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Anatomy Unit 2 TRUNK > Thoracic Cavity > Flashcards

Thoracic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Attachements of spinous process

A

trapezius, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, transversospinalis, interspinous and supraspinous lig.

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2
Q

Transverse process attach:

A

erector spinae, psoas, levator scapulae, transversalis fascia

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3
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

originate in pulmonary trunk and carry deoxy blood from right ventricle of heart to lungs

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4
Q

where does the esophagus enter the diaphragm

A

esophageal hiatus

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5
Q

collateral branch

A

T1-6 arise near angles of the ribs and descend along superior margin of the lower rib, to supply intercostal and parietal pleura

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6
Q

path of right side of heart

A

SVC or IVC with low O2 blood into right atrium, through tricusupid valve to right ventricle, then delivers blood to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve.

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7
Q

phrenic n. passes _____ to the root of the lung

A

anterior

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8
Q

bronchopulmonary nodes

A

drain pulmonary nodes and bronchi along main bronchi

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9
Q

Pulmonary veins run ______ to the pulmonary arteries

A

Inferior

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10
Q

Sympathetic fibers of lung

A

bronchodilater vasoconstrictor, inhibits alveolar glands

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11
Q

Respiration movements

A

Superior-Anterior movement due to anterior ribs being inferior to posterior (sternum up and forward) Lateral: due to middle shaft being inferior to ends

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12
Q

path of left side of heart

A

pulmonary veins deliver O2 rich blood from lungs into left atrium. passes through bicuspid value into left ventricle, then passes through aortic valve into the ascending aorta to rest of the body.

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13
Q

what is on the body of the sternum

A

sternal angle costal notches (articulates with 2-7)

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14
Q

Path of trachea

A

Trachea –> R and L bronchi –> lobal Bronchi (l2, R3) –> Segmental Bronchi –> (Bronchioles) broncho-pulmonary segment

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15
Q

visceral pericardium

A

forms the epicardium, outermost of three layers of heart walls gives rise to the transverse pericardial sinus and the oblique pericardial sinus

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16
Q

costomedialstinal recess

A

occurs in area where costal pleura is opposed to mediastinal pleura region overlying the heart.

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17
Q

paratracheal nodes

A

drain trachiobronchial nodes located solely on trachia

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18
Q

costotransverse

A

synovial plane articulate surface on tubercle of rib to transverse process or costotubular facet

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19
Q

posterior mediastinal lymph nodes

A

esophagus and thoracic aorta, posterior pericardium and diaphragm, middle posterior intercostal spaces.

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20
Q

subcostal n.

A

T12 S, Post G Sym skin overlying lateral and anterior, parietal peritoneum, and muscles of anterior ab wall, LMN muscles of anterior ab wall

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21
Q

Divisions of the thorax

A

2 pleural cavities and mediastinum

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22
Q

Thoracic dorsal rami - lateral

A

S, Post G symp back muscles and skin LMN of back

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23
Q

pulmonary nodes

A

drain the lung located in lung on lobar bronchi

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24
Q

The oblique pericardial sinus is bounded posteriorly by

A

the pericardium overlying the anterior aspect of the esophagus

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25
Q

interventricular sulci

A

separates the right and left ventricles. anterior and posterior

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26
Q

What is the conus arteriosus?

A

The tapering into an atrial cone, which leads to the pulmonary trunk. It is the smooth cardiac muscle leading to the pulmonary trunk.

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27
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

ducts of the breast. give rise to buds that develop into 15-20 lobes of the mammary gland to accumulate milk during nursing.

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28
Q

what is the supraventricular crest?

A

in the right ventricle ridge that changes the flow of the blood from a downward direction more upwards, towards the pulmonary trunk.

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29
Q

tracheobronchial

A

drain brochpulmonary and posterior mediastinal nodes, trachea and heart located along division of trachea into bronchi

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30
Q

oblique pericardial sinus

A

a wide pocket like recess in pericardial cavity posterior to base of heart formed by left atrium.

