Embryology of the Heart

Question 1

Heart begins to beat around ______ days

Answer 1

22-23

Question 2

Angioblastic cords form in week ___ in the cardiogenic area, which is at the ________ end of the embryo

Answer 2

3; cranial

Question 3

Angioblastic cords canalize to _____________

Which fold to _____________

Answer 3

2 endocardial tubes

1 heart tube

Question 4

5 dilations that appear at 22 days (caudal to cranial)

Answer 4

Sinus venosus
Atrium
Ventricle
Bulbus cordis
Truncus arteriosus

Question 5

Faster growth of ________ & __________ leads to folding of the heart tube/heart

Answer 5

ventricles and bulbus cordis

Question 6

Bend at junction of bulbus cordis and primitive ventricle

Answer 6

Bulboventricular loop

Question 7

Blood flow through primitive heart BEFORE partitioning

Answer 7

sinus venosus -> primordial atrium -> atrioventricular canal -> primordial ventricle -> bulbus cordis -> truncus arteriosus -> aortic sac -> aortic arches

Question 8

Sinus venosus remains as

Answer 8

coronary sinus & smooth inflow of RA

Question 9

Primordial atrium remains as

Answer 9

Left auricle and rough part of RA

Question 10

bulbus cordis remains as

Answer 10

conus arteriosus (RV) and aortic vestibule (LV)

Question 11

Truncus arteriosus remains as

Answer 11

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 12

first hole between R and L atrium

Answer 12

foramen primum

Question 13

second hole between R and L atrium

Answer 13

foramen secundum

Question 14

In utero, blood is allowed to be shunted from R to L. This happens through the _________

Answer 14

foramen ovale

Question 15

After birth, typically with the first breath, the ____________ gets smashed up against the septum secundum, forming the ___________

Answer 15

Septum primum

Fossa ovalis

Question 16

Remnants of the primitive atrium remain as the _______ _______

Answer 16

pectinate muscle

Question 17

Remnants of the right sinus venosus remain as the ________ _________

Answer 17

sinus venarum

Question 18

Pectinate muscle and Sinus venarum meet to form the _______ ___________

Answer 18

Crista terminalis

Question 19

Remnants of the left sinus venosus remain as the _________ _________

Answer 19

coronary sinus

Question 20

Most of left atrium in adult is formed by the _______ ________. The _____ _________ is the only remnant of the primitive atrium

Answer 20

pulmonary veins; left auricle

Question 21

The membranous portion of the interventricular septum is formed by (2)

Answer 21

right endocardial cushion

aorticopulmonary septum

Question 22

Bulbar ridges and Truncal ridges fuse to form the _________ __________

Answer 22

aorticopulmonary septum

Question 23

Develop as swellings of endocardial cushions surrounding the AV canals

Answer 23

Atrioventricular valves

Question 24

Develop from three swellings of subendocardial tissue at the junction between the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus

Answer 24

Semilunar valves

Question 25

Formation of the outflow tracts occurs during week __ and involves formation of the _______ ________ which undergoes 180 degree spiraling

Answer 25

5; aorticopulmonary septum

Question 26

Umbilical vein remains as

Answer 26

Round ligament of liver

Question 27

Ductus venosus remains as

Answer 27

ligamentum venosum

Question 28

foramen ovale remains as

Answer 28

fossa ovalis

Question 29

ductus arteriosus remains as

Answer 29

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 30

umbilical arteries remain as

Answer 30

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 31

Four anomalies that make Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 31

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular Septal Defect
Overriding/transposed aorta (over VSD)
Right ventricular hypertrophy