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Advanced Anatomy > Lungs and Mediastinum > Flashcards

Lungs and Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Trachea begins at ____ and divides at ______

A

C6

Sternal Angle (T4-T5)

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2
Q

Which primary bronchus is longer and thinner (5 cm) and which is shorter and wider (2.5 cm)?

A

Longer - Left

Shorter - Right

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3
Q

Most common location of aspirated foreign bodies

A

Right primary bronchus

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4
Q

Name of place where trachea bifurcates and “cough” reflex is

A

Carina

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5
Q

Right primary bronchus passes inferior to

A

Azygos vein

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6
Q

Left primary bronchus passes inferior to

A

Aortic arch

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7
Q

Lungs are covered by ________ and separated from parietal pleura by ________ in the _________

A

Visceral pleura

Pleural fluid

Pleural cavity

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8
Q

Helps reduce friction when breathing

A

pleural fluid

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9
Q

potential pleural space - inferior and lateral

A

costodiaphragmatic recess(es)

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10
Q

Lobes and fissures of right lung

A 
Lobes:
    - Superior
    - Middle 
    - Inferior
Fissures:
    - Oblique
    - Horizontal (aka secondary or transverse)
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11
Q

Lobes and fissures of left lung

A 
Lobes:
     - Superior
     - Inferior
Fissures:
     - oblique
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12
Q

Lingula is formed by the ______ ______ in the ______ lobe of the _______ lung

A

Cardiac notch
Superior
Left

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13
Q

Surfaces of the lung (4)

A

Cervical
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

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14
Q

The root of the lung contains (7)

A 
Pulmonary ligament
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Bronchial arteries and veins
Bronchus
Nerves
Lymphatics
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15
Q

Depress of lung where root structures enter/exit

A

Hilum

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16
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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18
Q

In the right lung, the pulmonary artery is _______ to the bronchus

A

Anterior

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19
Q

In the left lung, the pulmonary artery is _______ to the bronchus

A

Superior

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20
Q

The bronchial arteries are branches of the ______ _______.

The right has _____ and the left has _____ (______ and ______)

A

Thoracic aorta
One
Two (Superior and Inferior)

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21
Q

In respiratory tree, the trachea and vessels divide into:

A

Primary bronchi –> Secondary/Lobar bronchi –> Tertiary/Segmental bronchi

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22
Q

Tertiary/Segmental bronchi each from a _________ ________, which contains (3) _____, ______, ______

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

Its own artery, vein, and 3* bronchus

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23
Q

The surgical unit of the lung

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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24
Q

The pulmonary plexus is made of (3)

A

PANS
SANS
visceral afferents

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25
Q

vasoconstrictors and bronchodilators (lots of oxygen & inhibit mucus secretion)

A

Sympathetics

26
Q

vasodilators, bronchoconstrictors, secretomotor, and afferents (more mucus secretion - less oxygen/more blood)

A

Parasympathetics

27
Q

Cough reflex is found

A

around the carina - irritant receptor

28
Q

Respiratory control is done by

A

stretch receptors in the bronchial tree

29
Q

Touch and pain are controlled by

A

nerves in the respiratory epithelium

30
Q

Superficial lymph plexus is found

A

within visceral pleura

31
Q

Deep lymph plexus is found _______ and drains into _________

A

within the lining of the bronchi

tracheobronchial/carinal nodes

32
Q

Lymph nodes of lungs (4)

A

Superior tracheobronchial
Pulmonary
Inferior tracheobronchial
Bronchopulmonary (Hilar)

33
Q

Lymph vessels of lungs (3)

A

Right lymphatic trunk
Bronchomediastinal trunks
Thoracic Duct

34
Q

Thick partition of tissue in and on each side of the media plane

A

Mediastinum

35
Q

space between the two pleural sacs which contains all the structures of the thorax except the lungs and pleura, includes heart and pericardium

A

Mediastinum

36
Q

Divisions of mediastinum

A 
Superior
Inferior
    - Anterior
    - Middle 
    - Posterior
37
Q

Mediastinum divides into superior and inferior at the _____ ______

A

Sternal angle

38
Q

There ___ brachiocephalic VEINS and ____ brachiocephalic ARTERY

A

2

1

39
Q

Branches of aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic

Left common carotid

Left subclavian

40
Q

Vagus nerves like directly lateral to the

A

carotid arteries

41
Q

Phrenic nerve originate from ___ ___ ___ and innervate the ________

A

C4, C5, C6

diaphragm

42
Q

The brachiocephalic veins (R and L) drain into the

A

Superior vena cava

43
Q

which brachiocephalic vein is longer?

A

left

44
Q

Lies in posterior manubrium, superior to the heart.

Regresses to fat and is only ~10% functioning in adulthood.

A

Thymus

45
Q

Branch of vagus nerve that goes under aortic arch and back up to larynx

A

Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

46
Q

Where can you find the thoracic duct?

A

“Duck between two gooses”

abdomen up to thorax between the azygos vein and the esophagus

47
Q

Inferior mediastinum is separated into

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

48
Q

Middle, inferior mediastinum contains the

A

pericardium and heart

phrenic nerves

49
Q

Branches of the descending aorta

A 
Left:
    - Posterior intercostal arteries
    - superior phrenic artery (last branch)
Right:
    - Right bronchial artery
    - esophageal arteries
50
Q

The thoracic duct travels from the _______ _______, which is just below the diaphragm

A

Cisterna chyli

51
Q

Located or right side of body
Main vein of posterior thoracic wall
Drains into IVC and SVC

A

Azygos vein

52
Q

Superior branch of azygos vein
Drain 4th - 8th IC spaces
Crosses to azygos at T7/T8

A

Accessory hemiazygos

53
Q

Inferior branch of azygos vein
Drains 9th - 11th IC spaces
Crosses to azygos at ~T9 (varies IRL)

A

Hemiazygos

54
Q

Drain the left side of the posterior thoracic wall

A

Accessory hemiazygos and Hemiazygos veins

55
Q

Restrictions of esophagus (2)

A

Bronchial and aortic

Diaphragmatic

56
Q

Nerves of mediastinum (3 groups)

A

Esophageal plexus
- Includes Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Aortic plexus
Thoracic splanchnic nerves
- Greater - chain ganglia T5 - T9
- Lesser - chain ganglia T10 - T11
- Least - chain ganglia T12

57
Q

Lymph nodes of mediastinum (3)

A

Posterior mediastinal
Intercostal
Diaphragmatic

58
Q

Alectasis

A

lung collapse

59
Q

Pneumothorax

A

entry of air into pleural cavity

60
Q

Pleural effusion

A

fluid between lungs and chest (“water on the lungs”)

- compresses lungs

61
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of pulmonary artery

Advanced Anatomy (13 decks)

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