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31
Q

thymus

A

primary lymphoid organ in superior and anterior mediastinum after puberty, undergoes gradual involution and is replaced by fat. Rich aterial supply from anterior intercotstal a.

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32
Q

What is the septum?

A

remnant of the fossa ovalis or Formen ovale from the fetus oval or thumb size depression located in the right atrium

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33
Q

Costal Facet of vertebral body

A

ariculates with head of rib

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34
Q

endothoracic fascia

A

lines the thorax between intercostal muscles and the pleura; equivalent to transversalis fascia in abdomen

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35
Q

Name of fascia in thorax

A

endothoracic fascia

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36
Q

the r pulmonary a passes _____ to the aorta, SVC, and superior pulmonary vein

A

posterior

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37
Q

oblique fissure

A

separates inferior lobe and superior lobe and middle lobe of right lung

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38
Q

Apical Nodes

A

drains superior breast and other axillary nodes located on subclavian v.

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39
Q

Lobes left vs right

A

Left has 2 lobes, right and 3

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40
Q

Right side of heart recieves

A

low O2 blood from SVC and IVC in right atrium

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41
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess

A

between costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura. region between inferior margin of lung and inferior margin of pleura cavity.

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42
Q

Manubrium att.

A

pectoralis major

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43
Q

What are the identifying features of the Right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve conus arteriosus Atrioventricular orifice pulmonary trunk orifice. Pulmonary valve Trabeculae carnae and steomarginal trabecula on wall of ventricle

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44
Q

sternocostal

A

synovial plane between costal cartilage and sternum for 1-7

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45
Q

tubercle of rib

A

articular facet that articulates with transverse process

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46
Q

The SVC is ________ and _______ to the trachea.

A

anterior and lateral

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47
Q

What is the innervation of the pericardium?

A

phrenic n., vagus n.

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48
Q

What is the pulmonary valve?

A

the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. semilunar cusps

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49
Q

esophagus

A

extends from pharynx to stomach enters Sup. mediastinum between trachea and vertebral column (anterior to T1-T4. enters Post Mediastinum posterior and to the right of the arch of the aorta before movign left and passing through esophageal haitus into diphragm.

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50
Q

Thoracic Dorsal Rami - Medial

A

S, Post G symp back muscles and skin LMN of back

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51
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

returns blood from structures superior to diaphragm, excep lungs and heart. Enters right atrium On right side of posterior mediastinum

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52
Q

What are the orifices of the right atrium?

A

Atrioventricular (R atrium to right ventricle) coronary Sinus (receives cardiac veins) Inferior Vena Cava Superior Vena Cava

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53
Q

Operations of the semilunar cusps

A

Regulate directional blood flow based on pressure. When pressure is high, cusps collapse and left blood flow through. when pressure is low, cusps are closed like umbrellas. Looking superiorly on the cusp is like looking downward at three umbrellas (UU)

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54
Q

Anterior mediastinum

A

Thymus, lymph nodes, sternopericardial ligmanet

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55
Q

Internal and innermost intercostal m

A

from rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior lateral depression of ribs intercostal n. ant and post intercostal a.

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56
Q

The transverse pericardial sinus runs ______ to the SVC and ______ to the atria.

A

anterior, superior

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57
Q

Base of lung

A

sits on diaphragm

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58
Q

coronary arteries

A

right and left arise from corresponding aortic sinuses at the proximal part of the ascending aorta and pass around opposite sides of pulmonary trunk.

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59
Q

Parietal Nodes of Thoracic area

A

Parasternal intercostal diaphragmatic posterior mediastinal

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60
Q

what is characteristic of the left ventricle?

A

Aortic valve Aortic and atrioventricular orifices bicuspid valve (mitral) interventricular septum trabeculae carnae that is finer and more numberous thicker walls than right ventricle

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61
Q

nerves of lung

A

pulmonary plexus vagus nerve CN X Cell bodies are pre-ganglionic and are in the sympathetic trunk.

