Thoracic & Lumbar Vertebral Mechanics Flashcards
Vertebral ROM
- Flexion: >45
- Extension: >20
- Sidebending: >15
- Rotation: >5
Cervical Spine Superior Facet Orientation
“BUM”
- Backward, upward, medial
Thoracic Spine Superior Facet Orientation
“BUL”
- Backward, upward, lateral
Lumbar Spine Superior Facet Orientation
“BM”
- Backwards, medial
Location of T1-T3, and T12 Spinous Processes in Relation to their Corresponding Transverse Processes
Spinous process located at the level of the corresponding transverse process
Location of T4-T6, and T11 Spinous Processes in Relation to their Corresponding Transverse Processes
Spinous process located 1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process
Location of T7-T10 Spinous Processes in Relation to their Corresponding Transverse Processes
Spinous process located at the level of the transverse process of the vertebrae one below
Landmarks: Scapular Spine
T3 Spinous Process
Landmarks: Inferior Angle of Scapula
T7 Spinous Process, T8 Transverse Process
Landmarks: Rib 12
T12
Landmarks: Iliac Crest
L4 Spinous Process
Anterior Longitudional Ligament
- strong, broad fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs
- limits extension
Posterior Longitudional Root
- narrower, somewhat weaker band that runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral boidies
- resists hyperflexion
- prevents posterior herniation of nucleus puplosus
Logamentum Flava
- connects the laminae of adjacent vertebra
Interspinous Ligaments
- connects adjoining spinous processes
Intertransverse Ligaments
- connects adjoining transverse processes
Rotatores Muscle Actions
- Bilateral: extends thoracic spine
- Unilateral: rotates thoracic spien to opposite side
Multifidus Muscle Actions
- Bilateral: extends spine
- Unilateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates to opposite side
Semispinalis Muscle Actions
- Bilateral: extends thoracic and cervical spines and head
- Unilateral: bends head, cervical and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side
Motion is always referenced to the movement of the __ surface of the vertebrae
Anterior/Superior
Muscle Dysfunction Model of Somatic Dysfunction
- Rotatores muscles affect a single segment – sidebend and rotate in the same direction, dysfunction would affect a single segment; type two dysfunction associated with this muscle
- Semispinalis and Multifidus affect multiple segments – sidebend and rotate in opposite directions, dysfunction would affect multiple contiguous segments; type one dysfunction associated with these muscles
Facet Model of Somatic Dysfunction
- In the neutral range the facets are not engaged
- In flexion the facets are open (if the facet is dysfunctionally open and won’t close then the vertebrae is flexed; stuck open = sidebend and rotate away)
- In extension the facets are closed (if a facet is dysfunctionally closed and won’t open, the vertebra is extended; stuck closed = sidebend and rotate towards)
Fryette Type One Somatic Dysfunction
- in the neutral range (not flexed or extended), sidebending and rotation are coupled in opposite directions
- rotation is towards the convexity of the spine
- typically tends to be a group of vertebra
Fryette Type Two Somatic Dysfunction
- in sufficient flexion or extension (non-neutral), sidebending and rotation are coupled in the same direction
- rotation is towards the concavity
- tends to be a single vertebra
- Muscle Dysfunction Model: rotatores muscles affect a single segment (sidebend and rotate in same direction)
