Somatic Dysfunction Flashcards
Osteopathic Tenets
- the body is a unit
- the body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms
- structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
- rational therapy is based upon an understanding of body unity, self-regulatory mechanisms, and the interrelationship of structure and function
Somatic Dysfunction
defined as the impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (bodywork) system including: the skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures, and their related vascular, lymphatic and neural elements
TART
- Tissue texture abnormalities
- Asymmetry of landmarks
- Restriction of motion
- Tenderness
Acute Somatic Dysfunction
- impaired or altered function of related components of the body framework system that is characterized by one or more of the following: pain, erythema, relative warmth, increased moisture/bogginess, vasodilation, edema, tenderness, tissue contraction
Chronic Somatic Dysfunction
- impairment or altered function of long-standing duration of related components of the body framework system characterized by one or more of the following: itching, paresthesia, palpable sense of tissue dryness, coolness, tissue contracture, fibrosis tenderness, pallor
Contraction
the process of which a muscle becomes or is made shorter and lighter
Contracture
an abnormal, sometimes permanent, contraction of a muscle
Words to Describe Acute Tissue Texture Abnormalities
- erythematous
- hot/increased warmth
- bogginess
- edema (swelling)
- spasm
- tissue contraction
Words to Describe Chronic Tissue Texture Abnormalities
- pale/blanching
- cool
- ropey
- stringy
- scar
- doughy
Sensitization
- progressive amplification of a response follows repeated administrations of a stimulus
- if the stimulus is terminated, neurons return to baseline
- Ex. rub arm for a prolonged period
Habituation
- decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to the stimulus over time
- allows us to “tune out”
- if the stimulus is terminated, neurons return to baseline
Facilitation
- maintenance of a pool of neurons in a state of subthreshold excitation
- less afferent stimulation is required to trigger the discharge of impulses
OMT
the therapeutic application of manually guided forces by an osteopathic physician to improve physiologic function and/or support homeostasis that has been altered by somatic dysfunction
OMT Contraindications
- no somatic dysfunction
- patient does not consent
- inappropriate clinical situation
- anatomic or physiologic considerations
What are the 5 Osteopathic Models?
(1) Biomechanical
(2) Neurologic
(3) Respiratory/Circulatory
(4) Metabolic/Energetic/Immune
(5) Behavioral (Biopsychosocial)
Systems of the Biomechanical Osteopathic Model
- musculoskeletal system (muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, fascia)
- integumentary (skin)
- body and its response to gravity
Systems of the Neurologic Osteopathic Model
Nervous system – brain, spinal cord, autonomic, parasympathetic (cranial nerves, sacral nerves), sympathetic (T1-L2)
Systems of the Respiratory/Circulatory Osteopathic Model
- cardiovascular (includes lymphatic system)
- respiratory
- nose, throat
- genitourinary
Systems of the Metabolic/Energetic/Immune Osteopathic Model
- gastrointestinal
- lymph organs (spleen, liver, thymus, tonsils, appendix, lymph nodes)
- endocrine (hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal axis)
Systems of the Behavioral Osteopathic Model
psychological — behaviors that influence health and health decisions
Biomechanical
(1) Health
(2) Disease
(3) Patient Care
(1) Health: efficient and effective posture and motion throughout the MSK system
(2) Disease: somatic dysfunction, inefficient posture, joint motion restrictions or hypermobility, instability
(3) Patient Care: alleviate SD utilizing osteopathic palpatory dx and OMT to restore normal motion and function throughout the body
Neurological
(1) Health
(2) Disease
(3) Patient Care
(1) Health: efficient and effective sensory processing, neural integration and control, autonomic balance, central and peripheral nervous functions
(2) Disease: abnormal sensation, imbalance of autonomic functions, central and peripheral sensitization/malfunction, pain syndromes
(3) Patient Care: restore normal sensation, neurological processes and control, alleviate pain
Respiratory-Circulatory
(1) Health
(2) Disease
(3) Patient Care
(1) Health: efficient and effective arterial supply, venous and lymphatic drainage to and from all cells, effective respiration
(2) Disease: vascular compromise, edema, tissue congestion, poor gas exchange
(3) Patient Care: remove mechanical impediments to respiration and circulation and relieve congestion and edema by improving venous and lymphatic drainage
Metabolic/Energetic/Immune
(1) Health
(2) Disease
(3) Patient Care
(1) Health: efficient and effective cellular metabolic processes, energy expenditure and exchange, endocrine and immune regulation and control
(2) Disease: energy loss, fatigue, ineffective metabolic processes, toxic waste buildup, inflammation, infection, poor wound healing, poor nutrition, adverse response to medication, loss of endocrine control of vital functions
(3) Patient Care: restore efficient metabolic processes and bioenergetics, alleviate inflammation, infection, restore healing and repair functions and endocrine control