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62
Q

Posterior mediastinum

A

esophagus, trachea, thoracic aorta, azygous,v., thoracic duct, sympathetic trunks, thoracic nodes

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63
Q

Trachea

A

descends anterior to the esophagus and enters superior mediastinum ends at sternal angle and divides into the right and left bonchi

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64
Q

Attachments to angle of rib

A

erector spinae

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65
Q

Brachiocephalic veins

A

formed posterior to sternoclavicular joints by union of internal jugular and subclavian veins. United to for SVC at border of 1st rigth costal cartilage

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66
Q

where are the auricles located?

A

Right auricle on right atrium left auricle on left atrium

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67
Q

What are the orifices of the right ventricle?

A

Atrioventricular pulmonary trunk

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68
Q

The thoracic duct

A

largest lymph channel in body lies left of the esophagus in the SM Are to the right of the descending thoracic aorta in the posterior mediastinum, along the anterior aspect of the vertebrae. passes through the

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69
Q

bronchial arteries

A

supply blood for nutrition to the root of the lungs, supporting tissue and visceral pleura. either arise from the thoracic aorta or from upper posterior intercostal arteries.

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70
Q

Intercostal n. T1-6

A

S, Post G sym intercostal muscles and parietal pleura LMN of intercostal muscles Lateral cutaneous anterior cutaneous collateral branch intercostobrachial n.

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71
Q

Left pulmonary Artery

A

shorter than right

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72
Q

the oblique pericardial sinus is bounded ________ by the pericardial reflections surrounding the pulmonary veins and IVC.

A

laterally

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73
Q

What are the contents of the mediastinum?

A

thymus pericardiac sac, heart trachea, major arteries and veins

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74
Q

coronary sulcus

A

separates atria from ventricles

75
Q

superior articular facet

A

articulates with adjacent inferior articular facet

76
Q

Xiphoid process att

A

diaphragm and rectus abdominus

77
Q

Joints of thoracic cage

A

costovertebral costotransverse sternocostal

78
Q

Middle mediastinum

A

Heart, pericardium, origin fo great vessles, nerves, small vessles

79
Q

the SVC is _______and ______ to the ascending aorta

A

posterior and lateral

80
Q

Pulmonary Ligament

A

thin blade-like fold of pleura that projects inferirly from root of lung to mediastinum. stabilize and accommodate up and down translocation.

81
Q

Left side of heart recieves

A

Rich O2 blood from pulmonary veins

82
Q

pericardinal cavity

A

potential space between opposing serious pericardium

83
Q

Base of heart

A

heart’s posterior aspect formed mainly by left atrium faces to vertebral bodies receives pulmonary veins, SVC and IVC

84
Q

what are the orifices of the left ventricle?

A

antrioventricular Aortic (to arch of the aorta)

85
Q

Characteristics of a valve?

A

Cusps attach to fibrous ring around orifice. Cordae Tendinae attach to edges and ventricular surface of cusps Cordae tendinae are attached to papillary muscles in ventricular wall. When papillary muscles contract, it draws the cusps together like an umbrella to prevent back-flow of the blood.

86
Q

Right coronary artery

A

from right coronary sinus along coronary sulcus. near origin, give off sinuatrial nodal branch to supply SA node. gives off right marginal branch to supply right border as it turns towards apex of heart. goes around the heart towards the crux of the heart to give off antrioventricular nodal branch to supply AV node. typically the right gives off the posterior interventricular branch.

87
Q

attachments to shaft of rib

A

pectoarlis minor, serratus anterior, external, internal, and innermost innercostal, diaphragm, quadratus lumborum

88
Q

Visceral lymph nodes

A

pulmonary borcnhopulmonary tracheobronchial paratracheal

89
Q

scalene tubercle

A

located on 1st rib anteiror scalene muscle to 1st rib

90
Q

What are Crista terminalis

A

located in right atrium is the terminal crest, or vertical ridge, that separates the smooth cardiac muscle from rough pectinate muscle

91
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Merging of all the veins of the heart to feed into the right atrium.

