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Advanced Anatomy > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum of abdominal cavity (2)

A

Parietal - sensitive to pain and pain can be localized

Visceral - pain is poorly localized

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2
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

completely covered by visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

outside of peritoneal cavity; partially covered with peritoneum usually on one surface

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4
Q

Intraperitoneal organs (7)

A 
liver
spleen
stomach
transverse colon
cecum
small intestine
sigmoid colon
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5
Q

Retroperitoneal organs (4)

A

pancreas
duodenum
ascending colon
descending colon

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6
Q

Retroperitoneal structures (SAD PUCKER)

A 
Suprarenal gland
Aorta (and IVC)
Duodenum (2 and 3)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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7
Q

Spaces in peritoneal cavity (3)

A

Greater sac - main and larger part of cavity

Lesser sac (Omental bursa) - lies posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

Omental foramen - posterior on free edge of lesser omentum

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8
Q

Folds of peritoneum

A

Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Mesentary
Mesocolon

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9
Q

“fatty apron”

Double-layered extension of peritoneum extending off the greater curvature of the stomach

A

Greater omentum

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10
Q

connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the liver
(aka Gastrohepatic ligament)

A

Lesser omentum

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11
Q

Two folds of parietal peritoneum associated with small intestine

A

Mesentary

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12
Q

Fold of peritoneum associated with transvers and sigmoid colon

A

Mesocolon

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13
Q

provide route for neurovasculature to reach intestines

A

Mesentary and Mesocolon

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14
Q

Abdominal organs (8)

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
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15
Q

3 constrictions of esophagus

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

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16
Q

Food passes rapidly through esophagus due to ______ ______

A

peristaltic action

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17
Q

The “final door” between esophagus and stomach

A

inferior esophageal sphincter

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18
Q

where the esophagus pierces the diaphragm

In the right crus of diaphragm

A

esophageal hiatus

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19
Q

Where is the esophagogastric junction?

A

passes through the tip of the xiphoid process

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20
Q

Parts of stomach (6)

A 
Cardia 
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
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21
Q

Areas of pyloris (4)

A

Pyloric antrum - wide part at top
Pyloric canal - narrow part
Pyloric orifice - opening into duodenum
Pyloric sphincter - controls flow of stomach contents into duodenum

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22
Q

What’s the Z-line?

A

The abrupt transition of mucosa between esophagus and stomach

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23
Q

What is chyme?

A

gastric juice + partially digested food that leaves the stomach

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24
Q

Gastric rugae

A

folds of gastric mucosa

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25
Q

primary site for absorption of nutrients from ingested materials

A

small intestine

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26
Q

3 divisions of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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27
Q

first and shortest part of small intestine
widest and most fixed part
C-shaped around of head of pancreas

A

duodenum

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28
Q

Bile and main pancreatic ducts enter the posterior wall of the

A

duodenum

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29
Q

ducts at duodenum join to form the ________ ________ which opens at the _______ ______ _____ (or the ampulla of Vater)

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

major duodenal papilla

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30
Q

Proximal part of duodenum receives blood from ____

Distal part of duodenum receives blood from _____

A

celiac trunk

superior mesenteric artery

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31
Q

Where accessory pancreatic duct opens in duodenum

A

Minor duodenal papilla

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32
Q

begins and duodenojejunal flexure

most lies in LUQ of the infracolic compartment

A

Jejunum

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33
Q

ends at ileocecal junction

most lies in RLQ

A

Ileum

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34
Q

blood supply to jejunum and ileum

A

superior mesenteric artery

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35
Q

small arteries that go straight to small intestine are called ______ _______ and branch from loops called ______ ______

A

vasa recta

arterial arcades

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36
Q

site where water is absorbed from the indigestible residue of the liquid chyme which converts it into stool or feces

A

large intestine (colon)

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37
Q

Parts of large intestine (7)

A 
cecum
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
rectum
anal canal
38
Q

Four differences between LI and SI

A

Omental appendices

Three teniae coli

Haustra

Increase in diameter

39
Q

globs of fat and omentum hanging from colon

A

omental appendices

40
Q

bands of longitudinal smooth muscle along colon

A

teniae coli

41
Q

pouches made by teniae coli

42
Q

first part of large intestine
begins at ileocecal valve
has no mesentary

43
Q

hangs off the cecum
commonly projects posterior
mass of lymphoid tissue

44
Q

passes along right side of body

turns left at the right colic flexure/hepatic flexure

A

ascending colon

45
Q

passes transversely across body

bends at the left colic flexure/splenic flexure

A

transverse colon

46
Q

passes along left side of body

A

descending colon

47
Q

S-shaped loop of colon (variable length)

