Introduction to MET & ART Flashcards
1
Q
Muscle Energy Technique Definition
A
- patient’s muscles are actively used, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific direction, against a distinctively executed physician counterforce
- ACTIVE and DIRECT technique
2
Q
Eccentric Contraction
A
muscle tension allows the origin and insertion to separate, in effect to lengthen the muscle
3
Q
Concentric Contraction
A
contraction of a muscle resulting in the approximation of the origin and insertion, to shorten the muscle
4
Q
Isotonic Contraction
A
- can be concentric or eccentric
- contraction against a steady but yielding counterforce, allowing a constant tone (constant weight)
- Ex. squatting, bicep curls
5
Q
Isokinetic Contraction
A
- concentric contraction
- the joint motion is at a constant rate/speed (weight can vary)
- Ex. same RPMs on bike while changing resistance
6
Q
Isolytic Contraction
A
- eccentric contraction
- the muscle’s concentric contraction is overpowered by a stronger counterforce (weight is greater than maximal effort) leading to a lengthening of the muscle
- Ex. occurs during the controlled lowering of a weight during a bicep curl
7
Q
MET: Post-Isometric Relaxation
A
- Goal: muscle relaxation
- Physiological Basis: immediately after an isometric contraction the neuromuscular apparatus is in a refractory state during which passive stretching may be performed without encountering strong myotatic reflex opposition
- increased tension on the Golgi organ proprioceptors in the tendons with muscle contraction; this inhibits the active muscle’s contraction
- Force of Contraction: sustained gentle pressure
8
Q
MET: Reciprocal Inhibition
A
- Goal: lengthen a muscle shortened by cramp or acute spasm
- Physiologic Basis: when a gentle contraction is initiated in the agonist musle, there is a reflexive relaxation of that muscle’s antagonistic group; Ex. cramping hamstring (agonist), contraction of quad (antagonist)
- Force of Contraction: ounces of pressure
- Ipsilateral technique
9
Q
MET: Crossed Extensor Reflex
A
- Goal: treat an area so severely injured (fxs or burns) that it cannot be manipulated or is inaccessible
- Physiological Basis: uses the learned “cross pattern locomotion reflexes” (walking) in the CNS; when the flexor muscle (L hamstring) in one extremity is contracted voluntarily, the flexor muscle in the contralateral extremity (R hamstring) relaxes and the extensor contracts (R quad)
- Force of Contraction: ounces of pressure
- contralateral technique
10
Q
MET: Oculocephalogyric Reflex
A
- Goal: affect reflex muscle contractions using eye motion
- Physiological Basis: eye movements reflexively affect the cervical and truncal musculature as the body attempts to follow the lead provided by eye motion
- Force of Contraction: exceptionally gentle
11
Q
MET: Respiratory Assistance
A
- Goal: improve body physiology with the patient’s voluntary respiratory motions
- Physiological Basis: muscular forces involved in this are generated by the simple act of breathing, which may involved the direct use of the respiratory muscles themselves or the motion transmitted to the spine, pelvis and extremities in response to ventilation motions
- Ex. Sacral dysfunction
- Force of Contraction: exaggerated respiratory motions
12
Q
Isometric Contraction
A
- neither eccentric or concentric
- distance between the origin and the insertion of the muscle is maintained at a constant length
- Ex. wall sit
13
Q
MET: Isolytic Lengthening
A
- Goal: lengthen a muscle shortened by contracture and fibrosis
- Physiological Basis: the vibration used has some effect on the myotatic units in addition to mechanical and circulatory effects
- Ex. Contracture of the biceps
- Force of Contraction: max contracture that can be comfortably resisted by the physician (30-50lb of pressure)
14
Q
MET: Isokinetic Strengthening
A
- Goal: reestablish normal tone and strength in a muscle weakened by reflex hypertonicity of the opposing muscle group
- Physiological Basis: where asymmetry of ROM exists there is also the potential for asymmetry in muscle strength; further restoration of strength can be accomplished through the use of this contraction – allows muscle to shorten at a controlled and slow rate
- Ex. weak quads due to shortened/hypertonic hamstrings
15
Q
MET: Joint Mobilization using Muscle Force
A
- Goal: restoration of joint motion in an articular dysfunction
- Physiological Basis: hypertonicity of musculature across a joint can cause distortion of articular relationships and motion loss; increase in muscle tone tends to compress the joint surfaces and results in thinning of the interventing layer of synovial fluid and adherence of the joint surfaces; restoration of motion to the articulation results in a gapping or reseating of the distorted joint relations with reflex relaxation of the previously hypertonic musculature
- Force of Contraction: max muscle contraction that can be resisted by the physician (30-50lb of pressure)