92
Q

Anterior cutaneous branch

A

T1-6 S, Post G sym of skin overly anterior intercostal space

93
Q

Circumflex branch

A

continuation of the left coronary a. travels around coronary sulcus and gives off left marginal a. and terminates on the posterior aspect of the heart.

94
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Super and inferior carry oxygenated blood from lungs back to left atrium; middle lobe vein is a tributary of the right superior pulmonary vein. run independently of bronchi and arteries in the lung.

95
Q

mitral valve

A

bicuspid valve separating left and right ventricles anterior and posterior cusps More developed papillary muscles

96
Q

The right phrenic nerve passes _____ to the right brachiocephalic vein, SVC and pericardium.

A

on the right

97
Q

transversus thoracis

A

from posterior sternum to costal cartilage depression of ribs intercostal n. internal thoracic and anterior intercostal a.

98
Q

what drains the pleura

A

parasternal (anterior) diaphragmatic posterior mediastinal

99
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

valve between right atrium and left atrium three cusps - anterior, posterior, and septal Chordae tendinae - attach to free edges and ventricular surfaces of the three cusps Anterior (from anterior wall with CT to A and P), posterior (from inferior wall with CT to P and S), and septal papillary muscles (from interventricular septum to A and S)

100
Q

Parasternal nodes:

A

medial breast, upper ab. wall, anterior pleura and part of liver located between costal cartilage on lateral sides of sternum

101
Q

costal groove of rib

A

houses intercostal v, a, and n.

102
Q

in the right lung the ______ to R. bronchi

A

anteriorly

103
Q

the L pulmonary A. runs __________ to the L bronchus

A

superiorly

104
Q

Diaphragmatic nodes

A

drain liver, pleura, and diphragm located psoteior to xiphoid process and sit where phrenic n. penetrates diaphragm and where diaphragm attaches to vertebral column

105
Q

Visceral pleura

A

continuous with parietal and hilum of lungs innervated by visceral afferent nerves that accompany bronchial vessels

106
Q

How does the thoracic aorta enter the diaphragm?

A

aortic hiatus

107
Q

Azygos vein

A

forms collateral pathway between SVC and IVC and drains blood from thorax and abdomen. Passes close to the right sides of the vertebral bodies and arches over the root of the right lung to join SVC. Also communicates with vertebral venous plexus.

108
Q

What is pleura? what types are there?

A

single layer of mesothelium Parietal: post to chest wall and diaphragm visceral: against lungs

109
Q

Intercostobrachial n.

A

T2 only S, Post G sym of skin overly proximal and medial aspect of arm and armpit Important for referred pain. Pain can originate at the heart, due to location of T2, but you will feel it in the armpit.

110
Q

the R pulmonary a. passes _______ to the tracheal bification and ______ to the right bronchus

A

anterior/inferior anteriorly

111
Q

Right lung

A

3 lobes 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal)

112
Q

the left bronchus runs ______ to the L pulmonary a.

A

inferiorly

113
Q

diaphragmatic part of pleura

A

covers diaphragm innervated by phrenic n.

114
Q

where are the groove for suclavian a and v located

A

1st rib

115
Q

posterior interventricular branch

A

splits off the right coronary a in the posterior aspect of the heart and goes down the posterior IV groove towards apex.

116
Q

Foramen ovale

A

is found in the left atrium is a semilunar depression from fetal development.

117
Q

horizontal fissure

A

separates superior lobe from middle lobe

118
Q

mediastinal part of pleura

A

covers mediastinal innervated by phrenic n.

119
Q

what is on the transverse process and articulate with rib?

A

cosotubercular facet

120
Q

SA node

A

sinuatrial node located antero-laterally to epicardium at the junction of the SVC and right atrium

121
Q

bronchopulmonary segment

A

area provided by segmented bronchi and accompanied pulmonary artery. pulmonary veins pass intersegmentally smallest functionally independent lung region, can be isolated without affecting adjacent regions

122
Q

what is on the manubrium

A

jugular notch clavicular notch and facet costal notch and facet for 1st rib

123
Q

Inspiration vs. expiration

A

inspiration is active; expiration is usually passive

124
Q

Apex

A

projects above the 1st rib and into root of neck

125
Q

costotubercular facet

A

located on transverse process articulates with rib

126
Q

Phrenic N.

