Peritoneum

Question 1

intrathoracic part of abdominal cavity

Answer 1

where diaphragm is a cone and pushes into thoracic cavity

Question 2

Functions of the peritoneum

Answer 2

friction reduction, free movement (mesentery), fixation by ligaments, fat storage (omentum)

Question 3

retroperitoneal embryology

Answer 3

develops between ectoderm and mesoderm
kidneys, ureters, adrenal gland, aorta, caudal vena cava, lumbar lymph nodes

Question 4

clinical significance of kidney being retroperitoneal

Answer 4

if kidney has a hemorrhage, bleeding will not enter the abdomen
cannot feel bleeding, fluid accumulation

Question 5

parietal peritoneum

Answer 5

adheres to body wall

Question 6

visceral peritoneum

Answer 6

on surface of organ

Question 7

connecting peritoneum (mesentery)

Answer 7

where 2 sides of peritoneum come together (wide, double layered)
dorsal and ventral
connects intestinal and repro tracts with abd wall
contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
name = meso(organ) ex. mesoileum

Question 8

peritoneal cavity vs abdominal cavity

Answer 8

abdomen is entire space,
peritoneal space is only between visceral and parietal peritoneum (no organs only serous fluid)

Question 9

clinical significance of serous fluid in peritoneum

Answer 9

no fluid, peritonitis, rough handling=adhesions=impair movement of abd organs
sac has 2 openings in female= peritonitis more common

Question 10

umbilical herniation in fetus

Answer 10

NORMAL
gut tube growth exceeds that of body> herniation through incomplete wall> 2 rotations of gut loops> body cavity enlarges> return of gut
parts that enter back early= fixed
parts that reenter late= mobile viscera

Question 11

fixed viscera

Answer 11

early to reenter after umbilical herniation
mesentaries partially fused with abd wall
stomach, duodenum, ileum, cecum, colon
landmark in surgery (constant position) but harder to access

Question 12

mobile viscera

Answer 12

retracted late after umbilical herniation
jejunum, not crowded and retain larger mesentary
easily accessed in sx

Question 13

peritoneal ligaments of the liver

Answer 13

falciform, coronary, triangular

Question 14

root of mesentary

Answer 14

@ L2
narrow attachment of the long mesojejunum & mesoileum to dorsal body wall
THICK
contains cranial mesenteric a, intestinal lymphatics, autonomic n plexus

Question 15

ruminant mesentary

Answer 15

short compared to other species

Question 16

lesser omentum

Answer 16

attached to lesser curvature of stomach

Question 17

greater omentum

Answer 17

attached to greater curvature of stomach
2 layers: superficial and deep (each with 2 sheets, 4 sheets total)

Question 18

epiploic (omental) foramen

Answer 18

short passage between omental bursa and main peritoneal cavity
at base of caudate lobe of liver
dorsal border: caudal vena cava
ventral border: portal vein
caudal border: hepatic a. in mesoduodenum

Question 19

greater omentum species differences

Answer 19

carnivores and ruminants: well developed
equine: very small

Question 20

clinical importance of greater omentum

Answer 20

very mobile so surgeon can tack sites on opened viscera
highly vascular so surgeons can use it for revascularization
police of abdomen: limits spread of infection
can remove without affecting animal, does not regenerate

Question 21

loss of ventral mesentary remnants

Answer 21

dorsal mesentary remains
falciform ligament (mesentary left of umbilical v.)

Question 22

falciform ligament

Answer 22

remnant of ventral mesentary, left umbilical v.
very fatty in cats

Question 23

mesenteries of urinary bladder

Answer 23

median ligament, L/R lateral ligaments

Question 24

ligaments of mesentary

Answer 24

connecting peritoneum
narrow, double layered
passes from a wall to organ or organ to organ
channel for vessels and nerves

Question 25

peritoneum folds

Answer 25

less or no blood vessels than ligaments
between 2 visceral organs

Question 26

nerve supply to parietal peritoneum

Answer 26

somatic NS
segmental spinal nerves (lumbar and throacic)

Question 27

Pouches in pelvic cavity

Answer 27

genitorectal (btwn rectum and genitals)
vesicogenital (btwn bladder and genitals)
pubovesical (btwn pubic bone and bladder)

Question 28

inguinal canal and rings

Answer 28

vaginal process
blind ended portion of peritoneum protrudes through inguinal canal

Question 29

vaginal process

Answer 29

blind ended portion of peritoneum through the inguinal canal sits subcutaneously
only in female dogs
called vaginal tunic in males

Question 30

nerve supply to visceral peritoneum

Answer 30

autonomic NS