CPR Autonomics

Question 1

SA node sympathetic nerve? receptor type? action? effect?

Answer 1

T1-T5

• B1
• increase rate of depolarization
• increase HR

Question 2

AV node/ AV bundle/Purkinjie fiber sympathetic

nerve? receptor type? action? effect?

Answer 2

T1-T5

• B1
• increase rate of delay phase 0
• increase conductance velocity
• increase ventricular rate if AV is pacemaker

Question 3

Atrial/Ventricular myocyte sympathetic innervation nerve? receptor? action?effect

Answer 3

• T1-T5
• B1
• increase Ca2+ influx
• increase contractility (pump stronger)

Question 4

What vasculature/arteries use Alpha 1 receptors for sympathetic input?

Answer 4

Coronary a. ; cutaneous vasculature ; splanchnic vessels

Question 5

What levels do splanchnic vessels receive sympathetic inn. from?

Answer 5

T5-L2

Question 6

What is special about sweat gland receptor and what does NE binding to those receptor cause?

Answer 6

sympathetic muscarinic -> sweat production via vasodilation

Question 7

What types of sympathetic receptors does skeletal m. have? actions? effects?

Answer 7

• alpha 1 = contract SM -> vasoconstriction of arterioles
• Beta -2 = relax SM -> vasodilation

(shows how body prioritizes blood flow in fight or flight)

Question 8

How is vasodilation accomplished in splanchnic vessels?

Answer 8

decrease of sympathetic activity

Question 9

What are the sympathetic receptors of veins? actions? effects?

Answer 9

• alpha 1 = contract SM -> increase venous return to heart

- Beta 1 & 2 = relax SM -> decrease venous return to heart

Question 10

What is the sympathetic innervation to the pulmonary circulation? receptors? actions? effects?

Answer 10

• 1st 5 thoracic ganglia (include. stellate)
• highest inn in pulm a. , trunk, and hilar vessels
• Alpha -1 = contract SM = vasoconstriction of LARGE pulmonary vessels
• B1 & 2 = relax SM -> vasodilator LARGE pulmonary vessels

Question 11

How does parasympathetic innervation of the pulmonary circulation have its effects?

Answer 11

ACH bind to muscaranic receptors

• receptors release NO
• NO causes SM to relax

HAS AN INDIRECT EFFECT

Question 12

What is the upper vs lower airway?

Answer 12

upper = nasal mucosa
lower = (extrinsic) bronchi & bronchioles
(intrinsic) = trachea and large airways

Question 13

What innervated intrinsic lower airways?

Answer 13

nerve plexuses derived from embryo gut

Question 14

What is the sympathetics innervation of the upper airway? receptors? action? effect?

Answer 14

• superior cervical ganglion of the facial n.
• Alpha 1
• SM contraction
• vasoconstriction & decreased mucous secretion

Question 15

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the upper airway? receptor? action? effect?

Answer 15

• parasympathetic branches of the trigeminal n. and pterygopalatine ganglia
• muscarinic
• relax SM
• > vasodilation and increase mucus secretions

Question 16

What is the sympathetic innervation of the lower airway? receptor? action? innervation?

Answer 16

T1-T5

• B2 (bronchial)
• relax bronchial SM
• bronchodilation and increase bronchial secretions

Question 17

What is the parasympathetic inn of the lower airway? receptor? action? effect?

Answer 17

Vagus n.

• muscarinic
• bronchoconstriction and decrease mucus secretion

Question 18

What are the 4 main vessels heavily innervated by sympathetics in the kidney?

Answer 18

1. afferent arteriole (blood flow into glom.)
2. efferent arteriole (blood flow out of glom.)
3. renal portal system (secrete subs)
4. juxtaglomerular system (secretes renin)

Question 19

What sympathetic receptor is on renal vascular tissue? action? effects?

Answer 19

alpha -1

• vasocoonstriction
• decrease blood flow to kidneys, decrease urine production = INCREASE BP

Question 20

What is the sympathetic receptor on the juxtaglomerular apparatus and where? actions? and effects ?

Answer 20

Beta- 1 on granule cells of afferent arteriole

• increase angiotensin 1 -> increase angio 2-> increase aldosterone release -> increase reads of Na & retention of H2O (release of vasopressin)
• RESULT = INCREASE IN BLOOD VOLUME THEREFORE INCREASING BLOOD PRESSURE