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Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum of abdominal cavity (2)

A

Parietal - sensitive to pain and pain can be localized

Visceral - pain is poorly localized

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2
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

completely covered by visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

outside of peritoneal cavity; partially covered with peritoneum usually on one surface

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4
Q

Intraperitoneal organs (7)

A 
liver
spleen
stomach
transverse colon
cecum
small intestine
sigmoid colon
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5
Q

Retroperitoneal organs (4)

A

pancreas
duodenum
ascending colon
descending colon

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6
Q

Retroperitoneal structures (SAD PUCKER)

A 
Suprarenal gland
Aorta (and IVC)
Duodenum (2 and 3)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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7
Q

Spaces in peritoneal cavity (3)

A

Greater sac - main and larger part of cavity

Lesser sac (Omental bursa) - lies posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

Omental foramen - posterior on free edge of lesser omentum

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8
Q

Folds of peritoneum

A

Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Mesentary
Mesocolon

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9
Q

“fatty apron”

Double-layered extension of peritoneum extending off the greater curvature of the stomach

A

Greater omentum

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10
Q

connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the liver
(aka Gastrohepatic ligament)

A

Lesser omentum

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11
Q

Two folds of parietal peritoneum associated with small intestine

A

Mesentary

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12
Q

Fold of peritoneum associated with transvers and sigmoid colon

A

Mesocolon

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13
Q

provide route for neurovasculature to reach intestines

A

Mesentary and Mesocolon

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14
Q

Abdominal organs (8)

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
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15
Q

3 constrictions of esophagus

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

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16
Q

Food passes rapidly through esophagus due to ______ ______

A

peristaltic action

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17
Q

The “final door” between esophagus and stomach

A

inferior esophageal sphincter

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18
Q

where the esophagus pierces the diaphragm

In the right crus of diaphragm

A

esophageal hiatus

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19
Q

Where is the esophagogastric junction?

A

passes through the tip of the xiphoid process

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20
Q

Parts of stomach (6)

A 
Cardia 
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
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21
Q

Areas of pyloris (4)

A

Pyloric antrum - wide part at top
Pyloric canal - narrow part
Pyloric orifice - opening into duodenum
Pyloric sphincter - controls flow of stomach contents into duodenum

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22
Q

What’s the Z-line?

A

The abrupt transition of mucosa between esophagus and stomach

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23
Q

What is chyme?

