Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology, and Chondrology Flashcards
What are the boundaries and contents of the superior thoracic aperture?
Boundaries : 1st paired ribs, superior manubrium of sternum, T1
Contents : trachea, esophagus, nerves and vessels supplying head, neck, and UE
What are the boundaries and content of the inferior thoracic aperture?
Boundaries : T12, 11th and 12th paired ribs, 7-10 costal cartilages, xiphisternal joint
contents : esophagus, inferior vena cava, aorta
What are the 3 primary divisions of the thoracic cavity?
- right pleural cavity
- left pleural cavity
- mediastinum
What are the contents of the mediastinum?
heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus, thymus
What are the 4 features of the manubrium of the sternum?
1) suprasternal notch
2) sternal angle
3) clavicular notch (2)
4) costal notch
What are the 3 features of the body of the sternum?
1) xiphoid/sternal joint
2) costal notches
3) transverse ridges
What is the 1 feature of the xiphoid process?
costal notch
What are the 3 types of ribs?
and what ribs are classified as such?
1) true (vertebrocostal) 1-7
2) false (vertebrochondral) 8-10
3) floating 11&12
What ribs are typical ribs?
What are the 4 main features of typical ribs?
3-7
1) head - articulates with thoracic vertebrae
- -> superior articulating facet (w/ inferior costal demifact of vertebrae 1 seg up)
- -> inferior articulating facet (w/ superior costal demifacet at same segment)
- -> crest of head - separates two facets
2) Neck (bone b/w head and tubercle
3) tubercle
- -> articular facet - articulates with transverse costal facet of segment above
- -> nonarticular part - attachment site for lateral costotransverse l.
4) body
- -> costal groove - houses intercostal nerves and vessels
- -> costal angle - anterolateral turning point of rib
What are the atypical ribs?
1,2,10-12
What is unique about the first rib?
wide, flat
- groove for subclavian v. (anterior)
- groove for subclavian a. (posterior)
- tubercle for anterior scalene m.
- head = single facet
What is unique about the 2nd rib?
-tuberosity of Serratus anterior m.
What is unique about the 10th rib?
-head = single facet
What is unique about the 11th and 12th ribs?
- head = single facet
- NO tubercle
- NO neck
Which ribs are most commonly fractured?
Where are they most commonly fractured?
What kind of issues can they cause?
1) middle ribs
2) just anterior to costal angle
3) damage to internal organs, cause sever pain with treating, coughing, sneezing, laughing
What are supernumerary ribs and where do they occur?
- extra ribs in cervical or lumbar regions
- cervical : can produce neural and circulation problems based in relation to brachial plexus and subclavian a.
- lumbar : radiographic abnormalities
What are the 7 features of a thoracic vertebrae and their functions?
1) body - articulates with 12 ribs (superior and inferior costal facets
2) foramen - houses SC
3) arch - pedicle and lamina
4) spinous process - inferiorly
5) transverse process - transverse costal facet, cone to tubercle of ribs
6) superior articulating process - articulates with inferior artic. process of vert above
7) inferior articulating process - articulates with superior artic. process of vert below
What ribs have their own costal cartilages that attach directly to the sternum?
What ribs attach to the costal cartilage of the rib above?
1-7
8-10
Manubriosternal joint:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
symphysis
manubrium of sternum and body of sternum
none
Xiphisternal Joint:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
synchondrosis
body of sternum and diploid process
none
1st Sternocostal joint:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
synchondrosis
1st rib and manubrium of sternum
anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal l.
2-7th sternocostal joint:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
planar synovial
2-7th ribs with the body of sternum
anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal l.
costovertebral joint:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
planar synovial
ie T6 and T7 with rib 7
superior costotransverse l. (tp of T6 to rib 7) ; radiate L (rib to both vertebrae) ; interarticular l. (crest of head of rib to IV disc) ; lateral costotransverse l. (TP of T7 to rib 7 tubercle nonarticular part)
Costochondral joint:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
synchondrosis
rib and its costal cartilage
none
Interchondral joints:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
planar synovial : rib 8 & 9
fibrous : rib 10
costal cartilage to costal cartilage
none
Vertebral Joint:
type?
bones?
ligaments?
Symphysis (cartilaginous) : IV disc to vertebral body
Zygapophyseal (planar synovial) : articulating process of adjacent vertebrae
vertebrae and IV discs
Supraspinous -> on top of SP
interspinous -> w/in SP
intertransverse -> b/w TP
liagmentum flavum-> lateral canal
posterior longitudinal -> anterior SC, prevent disc herniation
anterior longitudinal -> anterior vertebral bosy, prevent hyperextension
