Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

White Rami Communications

Answer 1

T1-L2

carries pre-ganglionic symp axons to sympathetic chain and prevertebral ganglia and sensory axons from viscera to spinal cord.

Question 2

where is the nerve cell body of the pre-ganglionic nueron located?

Answer 2

lateral horn of the gray matter

Question 3

Where are the post-ganglionic cell bodies located?

Answer 3

in periphery, outside CNS
In either Sympathetic chain ganglion (paravertebral ganglion)
or
prevertebral ganglia

Question 4

Sympathetic chain ganglion

Answer 4

located on either side of vertebral column and extend to entire length of column. House cell bodies for post-ganglionic sympathetic cells

Question 5

Prevertebral ganglia

Answer 5

are in the plexuses that surround the main branches of the abdominal aorta
They house the post-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies.

Question 6

Describe path of sympathetic nervous system innervated head, neck, limbs and muscles

Answer 6

Leave spin cord through ventral roots to enter ventral rami of spinal cords T1-L2.
Leave ventral rami and pass to sympathetic trunks through WHITE RAMI communicates.
Pre-synaptic fibers either:
1) ascend sympathetic trunk to synapses with post-ganglionic neuron of higher or lower paravertebral ganglion
2) enter and synapses immediately on paravertebral ganglion.
These then leave the sympathetic chain ganglia through the gray ramus (unmyelinated) and enter back into the dorsal and ventral rami.

Question 7

Path of sympathetic innervating viscera

Answer 7

Leave spin cord through ventral roots to enter ventral rami of spinal cords T1-L2.
Leave ventral rami and pass to sympathetic trunks through WHITE RAMI communicates.
Pre-synaptic pass through sympathetic trunk without synapsing (except thoracic) and continue through a splanchnic nerve to reach pre-vertebral ganglia

Question 8

Gray rami

Answer 8

C1- S5
carry post-ganglionic sympathetic axons from sympathetic chain ganglion to the spinal nerves for distribution through dorsal and ventral rami.

Question 9

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic n.

Answer 9

Sensory
post-ganglionic sympathetic
from cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

Question 10

Upper thoracic splanchnic n.

Answer 10

T1-5
Sensory
post-ganglionic sympathetic
from upper thoracic sympathetic chain to aortic plexus

Question 11

Lower thoracic splanchnic n.

Answer 11

T5-T12 Greater, lesser and least

Question 12

Greater Splanchnic n.

Answer 12

T5-9
Preganglionic sympathetic: to celiac ganglion
Sensory axons from viscera to celiac artery

Question 13

Lesser splanchnic n.

Answer 13

T10-11
Preganglionic sympathetic to superior mesenteric ganglion
sensory axons supplied to superior mesenteric artery

Question 14

Least splanchnic n.

Answer 14

T12
preganglionic sympathetic to aorticorenal ganglion
sesnory axons from viscera supplied to renal, suprarenal and gonadal a.

Question 15

Lumbar splanchnic n.

Answer 15

L1-5
Preganglionic sympathetic to inferior mesenteric ganglion or scatter ganglia of hypogastric plexus
sensory axons from viscera to IM a. and internal iliac a.

Question 16

Sacral splanchnic n.

Answer 16

S1-5
Preganglionic sympathetic to scattered ganglia of hypogastric plexus
sensory axons from viscera to inferior mesenteric and internal iliac a.

Question 17

what prevertebral ganglia are there?

Answer 17

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
aorticorenal
inferior mesenteric

Question 18

Celiac ganglia

Answer 18

Houses post-ganglionic sympathetic nueronal cell bodies innervating viscera from celica a.
Esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

Question 19

Superior mesenteric ganglia

Answer 19

houses post-ganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating SM a.
Derivatives of midgut: head and uncinate process of pancreas, dudoenum, jejunum, ileum, transvers colon, ascending colon, cecum, appeendix

Question 20

Aorticorenal ganglia

Answer 20

houses post-ganglion sympathetic neuroanl cell bodies innervating renal, supraregnal and gonadal a.
kidney, suprarenal gland, gonads

Question 21

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

Answer 21

houses post-ganglion sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating IM a.
Hind gut derivatives
Descending colon, sigmoid, proximal rectum

Question 22

Cardiac plexus

Answer 22

Sensory
Post-Ganglionic sympathetic (Cardiopulmonary splanchnic)
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (Vagus)
inn: heart and coronary a.

