Carnivore abdomen

Question 1

cranial abdominal region

Answer 1

xiphoid region in middle, R/L hypochondriac (cranial to umbilicus under ribs)

Question 2

middle abdominal region

Answer 2

umbilical,
R/L lateral flank (Ventral)
paralumbar fossa (dorsal)

Question 3

caudal abdominal region

Answer 3

pubic region
R/L inguinal

Question 4

paralumbar fossa

Answer 4

upper part of lateral abdominal region
triangular depression (boundaries: hip/ilium, last rib, lumbar vertebra)
clinically important to listen to rumen in ruminants

Question 5

boundaries of abdominal cavity

Answer 5

cranial: diaphragm
caudal: pelvic inlet
dorsal: lumbar/sacral vertebrae, diaphragmatic crua, hypaxial musc
lateral and ventral: and musc

Question 6

superficial fascia

Answer 6

encloses cutaneous trunci
only in carnivores
continuous and movable, not attached to spinous processes or linea alba

Question 7

deep fascia

Answer 7

thoracolumbar fascia
tunica flavis abdominis (large animals)

Question 8

internal fascia

Answer 8

attach to parietal layer of pleura/peritoneum
endothoracic and endoabdominal

Question 9

endoabdominal fascia

Answer 9

internal fascia
lining abdominal cavity extends into pelvic cavity

Question 10

endothoracic fascia

Answer 10

internal fasciA
lines thoracic cavity

Question 11

linea alba

Answer 11

ventral midline tendonous structure
from xiphoid to pubis
can cut during sx on midline (no muscles, less bleeding, heals slowly)

Question 12

linea alba is an attachment site for

Answer 12

ventrolateral abd musc
falciform lig
median lig of bladder

Question 13

umbilicus

Answer 13

scar on ventral midline
landmark for surgical incisions
vortex hair grows in a whirl

Question 14

umbilical hernia

Answer 14

umbilicus not closed

Question 15

liver location

Answer 15

against diaphragm
in xiphoid, R/L hypochondriac regions
mostly on R side

Question 16

needle biopsy location of liver

Answer 16

R; 7th intercostal space
L; caudodorsal to xiphoid

Question 17

simple monolocular stomach

Answer 17

one chamber

Question 18

complex multiocular stomach

Answer 18

more than one chamber in stomach

Question 19

stomach relatively fixed portions

Answer 19

cardiac and pyloric extremities

Question 20

where are the cardia, fundus, and body of stomach located?

Answer 20

Left of midline

Question 21

glandular vs composite stomach

Answer 21

simple glandular: has glands
composite: has glandular and non glandular regions

Question 22

canine stomach

Answer 22

simple glandular
U-shaped
pyloric R of midline

Question 23

feline stomach

Answer 23

angulated (J shaped)
pyloric near midline

Question 24

empty stomach

Answer 24

cannot be palpated, no contact w abd floor
in intrathoracic part of abd cavity
caudal border of spleen follows L costal arch

Question 25

moderately full stomach

Answer 25

lies under last 4 ribs
contacts abd floor
spleen protrudes over costal arch

Question 26

very full stomach

Answer 26

forms a round uniform sac
reaches level of L2-4, and pelvic brim
reaches R/L body walls
extensive contact w abd floor
easily palpated
displacement of spleen and L kidney caudally

Question 27

stomach tube measurement

Answer 27

length marked by measure from nose to last rib

Question 28

cranial duodenum

Answer 28

fixed to liver but can move up/down w pyloric end
may be cranial or caudal to pancreas (depending on position of stomach)
cranial duodenum flexure right at ribs 9-10
relatively mobile

Question 29

anatomical retractor for R lumbar area

Answer 29

descending duodenum

Question 30

descending duodenum

Answer 30

after cranial duodenum, before ascending

R side
bile and pancreas ducts
caudal duodenum flexure right near Tuber Coxae cranial to R kidney

anatomical retractor to explore R lumbar area

Question 31

mesoduodenum contains

Answer 31

R lobe of pancreas

Question 32

ascending duodenum

Answer 32

extends cranially in median plane
almost reaches greatest curvature of stomach
ends at duodenojejunal flexure
mesoduodenum is attached to desc mesocolon (duodenocolic fold)

Question 33

duodenalcolic fold

Answer 33

mesoduodenum from ascending duodenum attaches to the mesocolon
landmark for “running of the bowel” during celiotomy
transition from short to long mesentery

Question 34

jujenal arches/arcades

Answer 34

branches with arches off arteries to jejunum

on lesser curvature side

Question 35

lesser (mesenteric) curvature

Answer 35

inner of circle of jejunem, has jujenal arcades

Question 36

greater (anitmesenteric) curvature

Answer 36

outer of circle in jejunem
opposite jujenal arcades (blood supply)
cut here during sx for less bleeding

Question 37

most common part of the small intestine for intussusception

Answer 37

ileum

Question 38

junction between ilium and cecum/colon in dogs vs cats

Answer 38

• dog: iliocolic junction, sphincter (bypass cecum)
• cat: iliocecocolic junction

Question 39

ileum

Answer 39

terminal part of small intestine
ends dorsally on R side of body to the R of the ascending duodenum and L of descending duodenum
opens into ascending colon

short mesentery, straight vessels with antimesenteric blood supply

Question 40

pancreas

Answer 40

R/L lobes, body
V shaped
in sublumbar region

L lobe: across stomach

body: near pylorus

R lobe: decending colon

Question 41

cecum

Answer 41

diverticulum of colon
R side of cranial abd
close to dorsal body wall (dorsal to jujenum)
ends at cecocolic oriface (ascending colon)

Question 42

cecum in cat vs dog

Answer 42

in the cat the cecum smoothly joins the ascending colon, small bud
dog: larger, S shaped

Question 43

ascending colon

Answer 43

short
in R dorsal part of abd cavity
R to cranial mesenteric a.
R colic flexure

Question 44

anatomical retractor of L lumbar region

Answer 44

descending colon

Question 45

Transverse colon

Answer 45

cranial to root of mesentery and cranial to cranial mesenteric artery
left colic flexure

Question 46

descending colon

Answer 46

left to midline and cranial mesenteric a.
at pelvic inlet it continues as the rectum

Question 47

mesocolon

Answer 47

short continuous mesentery, less movable

Question 48

adrenal glands

Answer 48

• cortex and medulla
  
  • above kidney
  • highly nourished with blood vessels

Question 49

cortex of adrenal glands

Answer 49

lacks nerve supply

essential to life

Question 50

medulla of adrenal gland

Answer 50

abundant nerve supply

cells= sympathetic postganglionics

not essential for life

Question 51

kidneys

Answer 51

retroperitoneal

on either side of aorta/caudal vena cava

Question 52

R/L kidney

Answer 52

R is more cranial

L is less firmly attached

Question 53

dog vs cat kidneys

Answer 53

dog kidneys are more cranial

palpation is easier in cats

R kidney in dog is often non palpable

Question 54

urinary bladder

Answer 54

danger of being cut if it is not expressed prior to surgery

can be palpated