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CPR Midterm > Body Folding & Body Cavities > Flashcards

Body Folding & Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Define embryonic growth ?

A

cell division and elaboration fo cell products

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2
Q

Define embryonic morphogenesis?

How is it controlled?

A

-devp. of size, shape, etc of a particular organ or part of whole body

–> controlled by gene expression and regulation ; changes in cell fate, shape, and movement allow interaction b/w cells during formation

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3
Q

Define embryonic differentiation?

A

cells organized in precise pattern of tissue & organs that are capable of performing specialized functions

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4
Q

What is a coelom?

A

body cavity lined by epithelium derived from mesoderm

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5
Q

What is the first step in embryonic folding and when does it occur?

A

-primordium of intraembryonic coelom appear ; they coal’s two make intra embryonic coelom

Week 4 (during same time as neurulation

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6
Q

What does the intraembryonic coelom split the lateral plate mesoderm into?

A
  • somatic (parietal) layer

- splanchnic (visceral layer)

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7
Q

what two layers of embryo for the body wall?

what is it called?

A
  • somatic layer and ectoderm

- somatopleure

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8
Q

What two layers of embryo for the embryonic gut?

what is it called?

A
  • splanchnic layer and endoderm

- splanchnopleure

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9
Q

What 3 planes does the embryo fold in simultaneously to get shape?

A

horizontal (cranial and caudal) and coronal (lateral) planes

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10
Q

When does the embryo begin to fold cranially?

A

Day 22 (4th wk)

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11
Q

Describe what happens during cranial folding

A
  • the primitive brain will overgrow the oropharyngeal membrane
  • this will push the septum transversum, IEC, and primordial heart ventrally
  • it will also pull the forget ( endoderm of umbilical vesicle) with it
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12
Q

What is the result of cranial folding?

A
  • pericardial cavity, primordial heart, and septum transverse are ventral
  • oropharyngeal membrane is now cranial to those structures
  • foregut is dorsal to all of those structures

-pericardioperitoneal canals are dorsal to pericardial cavity and heart, lateral to foregut

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13
Q

what primordial features does the foregut turn into?

A

-future pharynx, esophagus, lower respiratory system

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14
Q

Are the intraembryonic and extra embryonic coeloms in communication after cranial folding?

A

YES

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15
Q

Describe what happens during tail folding?

A
  • -caudal eminence overgrows the cloacal membrane
  • this causes the push of endoderm up and in = hindgut
  • pushes primitive streak caudal to cloacal membrane
  • allantois is partially incorporated
  • connecting stalk is moved ventrally
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16
Q

What promotes tail folding?

A

growth of distal neural tube (SC primordium)

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17
Q

What is the hindgut give rise to?

A

-descending colon, rectum

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18
Q

What does the terminal hind gut give rise to?

A

forms cloaca = rudiment of bladder and rectum

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19
Q

What is the allantois?

A

diverticulum of umbilical cord

20
Q

What is the connecting stalk?

A

future umbilical cord

21
Q

What initiates lateral folding?

A

rapid growth of SC and sorties

22
Q

Describe lateral folding

A
  • embryo extends ventrally -> cylindrical shape
  • abdominal wall begins to form and incorporates endoderm to for midgut (SI primordium)
  • connx b/e umbilical vesicle and midgut is narrowed = omphaloenteric duct/vitalline duct
  • IEC and EEC cone narrows
  • amniotic cavity expands
23
Q

Result of lateral folding?

A
  • IEC and EEC no longer in communications
  • amnion forms epithelial of umbilical cord
  • midgut connected to 2ndry yolk sac via vitalline duct
  • midgut formed
24
Q

What is Gastroschisis and what embryo step went awry?

A

protrusion of viscera due to failure of proper lateral folding

  • bowel is uncovered and in amniotic fluid
    • defect is right of the umbilical cord
25
Q

What is congenital epigastric hernia and what embryo step went awry?

A
  • midline bulge of abdominal wall b/w diploid process of sternum and umbilicus
  • due to defect in lateral folding
  • bowel not exposed to amniotic fluid (covered by skin and subQ)
26
Q

What does the intraembryonic coelom create?

A
  • pericardial cavity
  • pleural cavity
  • peritoneal cavity
27
Q

What does the extra embryonic coelom create?

A
  • chorionic sac
  • amniotic sac
  • yolk sac
  • allantois
28
Q

What are the intraembryonic coelom cavities lined with?

A

mesothelium (simple squamous)

29
Q

What folding causes the reshaping of the IEC?

A

cranial/head folding

30
Q

What does reshaping of the IEC due to cranial folding result in?

A
  • pericardial cavity

- pericardioperitoneal canals

31
Q

Describe the process by which the IEC turns into the pericardial cavity and formation of the pericardiopertioneal canals

A
  • IEC moves ventrally as pericardial cavity (anterior to foregut)
  • cavity then creates 2 pericardioperitoneal canals that run lateral to the foregut but dorsal to the cavity
  • developing heart now bulging inside of pericardial cavity
32
Q

What is the location of the septum transversum before cranial folding and after folding/reshaping of IEC?

A
  • before : ventral to IEC, primordial heart, and foregut

- after : caudal to pericardial cavity and primordial heart ; ventral to pericardioperitoneal canals ;

33
Q

What is the dorsal mesentery? and what does it do?

A
  • derivative of splanchopleuric mesoderm

- suspends formed, and hindgut in peritoneal cavity

34
Q

What is the septum transversum?

A

primordial central tendon of the diaphragm

35
Q

What causes the creation of pleural and peritoneal cavities?

A

growth of primordial lungs

36
Q

Describe the process of creating the pleural cavity?

A
  • pleuropericardial folds form superior to the lungs (house phrenic nerve and cardinal vein)
  • as bronchial buds grow they invaginate the fold and the fold begins to enlarge
  • fold projects into pericardioperitoneal canals
  • fold turns into membrane and fuses with mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus
37
Q

When is the pleural cavity created?

A

7th week

38
Q

What allows the pericardioperitoneal canal to expand to allow for septation?

A

bronchial buds

39
Q

What do the bronchial buds do to the mesenchyme?

A

-splits it to an outer and inner layer

outer = thoracic wall (parietal)
inner = fibrous pericardium (outer layer of pericardial sac
40
Q

Describe the process of creating the peritoneal cavity

A
  • pleuroperitoneal folds enlarge and project into canals
  • folds be/c membrane
  • membranes fuse with dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and septum transversum
  • myoblasts migrate into membrane to complete closure (diaphragm) (right closes before left)
41
Q

When is the peritoneal cavity created?

A

6th week

42
Q

What 4 components make up the diaphragm? and what do they turn into?

A
  • septum transversum (central tendon of diaphragm)
  • pleuroperitoneal membrane (primordial of diaphragm)
  • dorsal mesentery (median portion of diaphragm)
  • myoblasts (cur of diaphragm)
43
Q

Describe the innervation of the diaphragm

A
  • pleuropericardial membrane fuse with dorsal mesentery
  • membrane contain cardinal veins and myoblasts (diaphragm)
  • myoblasts pull ventral rami (C3-5) with them
  • passing thru membranes
  • phernic now on fibrous pericardium
44
Q

What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

-posterolateral visceral buldge into pleural cavity cause by failure of septum transversum to fuse posters-laterally with the pleuroperitoneal membrane

45
Q

What are the features of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A
  • lung maturation delayed
  • polyhydramnios may be present
  • LEFT SIDE
  • corrected at birth

CPR Midterm (13 decks)

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