A

gastric juice + partially digested food that leaves the stomach

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24
Q

Gastric rugae

A

folds of gastric mucosa

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25
primary site for absorption of nutrients from ingested materials
small intestine
26
3 divisions of small intestine
duodenum jejunum ileum
27
first and shortest part of small intestine widest and most fixed part C-shaped around of head of pancreas
duodenum
28
Bile and main pancreatic ducts enter the posterior wall of the
duodenum
29
ducts at duodenum join to form the ________ ________ which opens at the _______ ______ _____ (or the ampulla of Vater)
hepatopancreatic ampulla major duodenal papilla
30
Proximal part of duodenum receives blood from ____ Distal part of duodenum receives blood from _____
celiac trunk superior mesenteric artery
31
Where accessory pancreatic duct opens in duodenum
Minor duodenal papilla
32
begins and duodenojejunal flexure most lies in LUQ of the infracolic compartment
Jejunum
33
ends at ileocecal junction most lies in RLQ
Ileum
34
blood supply to jejunum and ileum
superior mesenteric artery
35
small arteries that go straight to small intestine are called ______ _______ and branch from loops called ______ ______
vasa recta arterial arcades
36
site where water is absorbed from the indigestible residue of the liquid chyme which converts it into stool or feces
large intestine (colon)
37
Parts of large intestine (7)
``` cecum ascending transverse descending sigmoid rectum anal canal ```
38
Four differences between LI and SI
Omental appendices Three teniae coli Haustra Increase in diameter
39
globs of fat and omentum hanging from colon
omental appendices
40
bands of longitudinal smooth muscle along colon
teniae coli
41
pouches made by teniae coli
haustra
42
first part of large intestine begins at ileocecal valve has no mesentary
cecum
43
hangs off the cecum commonly projects posterior mass of lymphoid tissue
appendix
44
passes along right side of body | turns left at the right colic flexure/hepatic flexure
ascending colon
45
passes transversely across body | bends at the left colic flexure/splenic flexure
transverse colon
46
passes along left side of body
descending colon
47
S-shaped loop of colon (variable length)
sigmoid colon
48
_____________ supplies blood to LI before left colic flexure | _____________ supplies blood to LI (hindgut) after the left colic flexure
Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery
49
fixed after the sigmoid colon last 15 -17 cm continuous with anal canal
rectum
50
Most vulnerable abdominal organ Largest lymphatic organ Produces lymphocytes, removes RBCs, destroys old platelets Most mobile organ
Splee
51
largest branch of celiac trunk and blood supply to spleen
splenic artery
52
3 areas of spleen
gastric renal colic
53
Retroperitoneal organ that lays behind stomach
pancreas
54
Ducts of pancreas
Main - joins common bile duct to from hepatopancreatic ampulla and enters duodenum at major duodenal papilla Accessory - opens into duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla
55
Produces bile continuously one of largest abdominal organs
Liver
56
Ligaments of liver (5)
``` Falciform ligament Round ligament Coronary ligament Ligamentum venosum Triangular ligament ```
57
Extends between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall | Separates right and left lobes
Falciform ligament
58
Remnant of umbilical vein
Round ligament
59
Connects liver to diaphragm
coronary ligament
60
fibrous remnant of ductus venosus
Ligamentum venosum
61
extends from edges of liver to diaphragm
triangular ligament
62
area of liver that lies in direct contact with diaphragm
bare area
63
_______ lobe is larger than the _____ lobe
Right Left
64
Two smaller lobes of the liver (found on right lobe)
Caudate lobe - gives rise to tail; next to IVC Quadrate lobe - four sides; next to gallbladder
65
Contents of the portal triad
portal vein bile duct hepatic artery
66
Brings 75-80% of blood from abdomen through the liver | Made by junction of superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
portal vein
67
Stores and concentrates bile
Gallbladder
68
How bile gets from liver to gallbladder and out into intestines
Biliary sytem
69
connection between gallbladder and common bile duct
cystic duct
70
released intermittently from gallbladder when fat enters the duodenum
bile
71
ducts that come from the lobes of the liver and join to make the common hepatic duct
right hepatic duct left hepatic duct
72
common hepatic duct and cystic duct join to make the _____ ______ _______
common bile duct
73
Three main arteries that supply the abdomen (branch from descending aorta)
Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery
74
3 branches of celiac trunk
left gastric artery splenic artery common hepatic artery
75
Branch of splenic artery
Left gastroepiploic artery (gastroomental)
76
Branches of common hepatic artery
``` Right gastric Hepatic - Left hepatic - Right hepatic Gastroduodenal - Right gastroepiploic (gastroomental) ```
77
Branches of superior mesenteric artery (4)
Jejunal and Ileal arteries Ileocolic artery - diagonal towards ileum/colon junction Right colic artery - towards ascending colon Middle colic artery - towards transverse colon
78
Branches of jejunal and ileal arteries (2)
vasa recta arterial arcades
79
Branches of inferior mesenteric artery (3)
Left colic artery - to descending colon Sigmoidal artery Superior rectal artery
80
Made by junction of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
Hepatic portal vein
81
Venous blood supply of abdomen (3)
Hepatic portal vein Inferior vena cava Portal/Systemic (Caval) Anastamosis
82
Notable porto-systemic anastamoses (5)
lower 1/3 of esophagus ** paraumbilical ** upper end of anal canal ** retroperitoneal bare area of liver
83
Dilated collecting chamber of lymph from below the diaphragm | Beginning of thoracic duct
Cisterna Chyli
84
Nodes draining into cisterna chyli (7) | associated with arteries/veins
``` celiac superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric aortic common iliac external iliac internal iliac ```
85
Parasympathetic nerve supply
Vagus Pelvic splanchnics (S2-S4)
86
Sympathetic nerve supply
Thoracic splanchnic nerves Pre-vertebral (aortic) ganglia Visceral afferents
87
veins of inferior esophageal mucosa drain both portal and systemic venous systems with portal hypertension bloody is unable to pass through liver via the portal vein large volume of blood causes the submucosal vein to enlarge markedly can rupture and cause severe hemorrhage
Esophageal varices
88
swollen veins in the lower part of the rectum and anus
hemorrhoids
89
increased pressure in portal vein can cause "caput medusae"
portal hypertension
90
acute inflammation of the appendix; felt at the T10 level and RLQ pain
appendicitis
91
hepatocytes in liver replaced by fibrous tissue
cirrhosis of liver
92
concentrations in gallbladder, hepatic ducts, cystic duct, or bile duct
gallstones

Advanced Anatomy (13 decks)

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