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MD3001 - Cardiology Anatomy > Thoracic Cavity 1 > Flashcards

Thoracic Cavity 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of body cavities?

A

Confine large organs and systems

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2
Q

What are body cavities lined by?

A

Serous membrane

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3
Q

What is the function of serous membranes?

A

Allows movement, expansion and contraction of organs

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4
Q

What is the meaning of a serous membrane?

A

Closed to the outside

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5
Q

What is contained within the thoracic cavity?

A

Lungs, heart and chest wall

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6
Q

What allows friction free movement within a serious membrane?

A

minuscule layer of fluid lubricates the potential space

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7
Q

What is the heart covered by?

A

Pericardium

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8
Q

What is a mucous membrane?

A

cavities that open to the outside

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9
Q

What lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities?

A

Peritoneum

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10
Q

What 3 compartments is the thoracic cavity divided into?

A

Right and left pleural cavities and the mediastinum between them

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11
Q

What is pleura and how is it distributed in the thoracic cavity?

A

Covers the lungs and reflects onto itself around the root of the lung and cover the diaphragm and thoracic wall

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12
Q

Can lung compartments communicate with each other?

A

NO

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13
Q

What is parietal pleura attached to?

A

Thoracic wall (costal), fascia in the thoracic inlet (neck; at 1st rib and T1), fibrous pericardium and other mediastinal structures and diaphragm

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14
Q

Viscera

A

organ

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15
Q

Paries

A

wall

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16
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Space between the 2 pleural sacs, the sternum and costal cartilages, thoracic vertebrae and diaphragm

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17
Q

What is contained within the mediastinum and why are the suited to this region?

A

filled with hollow organs. Highly mobile region that permits volume and pressure changes

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18
Q

Where is the superior mediastinum?

A

Behind the manubrium between the inlet and the plane between the sternal angle and T4/5

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19
Q

Where is the inferior mediastinum?

A

Inferior to the transverse plane through the sternal angle and the diaphragm

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20
Q

What is the inferior mediastinum divided into?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum

21
Q

What structures are located in the right of the mediastinum? And what are they related to?

A

Superior vena cava, ach of azygos and inferior vena cava; right atrium

22
Q

What structures are located in the left mediastinum? And what are they related to?

A

Left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery. Arch of aorta and thoracic aorta; left ventricle

23
Q

What is contained within the middle mediastinum?

A

heart, pericardium (origins of great vessels - aorta, pulmonary trunk, vena cava and pulmonary veins), phrenic nerves and vagus

24
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Fibro-serous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels

25
Q

What is the function of the pericardium?

A

Anchoring the heart to surrounding tissues without compromising cardiac movement and preventing overfilling of the heart

26
Q

What 2 layers is the pericardium composed of?and how is it attached to the sternum

A

serous and fibrous; by ligaments

27
Q

What is the apex of the fibrous pericardium attached to?

A

adventitia of great vessels

28
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium attach to anteriorly?

A

Attached by sterno-pericardial ligament to the body of the sternum and 3rd-6th costal cartilages

29
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium attach to posteriorly?

A

Attached by pericardiovertebral ligaments to 5th-8th thoracic vertebrae

30
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium attach to inferiorly?

A

Blends with the central tendon of the diaphragm (pericardiophrenic ligament)

31
Q

Where is the serous pericardium located? And what 2 layers does it have?

A

Located inside the fibrous pericardium and has parietal and visceral layers

32
Q

Describe the parietal layer of the serous pericardium

A

Lines the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium and reflects onto itself around the roots of the great vessels and continues as the visceral layer

33
Q

Describe the visceral layer of the pericardium

A

Epicardium

34
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

Between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium

35
Q

What is pericardial fluid?

A

Fluid produced by the serous pericardium to reduce friction during contraction of the heart

36
Q

What happens to the heart tube during embryological development?

A

Heart tube folds and invaginates into the serous pericardium (within the fibrous sac)

37
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus? And where is it located?

A

Separates the arterial and venous ends of the heart tube; posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk, anterior to superior vena cava and superior to LA and pulmonary veins

38
Q

What is the clinical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Clamped in cardiac surgery

39
Q

What is the oblique pericardial sinus? And where is it located?

A

Surrounded by the reflection of serous pericardium around the right and left pulmonary vein and the inferior vena cava

40
Q

Where does the pericardium receive its sensory nerve fibres from?

A

Phrenic nerve

41
Q

Where does the pericardium receive its vasomotor fibres from?

A

Vagus nerve and cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves (Sympathetic)

42
Q

What plexus does the phrenic nerve branch from? And what rami does it arise from?

A

Cervical plexus; ventral rami of C3,4,5

43
Q

What muscle does the phrenic nerve travel over?

A

Scalenus anterior

44
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve enter the mediastinum?

A

Between the venous and arterial planes (subclavian)

45
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie? And what does it lie between and pass through?

A

Lies between fibrous pericardium and parietal pleura; and passes through Caval opening

46
Q

What is the motor function of the phrenic nerve?

A

Sole motor supply to the diaphragm

47
Q

What is the sensory function of the phrenic nerve?

A

Mediastinal parietal pleura; peritoneum and pleura related to the central tendon of the diaphragm

48
Q

What can an infected gallbladder irritate? And what dermatome does this affect?

A

Irritation of the diaphragm; Dermatome C4 affected

MD3001 - Cardiology Anatomy (11 decks)

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