Anterior Abdominal Wall & Inguinal Region

Question 1

upper part of abdomen, formed by ribs 8,9,10 getting togetehr

Answer 1

Subcostal margin

Question 2

Defect in linea alba; where all layers of the anteriolateral abdominal wall fuse

Answer 2

Umbilicus

Question 3

running vertically along entire length of abdominal wall; transmits small vessels and nerves to the skin

Answer 3

Linea alba

Question 4

curved tendon on either side of the rectus abdominis

Answer 4

Linea semilunaris

Question 5

Where abdominal muscle and sheath fold over

Answer 5

Inguinal fold

Question 6

Lines of orientation of abdominal wall

Answer 6

Median plane

Transumbilical

Question 7

Quadrants of ab wall

Answer 7

RUQ - liver and gallbladder
LUQ - stomach and spleen
RLQ - cecum and appendix
LLQ - sigmoid colon

Question 8

Superficial fascia of abdominal wall

Answer 8

Camper’s fascia

Scarpa’s fascia

Question 9

Superficial fatty layer of fascia

Answer 9

Camper’s Fascia

Question 10

Deep membranous layer of fascia that lays over top of ab muscles

Answer 10

Scarpa’s fascia

Question 11

Four bilaterally paired muscles of abdominal wall

Answer 11

External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

Question 12

Most superficial of abdominal muscles

produces inguinal ligament

Answer 12

External abdominal oblique

Question 13

Intermediate layer of abdominal muscles
Male-Cremaster muscle
Conjoint tendon with transversus abdominus

Answer 13

Internal abdominal oblique

Question 14

Conjoint tendon with internal abdominal oblique

deepest layer of abdominal muscles

Answer 14

Transversus abdominis

Question 15

Long strap-like muscle with tendinous intersections that are attached to and covered by rectus sheath

Answer 15

Rectus abdominis

Question 16

Fiber orientation of external oblique

Answer 16

V

Question 17

fiber orientation of internal oblique

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Two muscles that make the conjoint tendon

Answer 18

internal oblique

transversus abdominus

Question 19

internal oblique is continuous with _______ _______ in males

Answer 19

Cremaster muscle

Question 20

conjoint tendon extends to ________ ________

Answer 20

pubic tubercle

Question 21

All 3 flat muscles end anteriorly with an _________, the midline of which forms the tough ________ ________.
Aponeuroses form ______ ______ which goes from xyphoid process to pubic symphysis

Answer 21

Aponeurosis

Rectus sheath

Linea alba

Question 22

Demarcates the transition between the posterior rectus sheath covering the superior 3/4 of the rectus abdominis and the transversalis fascia covering the inferior 1/4

Answer 22

Arcuate line

Question 23

ABOVE arcuate line, tendon of ________ ________ splits to enclose rectus abdominis

Answer 23

internal oblique

Question 24

BELOW the arcuate line, the only thing going behind the rectus abdominis is the _______ ________

Answer 24

Transversalis fascia

Question 25

Innervates the umbilicus

Answer 25

T10

Question 26

Two nerves from L1

Answer 26

Ilioinguinal | Iliohypogastric

Question 27

Blood supply of abdominal wall (4)

Answer 27

Superior epigastric artery Inferior epigastric artery Posterior intercostal arteries Subcostal artery

Question 28

Terminal branch of Internal thoracic artery

Answer 28

superior epigastric artery

Question 29

Branch of external iliac artery

Answer 29

Inferior epigastric artery

Question 30

Innervation of skin and muscles of abdominal wall

Answer 30

Inferior 6 intercostal nervers (T6-T11) + lateral and anterior cutaneous branches and thoracoabdominal nerves Subcostal nerve (T12) Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

Question 31

Inferior most part of the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 31

Inguinal ligament

Question 32

Inferomedial passageway through inferior part of anterior abdominal wall Potential site for hernias

Answer 32

Inguinal canal

Question 33

Contents of inguinal canal

Answer 33

Spermatic cord (Males Round ligament of uterus (Female) Ilioinguinal nerve Blood and lymphatics

Question 34

Entrance into and out of the inguinal canal

Answer 34

inguinal rings

Question 35

Internal opening of inguinal canal is the _____ _____ _____ External opening of the inguinal canal is the ____ _____ _____

Answer 35

Deep inguinal ring Superficial inguinal ring

Question 36

protrusion of parietal peritoneum and viscera through opening in abdominal cavity

Answer 36

Inguinal hernia

Question 37

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 37

hernial sac passes medial to inferior epigastric artery pushes forward into inguinal triangle typically acquired

Question 38

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 38

hernial sac passes lateral to the inferior epigastric artery pushes into the deep inguinal ring traverses the inguinal canal typically congenital

Question 39

Hasselbach's triangle is made by:

Answer 39

rectus abdominis inferior epigastric vessels inguinal ligament

Question 40

Fetal testes descend in weeks __ - __

Answer 40

9 - 12

Question 41

Gubernaculum

Answer 41

attaches to the gonads, in males it pulls the testes from the abdomen through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum

Question 42

Processus vaginalis

Answer 42

outpouching of peritoneum; layers of abdominal pulled down with testes

Question 43

Contents of spermatic cord

Answer 43

Testicular artery Pampiniform Plexus of Veins - cools blood Ductus deferens

Question 44

Coverings of spermatic cord - relation to abdominal wall structures

Answer 44

Internal spermatic fascia - Transversalis fascia Cremaster muscle and fascia - internal oblique External spermatic fascia - external oblique

Question 45

Layers of scrotum

Answer 45

Skin Dartos fascia (and Dartos muscle)

Question 46

causes scrotum to wrinkle when cold

Answer 46

Dartos muscle

Question 47

Pouch of serous membrane covering testes; remnant from peritoneal lining

Answer 47

Tunica vaginalis

Question 48

located on superior and posterolateral surface of the testes

Answer 48

epididymis

Question 49

tail of epididymis becomes the

Answer 49

ductus (vas) deferens

Question 50

due to the binding of the gubernaculum to the uterus in females, the female develops

Answer 50

Ovarian ligament | Round ligament of the uterus

Question 51

ductus deferens is bilaterally ligated; can be cauterized or tied

Answer 51

Vasectomy

Question 52

veins of pampiniform plexus become varicose

Answer 52

Varicocele

Question 53

Skin of abdominal wall become which layer in spermatic cord?

Answer 53

Skin (scrotum)

Question 54

Scarpa's fascia becomes which layer in spermatic cord?

Answer 54

Dartos muscle/fascia (scrotum)

Question 55

External oblique becomes which layer in spermatic cord?

Answer 55

External spermatic fascia

Question 56

Internal oblique becomes which layer in spermatic cord?

Answer 56

Cremaster muscle and fascia

Question 57

Transversalis fascia becomes which layer in spermatic cord?

Answer 57

Internal spermatic fascia

Question 58

Peritoneum becomes which layer in spermatic cord?

Answer 58

Tunica vaginalis