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ECOS Midterm Exam > Posture & Gate > Flashcards

Posture & Gate Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Static Posture Screen: Facial Structures

A

Check alignment of:
- Eyes
- Ears
- Nose
- Angles of the jaw (angle of the mandible landmark)

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2
Q

Anterior Static Posture Screen: Trunk and UE Structures

A

Check alignment of:
- Larger neck muscles
- Acromion
- Clavicle
- Carriage of the arms
- Fingertip length

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3
Q

Anterior Static Posture Screen: Lower Trunk, Pelvis, & LE Structures

A

Check alignment of:
- Angle of rib cage
- Umbilicus
- Iliac crests
- Greater trochanter
- Knee
- Ankle

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4
Q

Common Anterior Postural Findings: Facial Droop

A

indicates nerve paralysis/stroke

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5
Q

Common Anterior Postural Findings: Flexed arm held against body

A

possible nerve damage or splinting due to an injury

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6
Q

Common Anterior Postural Findings: Knees facing inwards

A

possible bone pathology or due to leg pain

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7
Q

Posterior Static Posture Screen: Head, Neck, & Shoulder Structures

A

Check alignment of:
- Ears
- Cervical Spine (paravertebral muscle mass)
- Slope of shoulders
- Acromion
- Inferior angle of Scapula

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8
Q

Posterior Static Posture Screen: Trunk & LE Structures

A

Check alignment of:
- Spinal alignment
- Paraspinal muscles
- Iliac crests
- Greater trochanter
- Popliteal space
- Ankles

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9
Q

Common Posterior Postural Findings

A
  • Scoliosis: alternating unevenness
  • Short leg: anatomic vs postural
  • Shoulder winging: muscle/nerve weakness, postural
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10
Q

Lordosis

A
  • Anterior apex of curve
  • Present in Cervical and Lumbar region of spine
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11
Q

Kyphosis

A
  • Posterior apex of curve
  • Present in Thoracic and Sacrum region of spine
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12
Q

Ideal Posture

A
  • structures on or slightly anterior/posterior to gravitational line
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13
Q

Components of Lateral Static Postural Screen

A

Check alignment (in regards to Gravitational/Plumb Line) of:
- Head carriage
- Shoulder carriage
- Spinal curves
- Knees
- Pelvis

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14
Q

Poor/Hunched Posture

A
  • Lateral Static Posture finding
  • Loss or exaggeration of spinal curves
  • Large anterior carriage of head and shoulders – chronic MSK pain, muscle or neurologic pathology
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15
Q

Goals of Gait

A

Move body weight forward with as little energy as possible and without hurting oneself

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16
Q

Challenges to Gait

A
  • Must be able to absorb body weight/forces from ground
  • Transfer body weight in an efficient manner
  • Convert absorbed forces into forward movement
17
Q

Stance Phase

A

(1) Heel Strike: establish stable contact
(2) Loading Response: absorb ground reaction to weight
(3) Mid-stance to Pre-swing: body weight carried forward

18
Q

Swing Phase

A

(4) Toe-off
(5) Mid-swing
(6) Terminal swing

19
Q

Goals of Swing Phase

A
  • clear foot
  • advance LE
  • prepares LE for loading
20
Q

Ataxic Gait

A
  • neurologic etiology
  • effects both legs (bilateral)
  • wide base, irregular steps
  • lack of balances/proprioception
  • due to: alcohol intoxication, damage to balance centers of brain/spinal cord
21
Q

Hemiparesis (loss of function) Gait

A
  • neurologic etiology
  • effects one leg (unilateral)
  • will drag/pull limbs that are stuck in spasm – arm is flexed, leg extended (circumduction)
  • due to damage to motor control of brain; common with strokes
22
Q

Scissor Gait

A
  • neurologic etiology
  • bilateral
  • leg muscles stiff due to spasm with knees pointing inward
  • legs and foot commonly crosses midline
  • due to damage at motor part of brain; abnormal brain development or damage at birth (cerebral palsy)
23
Q

Steppage Gait/Foot Drop

A
  • neurologic etiology
  • unilateral
  • “hiking” = bending at hip/knee to raise weak leg higher; clears weak foot during swing phase
  • due to weakness in a specific nerve causing inability to raise the foot
24
Q

Parkinsonian Gait

A
  • neurologic etiology
  • bilateral
  • stiff and stooped over with tremors
  • short shuffling gait that speeds up involuntarily (Festinating)
  • due to damage in muscle tone/movement initiation center of brain (Parkinsons)
25
Q

Waddling Gait/Trendelenburg Gait

A
  • musculoskeletal etiology
  • bilateral
  • duck-like waddle – trunk shifts toward stance leg, hip drops on swing leg
  • due to trunk and leg muscular weakness/pathology
26
Q

Antalgic Gait

A
  • musculoskeletal etiology
  • unilateral
  • shorten gait to prevent placing weight on injury – decrease stance phase on effected limb
  • due to pain in LE
  • concern for trauma, joint damage, or joint inflammation

ECOS Midterm Exam (19 decks)

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