Respiratory Histo

Question 1

What is the function of the conduction portion of the respiratory system ?

Answer 1

• warms, humidifies air
• transmit ait
• NO GAS EXCHANGE

Question 2

What parts make up the conducting portion?

Answer 2

-nasal cavities -> paranasal sinuses -> nasopharynx -> trachea -> 1,2,3 bronchi -> bronchioles -> conducting bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles

Question 3

What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

pass air to alveoli for gas exchange

Question 4

What parts make up the respiratory portion ?

Answer 4

respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs

Question 5

What reinforces the larynx?

Answer 5

thyroid and cricoid cartilages and small elastic cartilages

Question 6

What is a main feature of the larynx

Answer 6

vocal colds

Question 7

What kind of epithelium are the vocal folds?

what features are assoc. with them?

Answer 7

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

• vocal l. supports
• moved by vocalis m.

Question 8

What kind of epithelium is the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 8

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

contains ciliated, goblet, and basal cells

Question 9

What is the purpose of the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 9

• protect airway vis mucus

- move particles via cilia up and out

Question 10

What are goblet cells?

Answer 10

modified columnar cells that produce mucigen granules

Question 11

What are the 4 layers of the trachea?

Answer 11

1) mucosa (respirated. epi)
2) submucosa (dener CT than LP)
3) cartilaginous (c shaped hyaline cart rings)
4) adventitia (trachealis m. , CT that bind it to other structures)

Question 12

What does tracheal epithelium contain?

Answer 12

• pseudostrat
• • • goblet cells
• elastic, fiber rich LP
• broncho Assoc. Lymph Tissue

Question 13

What does tracheal submucosa contain?

Answer 13

+ + glands

Question 14

What are the 4 layers of the bronchi?

Answer 14

1) epithelia
2) submucosa
3) muscular
4) adventitia

Question 15

What is in the bronchi epithelial layer?

Answer 15

1) pesudostrat ciliated columnar
2) fewer goblet cells
3) + elastic fibers

Question 16

What is in the bronchi submucosa layer?

Answer 16

loose/areolar CT
few glands
irregular cartilage pieces

Question 17

What is in the bronchi muscular layer?

Answer 17

cont. larger bronchi

loosely organ. smaller bronchi

Question 18

What is in the bronchi adventitia layer?

Answer 18

moderately dense CT

Question 19

What are the layers of the bronchioles?

Answer 19

1) epithelia
2) muscularis (SM)
no submucosa or cartilage

Question 20

What characterizes bronchiole epithelia?

Answer 20

larger cells = simple ciliated columnar
small cell = simple cuboidal

-few goblet
CLUB CELLS
- ^ elastic fibers

Question 21

What are the layers of terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 21

1) epithelia

2) muscularis

Question 22

What characterizes terminal and respiratory bronchiole epithelia?

Answer 22

simple cuboidal w/ club cells

Question 23

What are club cells ? What do they do?

Answer 23

-non-ciliated , dome shaped cells

• secrete lipoprotein (prevent adhesion on expiration)
• antimicrobial peptides
• detox inhaled materials

Question 24

What are alveolar rings?

Answer 24

aggregates of SM, collagen, and elastic fibers that form rings around alveolar ducts

Question 25

What type of epithelia are alveolar ducts, rings, and sacs?

Answer 25

simple squamous epi

Question 26

What are the special cell types contain within alveoli?

Answer 26

Type 1 = gas exchange (simple squamous)
type 2 = surfactant (cuboidal/rounded)
–> precursor for type 1 &2

Question 27

What covers the pleura?

Answer 27

flattened mesothelium

Question 28

What is the purpose of pleura?

Answer 28

• extend into the lung as fibrous septa, cont. w/ lung parenchyma
• contain lymph vessels

Question 29

What composes the blood air barrier : internal to external ?

Answer 29

• alveolar epithelium
• fused alveolar basal lamina with capillary endothelia
• capillary endothelia

Question 30

What is Asthma?

What do you see on a cellular level?

Answer 30

• chronic inflammatory disease involving the airways
• accomp. by bronchospasm
• bronchiolar wall by eosinophil, lymphocytes, mast cells
• thick bronchiolar epi. w/ + + goblet cells, thick basement membrane and hyperplstic SM

Question 31

Symptoms of asthma?

Answer 31

dyspnea, wheezing, productive cough

Question 32

What is emphysema?

Answer 32

permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole (dec surface area)

caused by chronic obstruction of airflow due to narrowing bronchioles accomplishments. by destruction of alveolar walls

Question 33

What is emphysema caused by?

Answer 33

• smoking cigarettes
• inhaling particulate matter (construction or coal)
• autoimmune

Question 34

What is pnumonia?

Answer 34

inflammation fo lung tissue -> air space are filled w/ exudate contains WBCs (neutron) , RBC, fibrin

-red hepatization stage(looks like liver)

Question 35

What does the lung look like in pneumonia?

Answer 35

lung is heavy (exudate)

lung is firm and red (lack of air space)

Question 36

What are signs a symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 36

fever & chills
productive cough
decreased breath sounds
crackles in lungs

Question 37

What is Bronchiolitis Obliterans?

Where does it occur?

Answer 37

intralaminal polyploid plug of granulation tissue (new CT formed from healing) in terminal and respiratory bronchioles

Question 38

What is Bronchiolitis Obliterans caused by?

Symptoms?

Answer 38

caused: inhalation of diacetyl ; lung transplant ; infections pneumonias, diffuse alveolar damage

symptoms : SOB, wheezing, dry cough