Question 23

Pulmonary Plexus

Answer 23

Sensory
Post-Ganglionic sympathetic (Cardiopulmonary splanchnic)
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (Vagus)
inn: pulmonary and brachial a., trachea, bronchi

Question 24

Aortic Plexus

Answer 24

Sensory
Post-Ganglionic sympathetic (Upper thoracic splanchnic)
inn: thoracic aorta and branches

Question 25

Celiac plexus

Answer 25

Sensory
pre-Ganglionic sympathetic (greater splanchnic)
post-ganglionic sympathetic (Celiac ganglia)
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (Vagus)
inn: viscera of celiac a. (stomach, pancreas, spleen, esopagus, liver, gallbladder, superior duodenum)

Question 26

Superior Mesenteric Plexus

Answer 26

Sensory
pre-Ganglionic sympathetic (Less splanchnic)
post-ganglionic sympathetic (SM ganglia)
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (Vagus)
inn: viscera of SM a. (duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, iliac, asending colon, cecum, appendix, transverse colon)

Question 27

Aorticorenal Plexus

Answer 27

Sensory
pre-Ganglionic sympathetic (Least splanchnic)
post-ganglionic sympathetic (aorticorenal ganglia)
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (Vagus)
inn: viscera of renal, suprarenal and gonadal a. (kidney, suprarenal glands, gonads)

Question 28

Inferior Mesenteric Plexus

Answer 28

Sensory
pre-Ganglionic sympathetic (Lumbar splanchnic)
post-ganglionic sympathetic (IM ganglia)
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (Pelvic Splanchnic n)
inn: viscera of IM a. (desc colon, sigmoid, superior rectum)

Question 29

Hypogastric plexus

Answer 29

Sensory
pre-Ganglionic sympathetic (Lumbar and Sacral splanchnic)
post-ganglionic sympathetic (scattered ganglia)
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (Pelvic Splanchnic n)
inn: viscera of internal iliac a. (ductus deferens, bladder, ureter, uterus, rectum, seminal vesicle, clitoris or penile glands, corpus cavernosum, and skin, perineal muscles and bulb of labia or scrotum

Question 30

Parasympathetic nerves

Answer 30

Located either in gray matter of the brainstem and exit through cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 or 10
or from sacral segments of spinal cord S2-4 and the pelvic splanchnic nerves that arise from their anterior rami.

Question 31

What supplies thoracic and abdominal viscera with parasympathetic n?

Answer 31

Vagus n. from esophagus to end of transverse colon

Question 32

What does the sacral outflow of supply?

Answer 32

GI tract of descending colon and below

Question 33

Length of presynpatic fibers vs post synpatic fibers of parasympathetic

Answer 33

Presynpatic are very long from CNS to effector organ

post are very short, running from ganglion located near of on effector organ

Question 34

Vagus N.

Answer 34

Carries pre-ganglionic parasympathetic n to thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level fo the left colic flexture
Sensory axons innervating same viscera

Question 35

Pevlic Splanchnic n.

Answer 35

S2-4
Carries sensory and pre-ganglionic parasympatheic axons innervating descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, bladder, uterus, and erectile tissues.
Branches from ventral rami to either act directly on pelvic viscera or extend through hypogastric plexus and along IM a. to act on those viscera the IM supplies.

Question 36

Pudendal N. Parasympathetic

Answer 36

preganglionic parasympathetic n. to corpus spongiosum (bulb of vesitbule) and corpa cavernosa.

Branches off the ventral rami of S2-4