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MD3001 - Cardiology Anatomy > Thoracic Wall 1 > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give 5 functions of the thorax

A

Protection of organs, rigidity and elasticity, attachment for muscles (which allow locomotion), haematopoiesis and respiration

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2
Q

Describe the shape of the thorax

A

Truncated cone

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3
Q

Name the components of the thoracic cage

A

Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs + CCs, 12 thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs

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4
Q

Name the components of the thoracic wall

A

Thoracic cage, skin, subcutaneous tissue, thoracic muscles, fascia, muscles between ribs (3 layers) (+ mammary gland/breast tissue in females)

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5
Q

How do posterior and anterior ribs appear on an X-ray?

A 
Posterior = transverse
Anterior = oblique
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6
Q

How does the sagittal and transverse diameter of the thorax differ?

A

Transverse > sagittal

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7
Q

What is the function of thoracic vertebrae?

A

Rotation but no flexion

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8
Q

What are true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7 that articulate directly to the sternum

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9
Q

What are false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10 that articulate indirectly with the sternum through the CC of rib 7

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10
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

Ribs 11-12 that don’t articulate with the sternum

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11
Q

Give the function of this aspect of the rib: Head

A

Articulates with body of vertebrae

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12
Q

Give the function of this aspect of the rib: Neck

A

Neck region between head and tubercle

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13
Q

Give the function of this aspect of the rib: Costal angle

A

Attachment for deep back muscles

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14
Q

Give the function of this aspect of the rib: costal groove

A

Protects neurovascular bundle

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15
Q

Give the function of this aspect of the rib: Tubercle

A

Articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

Give the function of this aspect of the rib: body

A

Shaft of the rib (protective)

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17
Q

Where is the costal groove located?

A

On the inner surface of the body close to the inferior border

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18
Q

Give the main features of #1 rib (atypical)

A
  • scalene tubercle
  • groove for subclavian vein, artery and inferior trunk of brachial plexus
  • single fact = only articulates with T1
  • No costal groove
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19
Q

Give the main features of floating ribs – #11-12

A

Heads articulate only with corresponding vertebra and don’t articulate with transverse processes

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20
Q

What muscle attaches to the tuberosity on #2 rib

A

serrates anterior

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21
Q

What 3 bones form the sternum

A

Manubrium, body and xiphoid process

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22
Q

What 5 landmarks are located in the sternal angle?

A
  • 2nd CC
  • intervertebral disc between T4 and T5
  • proximal and distal boundaries of aortic arch
  • bifurcation of trachea
  • superior limit of the pulmonary trunk
23
Q

What dermatome is the solar plexus region located?

A

T6 dermatome

24
Q

What bone in the thoracic cage is a site for bone marrow aspiration?

A

sternum

25
Q

What joint articulates with the rib’s costal facets and vertebrae? And what ribs are exempt to this?

A

Costovertebral joint; 1, 11 and 12

26
Q

What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

A

Synovial

27
Q

What is the costotransverse joint?

A

Joint between tubercle of rib (except 11 and 12) and the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

28
Q

What ribs have curved facets?

A

1-7

29
Q

What movement does curved facets allow?

A

rotatory movement

30
Q

What ribs have flat facets?

A

8-10

31
Q

What movement does flat facets allow?

A

gliding movement

32
Q

What is the costochondral joint?

A

Articulation between rib and costal cartilage

33
Q

What is the direction of CC 1-4?

A

horizontal

34
Q

What is the direction of CC 5-10?

A

oblique

35
Q

What binds the thoracic inlet (superior aperture)?

A

T1, 1st rib, CC and manubrium

36
Q

Describe the orientation of the thoracic inlet

A

Slopes antero-inferiorly from the transverse plane

37
Q

Where are the lungs situated in the thoracic inlet?

A

Apex of the lung extends 2-3cm above the anterior part of the 1st rib and clavicle

38
Q

Name the 5 structures that pass between the thorax and neck

A
  • Vessels that supply and drain the head and neck
  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves
  • phrenic nerves
39
Q

What binds the thoracic outlet?

A

Bound by T12, 11th + 12th ribs, costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (costal margin, costal arch) and xiphoid process

40
Q

What is a breast?

A

An accessory gland consisting of mammary glands, skin and connective tissue **Modified sweat gland

41
Q

Nipple

A

Small projection in which the mammary ducts of females terminate, and milk can be secreted

42
Q

Areola

A

Ring of pigmented skin surrounding the nipple

43
Q

Montgomery tubercle

A

Visible portions of areolar glands on the skin

44
Q

Where is the breast located in adult females?

A

2nd-6th/7th rib, lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line, upper lateral portion may extend towards axilla

45
Q

Between what layers is the breast found?

A

Between superficial and deep layers of fascia

46
Q

What muscles does the breast sit on?

A

Pectoralis major, serratus anterior, external oblique muscles

47
Q

What name is given to the suspensory ligaments of the breast and what is their function?

A

Cooper’s ligaments; connect deep fascia to the dermis of the skin and support the breast

48
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

Layer of loose CT between the deep layer of superficial fascia and deep fascia

49
Q

What branches from the internal thoracic artery?

A

Mammary branches and anterior intercostal arteries

50
Q

What branches from the axillary artery?

A

Lateral thoracic and thoraco-acromial branches

51
Q

Where does each of these regions of the breast drain to: Areola and lateral quadrants

A

Axillary lymph nodes

52
Q

Where does each of these regions of the breast drain to: medial quadrants

A

Parasternal lymph nodes and opposite side of the breast

53
Q

Where does each of these regions of the breast drain to: inferior quadrants

A

Inferior phrenic lymph nodes

54
Q

What does NAC stand for?

A

Nipple areola complex

MD3001 - Cardiology Anatomy (11 decks)

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