Respiratory Histo Flashcards
What is the function of the conduction portion of the respiratory system ?
- warms, humidifies air
- transmit ait
- NO GAS EXCHANGE
What parts make up the conducting portion?
-nasal cavities -> paranasal sinuses -> nasopharynx -> trachea -> 1,2,3 bronchi -> bronchioles -> conducting bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles
What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
pass air to alveoli for gas exchange
What parts make up the respiratory portion ?
respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs
What reinforces the larynx?
thyroid and cricoid cartilages and small elastic cartilages
What is a main feature of the larynx
vocal colds
What kind of epithelium are the vocal folds?
what features are assoc. with them?
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
- vocal l. supports
- moved by vocalis m.
What kind of epithelium is the respiratory epithelium?
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
contains ciliated, goblet, and basal cells
What is the purpose of the respiratory epithelium?
- protect airway vis mucus
- move particles via cilia up and out
What are goblet cells?
modified columnar cells that produce mucigen granules
What are the 4 layers of the trachea?
1) mucosa (respirated. epi)
2) submucosa (dener CT than LP)
3) cartilaginous (c shaped hyaline cart rings)
4) adventitia (trachealis m. , CT that bind it to other structures)
What does tracheal epithelium contain?
- pseudostrat
- goblet cells
- elastic, fiber rich LP
- broncho Assoc. Lymph Tissue
What does tracheal submucosa contain?
+ + glands
What are the 4 layers of the bronchi?
1) epithelia
2) submucosa
3) muscular
4) adventitia
What is in the bronchi epithelial layer?
1) pesudostrat ciliated columnar
2) fewer goblet cells
3) + elastic fibers
What is in the bronchi submucosa layer?
loose/areolar CT
few glands
irregular cartilage pieces
What is in the bronchi muscular layer?
cont. larger bronchi
loosely organ. smaller bronchi
What is in the bronchi adventitia layer?
moderately dense CT
What are the layers of the bronchioles?
1) epithelia
2) muscularis (SM)
no submucosa or cartilage
What characterizes bronchiole epithelia?
larger cells = simple ciliated columnar
small cell = simple cuboidal
-few goblet
CLUB CELLS
- ^ elastic fibers
What are the layers of terminal and respiratory bronchioles?
1) epithelia
2) muscularis
What characterizes terminal and respiratory bronchiole epithelia?
simple cuboidal w/ club cells
What are club cells ? What do they do?
-non-ciliated , dome shaped cells
- secrete lipoprotein (prevent adhesion on expiration)
- antimicrobial peptides
- detox inhaled materials
What are alveolar rings?
aggregates of SM, collagen, and elastic fibers that form rings around alveolar ducts
What type of epithelia are alveolar ducts, rings, and sacs?
simple squamous epi
What are the special cell types contain within alveoli?
Type 1 = gas exchange (simple squamous)
type 2 = surfactant (cuboidal/rounded)
–> precursor for type 1 &2
What covers the pleura?
flattened mesothelium
What is the purpose of pleura?
- extend into the lung as fibrous septa, cont. w/ lung parenchyma
- contain lymph vessels
What composes the blood air barrier : internal to external ?
- alveolar epithelium
- fused alveolar basal lamina with capillary endothelia
- capillary endothelia
What is Asthma?
What do you see on a cellular level?
- chronic inflammatory disease involving the airways
- accomp. by bronchospasm
- bronchiolar wall by eosinophil, lymphocytes, mast cells
- thick bronchiolar epi. w/ + + goblet cells, thick basement membrane and hyperplstic SM
Symptoms of asthma?
dyspnea, wheezing, productive cough
What is emphysema?
permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole (dec surface area)
caused by chronic obstruction of airflow due to narrowing bronchioles accomplishments. by destruction of alveolar walls
What is emphysema caused by?
- smoking cigarettes
- inhaling particulate matter (construction or coal)
- autoimmune
What is pnumonia?
inflammation fo lung tissue -> air space are filled w/ exudate contains WBCs (neutron) , RBC, fibrin
-red hepatization stage(looks like liver)
What does the lung look like in pneumonia?
lung is heavy (exudate)
lung is firm and red (lack of air space)
What are signs a symptoms of pneumonia?
fever & chills
productive cough
decreased breath sounds
crackles in lungs
What is Bronchiolitis Obliterans?
Where does it occur?
intralaminal polyploid plug of granulation tissue (new CT formed from healing) in terminal and respiratory bronchioles
What is Bronchiolitis Obliterans caused by?
Symptoms?
caused: inhalation of diacetyl ; lung transplant ; infections pneumonias, diffuse alveolar damage
symptoms : SOB, wheezing, dry cough
