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Advanced Anatomy > Lungs and Mediastinum > Flashcards

Lungs and Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Trachea begins at ____ and divides at ______

A

C6

Sternal Angle (T4-T5)

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2
Q

Which primary bronchus is longer and thinner (5 cm) and which is shorter and wider (2.5 cm)?

A

Longer - Left

Shorter - Right

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3
Q

Most common location of aspirated foreign bodies

A

Right primary bronchus

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4
Q

Name of place where trachea bifurcates and “cough” reflex is

A

Carina

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5
Q

Right primary bronchus passes inferior to

A

Azygos vein

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6
Q

Left primary bronchus passes inferior to

A

Aortic arch

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7
Q

Lungs are covered by ________ and separated from parietal pleura by ________ in the _________

A

Visceral pleura

Pleural fluid

Pleural cavity

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8
Q

Helps reduce friction when breathing

A

pleural fluid

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9
Q

potential pleural space - inferior and lateral

A

costodiaphragmatic recess(es)

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10
Q

Lobes and fissures of right lung

A 
Lobes:
    - Superior
    - Middle 
    - Inferior
Fissures:
    - Oblique
    - Horizontal (aka secondary or transverse)
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11
Q

Lobes and fissures of left lung

A 
Lobes:
     - Superior
     - Inferior
Fissures:
     - oblique
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12
Q

Lingula is formed by the ______ ______ in the ______ lobe of the _______ lung

A

Cardiac notch
Superior
Left

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13
Q

Surfaces of the lung (4)

A

Cervical
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

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14
Q

The root of the lung contains (7)

A 
Pulmonary ligament
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Bronchial arteries and veins
Bronchus
Nerves
Lymphatics
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15
Q

Depress of lung where root structures enter/exit

A

Hilum

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16
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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18
Q

In the right lung, the pulmonary artery is _______ to the bronchus

A

Anterior

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19
Q

In the left lung, the pulmonary artery is _______ to the bronchus

A

Superior

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20
Q

The bronchial arteries are branches of the ______ _______.

The right has _____ and the left has _____ (______ and ______)

A

Thoracic aorta
One
Two (Superior and Inferior)

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21
Q

In respiratory tree, the trachea and vessels divide into:

A

Primary bronchi –> Secondary/Lobar bronchi –> Tertiary/Segmental bronchi

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22
Q

Tertiary/Segmental bronchi each from a _________ ________, which contains (3) _____, ______, ______

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

Its own artery, vein, and 3* bronchus

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23
Q

The surgical unit of the lung

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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24
Q

The pulmonary plexus is made of (3)

A

PANS
SANS
visceral afferents

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25
vasoconstrictors and bronchodilators (lots of oxygen & inhibit mucus secretion)
Sympathetics
26
vasodilators, bronchoconstrictors, secretomotor, and afferents (more mucus secretion - less oxygen/more blood)
Parasympathetics
27
Cough reflex is found
around the carina - irritant receptor
28
Respiratory control is done by
stretch receptors in the bronchial tree
29
Touch and pain are controlled by
nerves in the respiratory epithelium
30
Superficial lymph plexus is found
within visceral pleura
31
Deep lymph plexus is found _______ and drains into _________
within the lining of the bronchi tracheobronchial/carinal nodes
32
Lymph nodes of lungs (4)
Superior tracheobronchial Pulmonary Inferior tracheobronchial Bronchopulmonary (Hilar)
33
Lymph vessels of lungs (3)
Right lymphatic trunk Bronchomediastinal trunks Thoracic Duct
34
Thick partition of tissue in and on each side of the media plane
Mediastinum
35
space between the two pleural sacs which contains all the structures of the thorax except the lungs and pleura, includes heart and pericardium
Mediastinum
36
Divisions of mediastinum
``` Superior Inferior - Anterior - Middle - Posterior ```
37
Mediastinum divides into superior and inferior at the _____ ______
Sternal angle
38
There ___ brachiocephalic VEINS and ____ brachiocephalic ARTERY
2 1
39
Branches of aortic arch
Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left subclavian
40
Vagus nerves like directly lateral to the
carotid arteries
41
Phrenic nerve originate from ___ ___ ___ and innervate the ________
C4, C5, C6 diaphragm
42
The brachiocephalic veins (R and L) drain into the
Superior vena cava
43
which brachiocephalic vein is longer?
left
44
Lies in posterior manubrium, superior to the heart. | Regresses to fat and is only ~10% functioning in adulthood.
Thymus
45
Branch of vagus nerve that goes under aortic arch and back up to larynx
Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
46
Where can you find the thoracic duct?
"Duck between two gooses" abdomen up to thorax between the azygos vein and the esophagus
47
Inferior mediastinum is separated into
Anterior Middle Posterior
48
Middle, inferior mediastinum contains the
pericardium and heart | phrenic nerves
49
Branches of the descending aorta
``` Left: - Posterior intercostal arteries - superior phrenic artery (last branch) Right: - Right bronchial artery - esophageal arteries ```
50
The thoracic duct travels from the _______ _______, which is just below the diaphragm
Cisterna chyli
51
Located or right side of body Main vein of posterior thoracic wall Drains into IVC and SVC
Azygos vein
52
Superior branch of azygos vein Drain 4th - 8th IC spaces Crosses to azygos at T7/T8
Accessory hemiazygos
53
Inferior branch of azygos vein Drains 9th - 11th IC spaces Crosses to azygos at ~T9 (varies IRL)
Hemiazygos
54
Drain the left side of the posterior thoracic wall
Accessory hemiazygos and Hemiazygos veins
55
Restrictions of esophagus (2)
Bronchial and aortic Diaphragmatic
56
Nerves of mediastinum (3 groups)
Esophageal plexus - Includes Vagus Nerve (CN X) Aortic plexus Thoracic splanchnic nerves - Greater - chain ganglia T5 - T9 - Lesser - chain ganglia T10 - T11 - Least - chain ganglia T12
57
Lymph nodes of mediastinum (3)
Posterior mediastinal Intercostal Diaphragmatic
58
Alectasis
lung collapse
59
Pneumothorax
entry of air into pleural cavity
60
Pleural effusion
fluid between lungs and chest ("water on the lungs") | - compresses lungs
61
Pulmonary embolism
blockage of pulmonary artery

Advanced Anatomy (13 decks)

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