Lungs Flashcards
Trachea
Begins at C6
C shaped cartilages, open posteriorly
Ends at sternal angle and then branches at T4/T5 level
Right Primary Bronchus
Wider, shorter, more vertical
2.5cm long
Azygos vein branches over it
Left Primary Bronchus
Passes inferolaterally, inferior to the aortic arch, anterior to the esophagus and descending aorta
5cm long
Carina
Heavily innervated
Also a lot of lymph nodes here
A keel like ridge located btw the orifices of primary bronchi internally
Right Lung - Lobes and Fissures
Upper, Middle, Lower lobes
Oblique and Horizontal Fissures
Left Lung - Lobes and Fissures
Upper and Lower lobes
Oblique FIssure
Lingula = Projection of upper lobe
Surfaces
Cervical (apex)
Costal (ribs)
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic (base)
Borders
Anterior
Posterior (rounded - sits with vertebrae)
Inferior (rim around diaphragmatic surface)
Root of the lung structures
Pulmonary arteries and veins Bronchus Bonchial arteries and veins Nerves Lymphatics
Pulmonary Ligament
Forms by the reflection of parietal pleura as it becomes visceral pleura
Hilum of the lung
A depression or pt at the part of the organ where the vessels and nerves enter
Respiratory Tree
Primary Bronchus Secondary Bronchus Segmental Bronchi Terminal Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles Alveolar Ducts Alveolar Sacs
Bronchopulmonary Segments
Surgical unit of lung
Pyramidal in shape, base = peripheral, apex = hilum
Separated by avascular septa
Has own artery, bronchus, and vein which allows for walling off to not harm the entire lung
Pleura
Double layered serous membrane with capillary layer of serous fluid
Reduces friction btw pariteal layers
Visceral Pleura
Inner layer of membrane
Remains closely attached to the lung and moves with it
Cannot be separated
Innervation of Visceral Pleura
Subconscious, visceral, autonomic
Parietal pleura
Outer layer of membrane
Stays attached to internal surface of the thoracic wall by endothoracic fascia
Named as it related to surface it is in contact with
Parietal Pleura Innervation
Somatic conscious innervation from thoracic wall - intercostal nerves
Cervical Surface
Suface emerging through thoracic inlet
Costal Surface
Surface in contact with the ribs
Mediastinal Surface
Surface in contact with mediastinal structures
Diaphragmatic Surface
Surface in contact with the domes of the diaphragm
Pleural Cavity
Space btw the two pleural membranes
Pleural reflections
A specific pleural surface becomes another pleural surface
These reflections form recesses that are potential spaces within pleural cavity that can be filled with fluid