A

C3-5 S, Post G symp to pericardium and central tendon (and adacent pleura and peritoneum) LMN and post G sym of diaphgram

127
Q

What are distinctive features of the right atrium?

A

Crista terminalis Pectinate muscles Septum or Fossa Ovalis

128
Q

Apex of heart

A

infero-lateral aspect of left ventricle posterior to 5th intercostal space remains motionless

129
Q

what is the purpose of the cordae tendinae?

A

Prevent valve from ballooning into the atrium in the opposite direction.

130
Q

What is the blood supply and drainage of the pericardium?

A

percardiocophrenic a. and v.

131
Q

hemiazygos vein

A

arises on the left side by the junction of the left subcostal and ascending lumbar. ascends on left side of vertebral column posterior to throacic aorta up until T9, where it crosses to the right, posterior to the aorta, thoracic duct, and esophagus and joins the azygous vein.

132
Q

what is notable about the trabeculae carne in the right vs. left ventricle?

A

in the left it is much finer and more prominent than in the right

133
Q

suspensory ligaments of the breast

A

attaches the mammary gland to the dermis of the overlying skin.

134
Q

Bronchial veins

A

only drain part of blood supplied to lungs, the remainder is trained by pulmonary veins.

135
Q

what does serous fluid in pleura do?

A

helps lubricate for sliding of lungs creates surface tension to both both pleura and the lungs alongside in breathing

136
Q

The Transverse pericardial sinus runs ______ to the pulmonary trunk and ________ to the ascending aorta.

A

Posterior and posterior

137
Q

costovertebral

A

synovial plane articualte head of Rib to vertebral body

138
Q

mediastinum

A

mass of tissue between pulmonary cavities - central part of thoracic cavity. from superior thoracic aperture to the diaphragm and from costal cangle to anterior to thoracic vertebral bodies loose connective tissue enable for those attached to it to move during respiration, passage of heart Acts as conduit for esophagus, throacic ducts, and nerves

139
Q

Ventral Rami of Thoracic spinal n.

A

intercostal n. T1-6 Intercostal n T7-11 subcostal n. t12

140
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air in pleura cases decreased surface tension and leads to collapsed lung

141
Q

the azygous vein runs ______ to they hilum of the right lung

A

superior and posterior

142
Q

Ascending aorta

A

arrises from aortic oriface. only branches are coronary arteries. middle medistinum

143
Q

L pulmonary a. passes ______ to the descending aorta and ______ ti the superior pulmonary vein

A

anterior posterior

144
Q

costal part of pleura

A

articulates to ribs and intercostal spaces innervated by intercostal n.

145
Q

Intercostal T7-T11

A

S, Post G sym: intercostal muscles, anterior ab muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleaura, parietal peritoneum LMN: intercostal m., anterior ab wall m. lateral cutaneous branch anterior cutaneous branch collateral branch

146
Q

What is the septomarginal trabecula?

A

also know as moderator band in the right ventricle a curved muscle that traverse the right ventricular chamber from inferior part of Intraventricular septum to anterior papillary muscle. *carried part of the AV node*

147
Q

Explain the conduction of the heart:

A

the Cardiac plexus sends axon potentials to the SA node (sinuatrial doe) to initiate and regulate heart beat. SA node myogenically sends signal to both atria This activates the AV node in the Setomarginal trabeculae, which transmits signal through AV bundle. AV bundles divide into right and left around interventricular septum and then active purkinje fibers which extend to wall of respective vencricles.

