Thoracic Pulmonology

Question 1

What are the external features of the R ling?

Answer 1

• cardiac impression
• groove for azygous v.
• groove for espohagus
• groove for first rib
• groove for SVC
• groove for IVC
• groove for brachiocephalic v.

Question 2

What are the external features of the L lung?

Answer 2

• cardiac impression
• groove for aortic arch
• groove for descending aorta
• groove for first rib
• groove for subclavian a.

Question 3

What can lung cancer be derived from?
What nerves can ling cancer involve?
Treatment?

Answer 3

• lung tissue or bronchi (bronchogenic carcinoma)
• vagus n., phrenic n. , recurrent laryngeal n.
• removal of lung (pneumonectomy) , lobe of lung (lobectomy), a bronchopulmonary segment (segmentectomy)

Question 4

What are the two types of pleura?

Answer 4

-visceral and parietal

Question 5

What are the different kinds of parietal pleura?

Answer 5

• costal
• diaphragmatic
• mediastinal
• cervical

Question 6

What is a pleural recess?
What are the two recesses?
What is its significance?

Answer 6

• sites where two layers of parietal pleura are in contact with each other
• costomedistinal & costodiaphragmatic
• space lungs go on forced/big inhalation
• also where blood and fluid can collect

Question 7

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 7

potential space b/w two layers of pleura that contain a serous lubricating fluid that reduces friction and produces cohesion thru surface tension

Question 8

What is pulmonary collapse?

Answer 8

collapse of the lung due to: enough air entering lungs and breaking surface tension b/w both pleura

Question 9

What is a pneumothorax ?

causes?

Answer 9

-collapse of lung caused by:

-penetrating wound causing air entry into thoracic wall
OR
-rupture of pulmonary lesion into pleural cavity

Question 10

What is a hydrothorax?

cause?

Answer 10

accumulation of fluid into the pleural cavity

us via pleural effusion

Question 11

What is a hemothorax?

cause?

Answer 11

• accum. of blood in pleural cavity

- usu result of chest wound ; laceration of intercostal vessel; laceration of internal thoracic

Question 12

Name the sequence of air flow staring from the larynx

Answer 12

larynx -> trachea -> main/primary bronchus-> 2ndry/lobar bronchus-> tertiary/segmental bronchus -> conducting bronchiole -> terminal bronchiole -> respiratory bronchiole -> alveolar duct -> alveolar sac -> alveoli

Question 13

How is the R main bronchus different from the L main bronchus?

Answer 13

the right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical
-the left travels inferolaterally to accompany. the heart

objects that go down wrong tube end up in R main bronchus

Question 14

What is the functional unit of the lung?

Answer 14

alveolus

Question 15

What mediastinal cavity does the trachea exist in?

Answer 15

posterior medistinum

Question 16

How many secondary and tertiary bronchi does the R have vs the L lung?

Answer 16

R = 3
L= 2

Question 17

What are of the lung is associated with bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 17

tertiary /segmental bronchi

Question 18

Do the bronchioles have cartilage?

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

What is bronchial asthma?

Answer 19

-widespread narrowing of the airways via contraction of SM, edema of the mucosa, and mucous in lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles

Question 20

What is a bronchoscopy?

Answer 20

insertion of a bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize main bronchi

Question 21

from thickest to thinnest : main bronchus, pulmonary a., pulmonary v.

Answer 21

1) main bronchus
2) pulmonary a.
3) pulmonary v.