A

sigmoid colon

48
Q

_____________ supplies blood to LI before left colic flexure

_____________ supplies blood to LI (hindgut) after the left colic flexure

A

Superior mesenteric artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

49
Q

fixed after the sigmoid colon
last 15 -17 cm
continuous with anal canal

50
Q

Most vulnerable abdominal organ

Largest lymphatic organ

Produces lymphocytes, removes RBCs, destroys old platelets

Most mobile organ

51
Q

largest branch of celiac trunk and blood supply to spleen

A

splenic artery

52
Q

3 areas of spleen

A

gastric
renal
colic

53
Q

Retroperitoneal organ that lays behind stomach

54
Q

Ducts of pancreas

A

Main - joins common bile duct to from hepatopancreatic ampulla and enters duodenum at major duodenal papilla

Accessory - opens into duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla

55
Q

Produces bile continuously

one of largest abdominal organs

56
Q

Ligaments of liver (5)

A 
Falciform ligament
Round ligament
Coronary ligament
Ligamentum venosum
Triangular ligament
57
Q

Extends between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall

Separates right and left lobes

A

Falciform ligament

58
Q

Remnant of umbilical vein

A

Round ligament

59
Q

Connects liver to diaphragm

A

coronary ligament

60
Q

fibrous remnant of ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

61
Q

extends from edges of liver to diaphragm

A

triangular ligament

62
Q

area of liver that lies in direct contact with diaphragm

63
Q

_______ lobe is larger than the _____ lobe

A

Right

Left

64
Q

Two smaller lobes of the liver (found on right lobe)

A

Caudate lobe - gives rise to tail; next to IVC

Quadrate lobe - four sides; next to gallbladder

65
Q

Contents of the portal triad

A

portal vein
bile duct
hepatic artery

66
Q

Brings 75-80% of blood from abdomen through the liver

Made by junction of superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

A

portal vein

67
Q

Stores and concentrates bile

A

Gallbladder

68
Q

How bile gets from liver to gallbladder and out into intestines

A

Biliary sytem

69
Q

connection between gallbladder and common bile duct

A

cystic duct

70
Q

released intermittently from gallbladder when fat enters the duodenum

71
Q

ducts that come from the lobes of the liver and join to make the common hepatic duct

A

right hepatic duct

left hepatic duct

72
Q

common hepatic duct and cystic duct join to make the _____ ______ _______

A

common bile duct

73
Q

Three main arteries that supply the abdomen (branch from descending aorta)

A

Celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

74
Q

3 branches of celiac trunk

A

left gastric artery

splenic artery

common hepatic artery

75
Q

Branch of splenic artery

A

Left gastroepiploic artery (gastroomental)

76
Q

Branches of common hepatic artery

A 
Right gastric
Hepatic 
      - Left hepatic
      - Right hepatic
Gastroduodenal
      - Right gastroepiploic (gastroomental)
77
Q

Branches of superior mesenteric artery (4)

A

Jejunal and Ileal arteries

Ileocolic artery - diagonal towards ileum/colon junction

Right colic artery - towards ascending colon

Middle colic artery - towards transverse colon

78
Q

Branches of jejunal and ileal arteries (2)

A

vasa recta

arterial arcades

79
Q

Branches of inferior mesenteric artery (3)

A

Left colic artery - to descending colon

Sigmoidal artery

Superior rectal artery

80
Q

Made by junction of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

A

Hepatic portal vein

81
Q

Venous blood supply of abdomen (3)

A

Hepatic portal vein

Inferior vena cava

Portal/Systemic (Caval) Anastamosis

82
Q

Notable porto-systemic anastamoses (5)

A

lower 1/3 of esophagus **

paraumbilical **

upper end of anal canal **

retroperitoneal

bare area of liver

83
Q

Dilated collecting chamber of lymph from below the diaphragm

Beginning of thoracic duct

A

Cisterna Chyli

84
Q

Nodes draining into cisterna chyli (7)

associated with arteries/veins

A 
celiac
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric
aortic
common iliac
external iliac
internal iliac
85
Q

Parasympathetic nerve supply

A

Vagus

Pelvic splanchnics (S2-S4)

86
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

Pre-vertebral (aortic) ganglia

Visceral afferents

87
Q

veins of inferior esophageal mucosa drain both portal and systemic venous systems

with portal hypertension bloody is unable to pass through liver via the portal vein

large volume of blood causes the submucosal vein to enlarge markedly

can rupture and cause severe hemorrhage

A

Esophageal varices

88
Q

swollen veins in the lower part of the rectum and anus

A

hemorrhoids

89
Q

increased pressure in portal vein

can cause “caput medusae”

A

portal hypertension

90
Q

acute inflammation of the appendix; felt at the T10 level and RLQ pain

A

appendicitis

91
Q

hepatocytes in liver replaced by fibrous tissue

A

cirrhosis of liver

92
Q

concentrations in gallbladder, hepatic ducts, cystic duct, or bile duct

A

gallstones

Advanced Anatomy (13 decks)

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