148
Q

aortic valve

A

semilunar valve separating right ventricle from ascending aorta has posterior, right and left cusps

149
Q

transverse pericardial sinus

A

formed by visceral pericardium transversely running passage between Aorta and Pulmonary heart and where SVC and IVC and pulmonary vein enter the heart. runs posterior to pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta and anterior to SVC, and superior to atria of the heart

150
Q

Inguinal Nodes

A

located near inguinal canal may drain inferior breast

151
Q

What is trabeculae carnae?

A

in the right ventricle the irregular muscle, leads to the supraventricular crest.

152
Q

Parasternal nodes

A

located laterally to sternum in between costal cartilage drains medial breast

153
Q

Inner layer pericardium

A

serous layer

154
Q

cervical pleura

A

lines the cervical extension of pleura cavity

155
Q

orifices of the left atrium?

A

atrioventricular pulmonary veins (4 total R sup, R In, L sup, L inf)

156
Q

Inferior mediastinum

A

Anterior, Middle and posterior From t4 to the diaphgram

157
Q

Calm inspiration

A

Volume change due to contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

158
Q

The phrenic nerve passes ______ to the root of the lung .

A

anterior

159
Q

what lymph nodes drain the breast?

A

parasternal inguinal infraclavicular axillary apical axillary

160
Q

Left lung

A

2 lobes oblique fissure lingula of left lung (projects over heart bulge)

161
Q

Expiration

A

passive; relaxation of diaphragm, recoiling of lungs

162
Q

Hilum of lung

A

where pumlonary a., 2 pulmonary vs., a main bronchi, two bronchial vessels, nerves, and lymphatics enter and leave the lung

163
Q

Lateral cutaneous branch

A

T1-6 S, Post G symp of skin overlying lateral intercostal space

164
Q

Infraclavicular nodes:

A

located inferior to clavical may drain superior breast

165
Q

External intercostal

A

from rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior medial elevation of ribs intercostal n. ant and post intercostal a.

166
Q

what covers the mediastinum

A

mediastinal cavotu

167
Q

AV node

A

atrioventricular node, smaller nodal tissue. located in posteroinferior region of interatrial septum near opening of coronary sinus.

168
Q

Attachments to verebral body

A

psoas, diaphragm (crura) .m, ant and post longitudina lig.

169
Q

superior mediastinum

A

superior thoracic aperture to horizontal plane

170
Q

What are pectinate muscles?

A

located in the right atrium the rough, muscular anterior wall

171
Q

head of rib

A

has articular facet that articulates with body of vertebrae

172
Q

What are the notable features of the left atrium?

A

forms base of the heart Foramen ovale orifice: atrioventricular and pulmonary veins thicker walls than the right atrium

173
Q

Outer layer of pericardium

A

fibrous layer, continuous with central tendon of diaphragm.

174
Q

Forced inspiration

A

recuirt sternocleidomastoid, pectoral, and scalene muscles to help expand cavity.

175
Q

Left coronary artery

A

from left aortic sinus and passes between left auricle and left side of pulmonary trunk to run along coronary sulcus. divides into two branches, the anterior IV branch and the circumflex branch.

176
Q

forced expiration

A

utilizing internal intercostal and abdominal muscles

177
Q

Root of lung

A

short tubular collection of strugures that attach the lung to mediastinum

178
Q

Pericardium

A

fibrouserous material that covers heard and beginning of great vessels. Composed of two layers, a rough external language and thin serous membrane.

179
Q

Vagus n. passes _______ to the root of the lung

A

posterior

180
Q

axillary nodes

A

predominate drainage of breast located on axillary v., subscapular v.,, and pectoral v.

181
Q

Body of sternum att.

A

pectoralis major transversis thoracis

182
Q

Superior division of mediastinum

A

from superior thoracic aperature to T4 Thymus, thrachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, aortic artch, brachiocephalic trunk, SVC, vagus n., left recurrent vegus

183
Q

auricles of heart

A

conical muscular pouch that project from the chapers as add-ons to increase the chambers capacity.

184
Q

intercostal nodes

A

drain lateral and posterior thoracic wall head/neck of ribs (posterior)

Anatomy Unit 2 TRUNK (9 decks)

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