Peritoneum Flashcards
intrathoracic part of abdominal cavity
where diaphragm is a cone and pushes into thoracic cavity
Functions of the peritoneum
friction reduction, free movement (mesentery), fixation by ligaments, fat storage (omentum)
retroperitoneal embryology
develops between ectoderm and mesoderm
kidneys, ureters, adrenal gland, aorta, caudal vena cava, lumbar lymph nodes
clinical significance of kidney being retroperitoneal
if kidney has a hemorrhage, bleeding will not enter the abdomen
cannot feel bleeding, fluid accumulation
parietal peritoneum
adheres to body wall
visceral peritoneum
on surface of organ
connecting peritoneum (mesentery)
where 2 sides of peritoneum come together (wide, double layered)
dorsal and ventral
connects intestinal and repro tracts with abd wall
contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
name = meso(organ) ex. mesoileum
peritoneal cavity vs abdominal cavity
abdomen is entire space,
peritoneal space is only between visceral and parietal peritoneum (no organs only serous fluid)
clinical significance of serous fluid in peritoneum
no fluid, peritonitis, rough handling=adhesions=impair movement of abd organs
sac has 2 openings in female= peritonitis more common
umbilical herniation in fetus
NORMAL
gut tube growth exceeds that of body> herniation through incomplete wall> 2 rotations of gut loops> body cavity enlarges> return of gut
parts that enter back early= fixed
parts that reenter late= mobile viscera
fixed viscera
early to reenter after umbilical herniation
mesentaries partially fused with abd wall
stomach, duodenum, ileum, cecum, colon
landmark in surgery (constant position) but harder to access
mobile viscera
retracted late after umbilical herniation
jejunum, not crowded and retain larger mesentary
easily accessed in sx
peritoneal ligaments of the liver
falciform, coronary, triangular
root of mesentary
@ L2
narrow attachment of the long mesojejunum & mesoileum to dorsal body wall
THICK
contains cranial mesenteric a, intestinal lymphatics, autonomic n plexus
ruminant mesentary
short compared to other species
lesser omentum
attached to lesser curvature of stomach
greater omentum
attached to greater curvature of stomach
2 layers: superficial and deep (each with 2 sheets, 4 sheets total)
epiploic (omental) foramen
short passage between omental bursa and main peritoneal cavity
at base of caudate lobe of liver
dorsal border: caudal vena cava
ventral border: portal vein
caudal border: hepatic a. in mesoduodenum
greater omentum species differences
carnivores and ruminants: well developed
equine: very small
clinical importance of greater omentum
very mobile so surgeon can tack sites on opened viscera
highly vascular so surgeons can use it for revascularization
police of abdomen: limits spread of infection
can remove without affecting animal, does not regenerate
loss of ventral mesentary remnants
dorsal mesentary remains
falciform ligament (mesentary left of umbilical v.)
falciform ligament
remnant of ventral mesentary, left umbilical v.
very fatty in cats
mesenteries of urinary bladder
median ligament, L/R lateral ligaments
ligaments of mesentary
connecting peritoneum
narrow, double layered
passes from a wall to organ or organ to organ
channel for vessels and nerves
peritoneum folds
less or no blood vessels than ligaments
between 2 visceral organs
nerve supply to parietal peritoneum
somatic NS
segmental spinal nerves (lumbar and throacic)
Pouches in pelvic cavity
genitorectal (btwn rectum and genitals)
vesicogenital (btwn bladder and genitals)
pubovesical (btwn pubic bone and bladder)
inguinal canal and rings
vaginal process
blind ended portion of peritoneum protrudes through inguinal canal
vaginal process
blind ended portion of peritoneum through the inguinal canal sits subcutaneously
only in female dogs
called vaginal tunic in males
nerve supply to visceral peritoneum
autonomic NS
