct

Question 9

Motor supply to diaphragm is from

Answer 9

Left and right phrenic nerves

C3, C4, C5 keeps the diaphragm alive!

Question 10

central sensory supply to diaphragm is from

Answer 10

phrenic nerves

Question 11

peripheral sensory supply to diaphragm is from

Answer 11

intercostal and subcostal nerves

Question 12

Muscles of posterior wall (3-4)

Answer 12

Psoas major
- Psoas minor
Quadratus Lumborum
Iliacus

Question 13

Iliacus and Psoas major combine to have a single insertion through the _____

Answer 13

Iliopsoas

Question 14

Iliopsoas inserts on

Answer 14

lesser trocanter of femur

Question 15

Borders of quadratus lumborum

Answer 15

superior - diaphragm
inferior - iliac crest
medial - psoas major
lateral - lateral margin

Question 16

function of kidneys

Answer 16

remove excess water, salts, and wastes

Question 17

position of kidneys

Answer 17

between T12 and L3, near ribs 11 and 12

Question 18

Contents of the renal hilum

Answer 18

renal pelvis/ureter
renal vein
renal artery

Question 19

tightly adhered to kidney and continuous with the vessels entering and exiting the kidney

Answer 19

fibrous renal capsule

Question 20

attaches kidney to posterior abdominal wall

Answer 20

renal fascia

Question 21

prevents the spread of infections within the kidney

Answer 21

perirenal fat

Question 22

mainly posterior and serves as cushion/protection for kidney

Answer 22

pararenal fat

Question 23

Two main parts of renal tissue

Answer 23

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Question 24

Two parts of renal medulla

Answer 24

Renal pyramids

Renal papilla

Question 25

Renal papilla opens into successive sets of

Answer 25

calices (minor --> major)

Question 26

funnels trying to get the urine from each renal papilla to one place (renal pelvis)

Answer 26

calices

Question 27

renal arteries are branches of

Answer 27

abdominal aorta

Question 28

sit on top of kidneys and enclosed by renal fascia

Answer 28

suprarenal (adrenal) glands

Question 29

adrenal cortex secretes

Answer 29

corticosteroids and androgens

Question 30

adrenal medulla secretes

Answer 30

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 31

3 arteries and 1 vein that supply each adrenal gland

Answer 31

superior adrenal arteries inferior adrenal arteries middle adrenal arteries adrenal vein

Question 32

superior adrenal arteries branch from

Answer 32

inferior phrenic artery

Question 33

middle adrenal artery branches from

Answer 33

abdominal aorta

Question 34

inferior adrenal artery branches form

Answer 34

renal artery

Question 35

adrenal vein empties into

Answer 35

renal vein

Question 36

branches of abdominal aorta (9)

Answer 36

``` Inferior phrenic arteries Middle suprarenal arteries (L/R) Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery Renal arteries (L/R) Gonadal arteries (L/R) Lumbar arteries (L/R) Common iliac arteries (L/R) - median sacral artery ```

Question 37

How many (typically) lumbar arteries branching from each side of aorta?

Answer 37

4

Question 38

abdominal aorta bifurcates into

Answer 38

common iliac arteries | median sacral artery (straight down)

Question 39

Veins that empty into IVC (7)

Answer 39

``` Hepatic Inferior phrenic Suprarenal veins (L/R) Renal veins (L/R) Gonadal veins (L/R) - left gonadal empties into left renal Lumbar veins (L/R) Common Iliac veins (L/R) ```

Question 40

left gonadal vein empties into _______ | right gonadal vein empties into ______

Answer 40

Left renal vein IVC

Question 41

Nerves of posterior abdominal wall | Some Indian Ink Lasts For Generations Or Longer

Answer 41

``` Subcostal (T12) Iliohypogastric (L1) Ilioinguinal (L1) Lateral cutaneous of thigh (L2, L3) Femoral (L2-L4) Genitofemoral (L1, L2) Obturator (L2-L4) Lumbosacral (L4-L5) ```

Question 42

when wall of aorta is weak and prone to rupture

Answer 42

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 43

loin to groin pain indicates

Answer 43

renal calculus (kidney stone)