Thoracic small animal physical exam

Question 1

apex beat

Answer 1

location you feel the heart beat against the chest wall
dog- 5th intercostal space on L side
below costochondral junction

Question 2

where to palpate arterial pulse in small animal, horse, cow

Answer 2

small animal: femoral

horses: facial
cow: coccygeal

Question 3

identifying pulse deficit

Answer 3

listen to heart and feel pulse
not a pulse for every heart beat

Question 4

stertor

Answer 4

sound like a snoring bulldog
upper airway

Question 5

stridor

Answer 5

upper airway sound
high pitched

Question 6

base vs apex of heart

Answer 6

Base: atria and great vessels
apex: ventricles, point where heart sits near sternum

Question 7

Where to hear pulmonic and aortic valve

Answer 7

left side base

Question 8

where to hear mitral valve

Answer 8

left side apex

Question 9

where to hear tricuspid valve

Answer 9

right side

Question 10

S1 heart sound

Answer 10

AV valves close (systole start)
all animals

Question 11

S2 heart sound

Answer 11

Semilunar valves close
systole end
all animals

Question 12

S3 heart sound

Answer 12

early diastole, ventricular filling
large animals

Question 13

S4 heart sound

Answer 13

late diastole, large animals

Question 14

normal arrhythmias

Answer 14

sinus arrhythmia in dog
second degree AV block in horse

Question 15

sinus arrhythmia

Answer 15

normal in calm dog
irregular spacing from R to R (of QRS, ventricular depolarization) in ECG
cyclical or repeating pattern

Question 16

second degree AV block

Answer 16

normal in calm horse
no QRS or T (ventricular depolarization/repolarization)
stuck in AV node

Question 17

Where to hear the valves

Answer 17

Right- Tricuspid
Left- PAM