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Anatomy Written 3 > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Function

A

Protection

Space for lungs (respiration)

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2
Q

Suprasternal Notch

A

T2 to T3

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3
Q

Sternal Angle

A

T4 to T5
Manubriosternal Joint
Costal cartilage of 2nd rib

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4
Q

Xiphoid process

A

T9 to T10

Ossifies at age 40

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5
Q

Root of spine of scapula

A

Vertebral level of T4

Spine of T3 (palpate)

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6
Q

Inferior angle of scapula

A 
Vertebral level of T8
Spine T7 (palpate)
Overlies rib 7, points to rib 8
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7
Q

Midsternal

A

line down middle of sternum

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8
Q

Midclavicular

A

1/2 btw clavicle and line down

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9
Q

Scapular

A

Vertical line through inferior angle of scapula

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10
Q

Anterior Axillary Line

A

Vertical line dropped at lateral border of pec major

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11
Q

Midaxillary line

A

Vertical line through middle of axillary fossa (down armpit)

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12
Q

Posterior axillary line

A

Vertical line dropped at lateral border of latissimus dorsi

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13
Q

Thoracic Inlet

A

Body of T1

1st pair of ribs and cartilages

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14
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Cervical rib impinging on subclavian –> brachial plexus
Numb and swollen arm
Nothing to do with anatomical thoracic outlet

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15
Q

Thoracic Outlet

A

Xiphisternal joint
12th ribs and costochondral junction
Closed by the diaphragm

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16
Q

Sternal Region

A

Sternum (Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid)

Clavicular and chondral attachments to sternum

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17
Q

Manubrium

A

T2 to T5

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18
Q

Body of Sternum

A

T5 - T9

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19
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

T9-T10

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20
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

Synovial, saddle type joint that acts as a ball and socket

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21
Q

Manubriosternal

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint (gives you rib 2)

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22
Q

Xiphisternal Joint

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

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23
Q

Costovertebral Joint

A

Head of rib and vertebral body at and above its level

24
Q

Costotransverse Joint

A

Tubercle of rib and transverse process of vertebrae at the same level

25
Q

True Ribs

A

1st - 7th pair

Anteriorly and inferiorly

26
Q

False Ribs

A

8th - 12th
8, 9, 10 join with 7 and get to sternum that way
11 and 12 are floating

27
Q

Rib

A

Head - vertebral end, two articular facets (demifacets)
Tubercle (on if edge with facet next to it)
Shaft - Angle (point of greatest curvature)
Costal Groove (houses VAN)

28
Q

Costochondral Joint

A

No movement

Cartilaginous and ossifies later in life

29
Q

Sternocostal Joint

A

1st rib is primary cartilaginous joint (immovable)

Rest are synovial plane type joints (slightly movable)

30
Q

Breast

A 
Located in superficial fascia 
Modified sweat gland 
Areola - ring around
Nipple
20 glands - lactiferous ducts that open onto nipple
31
Q

Anatomcal location of breast - Male

A

4th intercostal space

32
Q

Anatomical location of breast - Female

A

Vertically from 2nd - 6th rib
Transversely from lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line
2/3 on deep fascia of pec major
1/3 on deep fascia of serratus anterior

33
Q

Retromammary Space

A

btw glands and deep fascia
Allows for movemement of breast
Tumor - cancer - less movement

34
Q

Suspensory LIgament

A 
attaches gland to dermis of skin
well developed superiorly 
holds breast in position
lose elasticity as age
Cancer - tumor - impingement - dimpling
35
Q

Vasculature of the Breast

A

Internal Thoracic Artery
Lateral Thoracic Artery
Thoracoacromial Branches

36
Q

Lymphatic Drainage

A

75% through axillary nodes

25% through clavicular and parasternal nodes

37
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Elevates

38
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Depresses

39
Q

Levator Costarum

A

Transverse processes C7-T11 to costal tubercle and costal angle
12 pairs of fan shaped muscles

40
Q

Thoracic Muscles - Supeficial to Deep

A

Intercostal Muscles (External, Internal, Innermost)
Subcostal Muscles
Transversus Thoracis

41
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

Innervated by local intercostal nerves (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves)
External
Internal
Innermost

42
Q

External Intercostal Muscles

A

Fibers run anteroinferiorly from upper to lower rib
Muscle starts at costal tubercle, runs to costochondral junction
Extends to sternum as external intercostal membrane
Elevates

43
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscles

A

Fibers run posteroinferiorly from upper to lower rib
Muscle starts at lateral border of sternum and runs to costal angle
Extends to vertebrae as internal intercostal membrane
Costal region - depresses
Chondral region - elevates

44
Q

Innermost Intercostal Muscles

A

Located in 3rd muscular layer of intercostal space
Found internally on posterolateral thoracic walls
Elevation and Depression

45
Q

Subcostal Muscles

A

Located in 3rd muscular layer of intercostal space posteriorly
Found internally on posterior thoracic wall
Muscle crosses more than one intercostal space
Elevates

46
Q

Transversus Throacis

A

Located in 3rd muscular layer of intercostal space anteriorly
Lower sternum to the internal surface of 2nd to 6th costal cartilage
Head toward inferior part of body of sternum on inside
Depresses ribs

47
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm

A

Sternal, Costochondral and lumbar attachments

80% of quiet breathing

48
Q

Intercostal Space

A

11 Spaces

49
Q

Intercostal Space - Muscles

A

3

Above muscles attached internally to parietal pleura via endothoracic fascia

50
Q

Intercostal Space - Parietal Pleura

A

1st of 3 serous membranes
Helps prevent friction build up
On the wall

51
Q

Intercostal Space - Neurovascular Bundle

A

Housed in the costal groove btw the second and third muscular layers (internal and innermost)
VAN

52
Q

Intercostal Space - Intercostal Nerves

A 
Thoracic NErves T1 - T11 (typical spinal nerve)
Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7 - T11) - these become cutaneous branches - dermatomes
53
Q

Intercostal Space - Arteries - Anterior

A

Internal Thoracic Artery (1st of subclavian) - Terminates 6th IC space
Then bifurcates
1. Musculophrenic - supplies 7th - 9th space
2. Superior Epigastric
3. No anterior intercostals in 10th and 11 (only post)

54
Q

Intercostal Space - Arteries - Posterior

A 
Superior Intercostal (from costocervical trunk) - assist in supplying 1st and 2nd spaces
Thoracic Aorta - supplies all 11 IC spaces - gives off subcostal artery under 12th rib
55
Q

Intercostal Space - Veins

A

Azygos system of veins - Venous drainage from R and L posterior intercostal veins, arch up over bronchus and go to SVC
Internal Thoracic Vein

56
Q

Intercostal Space - Subcostal VAN

A 
Subcostal Vein - Close to bone
Subcostal Artery - Middle
Subcostal Nerve - most inferior 
Located under 12th rib
T12 nerve
57
Q

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

A

Where diaphragmatic pleura reflects onto the ribs as costal pleura (still one membrane)
AKA costophrenic angle

Anatomy Written 3 (9 decks)

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