Basic emryology Flashcards

1
Q

Separation into pleura and pericardinal cavities

A

pleuropericardial folds (mesoderm) appear in between developing lungs and heart grow from lateral body wall towards midline to separate pericardial cavity (ventrally) from pleural cavity (dorsally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what forms the lower arm of the umbilical herniaton

A

terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

canalicular period

A

16-26 weeks Respiratory bronchiles and some alveolar ducts start to appear (terminal sacs start to form, but not enough or mature enough). some vascularization starts to appear, but premature is infants have poor prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the trachea made out of?

A

epithelium and glands are endoderm smooth muscle, connective tissue, cartilage come from splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

incomplete closure of pericardioperitoneal canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mesenery

A

formed by splanchinic mesoderm around gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Liver formation

A

Through a hepatic diverticulum that grows in the ventral mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vitelline duct

A

the connection to the yolk sac in the midgut to the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bild Duct

A

grows in ventral mesentery and rotates left 270° to enter duodenum from posterior left and fuse with pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ventral mesentery of liver becomes..

A

falciform ligmanet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mesentery between stomach and liver become…

A

lesser omentum This is derived from spetum trasnversum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urethral plate in the males

A

is inclosed inside and reaches tip of penis by ectodermal thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What forms glans of clitoris?

A

slight elongation of genital tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Genital ducts

A

mesonephric ( wolffian) paramesonephric ducts (mullarian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

female reproductive tract

A

no SRY develops ovary into Follicular cells and stromal cells no TDF means no testosterone and the mesonephric ducts regress and paramesonephric ducts persists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how long until external genetalia are indistinguishable

A

week 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

urogential sinus of female

A

bladder, urethra, lower 2/3 of vagina, bulbourethral glands, vestibule,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Physiological herniation

A

when the elongation of the mid gut tube is too rapid for the growth of the body cavity and herniates out of the umbilical cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

urogenital sinus creates…

A

bladder, urethra, vagina, prostate gland, and prostatic and membranous urethras in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Foramen ovale

A

shunt between right and left atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

metanephric blastema produces…

A

formation of nephrons bowman’s capsule, convuluted tubes, loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what forms vestibule

A

urogential plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

paramesoneprhic ducts give rise to..

A

uterus, uterine tubes, upper 1/3 or vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

allantois

A

membranous sac taht communicates from the urogenital sinus (and eventually bladder) to umbillicus. Forms the urachus after birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Septum transversum

A

during crano-caudal folding forms the central tendon of the diaphragm between heart and future liver. It is formed higher and descends and on the way recieves myoblasts that from the skeletal muscles of the diaphram (C3-5 with the phrenic n).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hindgut derivatives

A

distal 1/3 transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum upper anal canal urogential sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does the mesonephric ducts form…

A

epididymis and ductus deferns (rete testes, efferent ducts, seminal vesicle, trigone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

endocardial tube

A

vasculogenic cell clusters that line the horseshoe area above oropharyngeal membrane in splanchinic mesoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

renognesis

A

reciprocal induction of metanephric blastema and uteric bud to grow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

in male the gland of penis is formed by…

A

Grow of the genital tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal viscera

A

pancrease dudodeum asc. colon desc. colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In males, the scrotum is formed by…

A

swelling of the labioscrotal folds. their fusion forms the scrotal raphe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

tracheoesophageal tube

A

divides the foregut ventrally into trachea (and lung buds) and dorsally into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Derivatives of midgut

A

Lower duodenum jejunum ileum cecum appendix ascending colon prox 2/3 or transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Terminal sac period

A

26 weeks - birth # of terminal sacs and degree of vascularization increase dramatically. more likely to survive during this stage with respiratory assistance.

36
Q

Meckel’s diverticula

A

when the vitelline duct fails to obliterate. can lead to vitelline cysts for vitelline fistuals

37
Q

Closure of foramen ovale causes…

A

the pressure to drop in the right atria because of decrease flow from placenta (pulmonary arteries) pressure to increase in left atria due to increase pulmonary venous return.

38
Q

how long until gonads are indistinguishable?

A

until week 6

39
Q

Pancreas

A

Formed by a ventral pancreatic bud in ventral mesentery and a dorsal pancreatic bud in dorsal mesentery Dorsal rotates left 90° to become retroperitoneal Ventral rotates left 270° to fuse with dorsal bud. Rotation fuses to form the main pancreatic duct

40
Q

Folding of endocardial tubes

A

lateral folding brings heart tubes towards midline to fuse cranio folding bring heart tube just ventral to the foregut pocket

41
Q

uroanal septum

A

forms the perineal body

42
Q

plueroperitoneal membranes

A

located on the dorsal slide of the body wall that grow ventrally to close the pleuroperitoneal canal. This is the site where the myotomes attach.

43
Q

mesonephros

A

temporary and functional During weeks 4-10 (functional 5-10) mesonephros appear from intermediate mesoderm as pronephro disappears. mesonephric ducts drain urie into developing bladder

44
Q

Upper duodenum

A

arises form caudal most part of foregut that grows in the ventral mesentery. with rotation of gut tube, the duodenum and pancrease and pushed up against the body-wall and become secondarily retroperitoneal

45
Q

Visceral peritoneum origin

A

from splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm that covers the gut tube

46
Q

Stomach rotation

A

dilation of foregut that rotates: Left side moves ventrally and right side dorsally cranio caudal rotation tips the pylorus superiorly

47
Q

What forms the diaphragm/

A

1) septum transversum (central tendon) 2) pleuroperitoneal membranes (muscles) 3) dorsal mesentery of the esophagus 4) Body wall mesoderm

48
Q

Rectoanal canal forms…

A

rectum and upper anal canal

49
Q

uteric bud forms

A

collecting tubes and cuts minor and major calyces ureters

50
Q

Leydig cells

A

produce testosterone and support growth of mesonephric ducts and the development of male genital ducts and external genitalia.

51
Q

smooth muscle wall in respiratory tract is dervied from

A

splanchnic mesoderm

52
Q

Origin of parietal peritoneum

A

somatic lateral plate mesoderm on the inside of the body wall

53
Q

Renal agensis

A

failure to form kidneys because either pronephros or mesonephros failed to form

54
Q

what does the urogential system arise from?

A

intermediate mesoderm forms urogenital ridge

55
Q

what forms the head, body and tail of pancreas?

A

dorsal pancreatic bud

56
Q

What forms the upper arm of the umbilical herniation?

A

Small intestines

57
Q

Intraperitoneal viscera

A

abd. esophagus spleen stomach liver and GB jejunum and ileum cecum appendix sigmoid

58
Q

Male urogential sinus forms

A

bladder, prostate gland, bulbourethra gland, urethra

59
Q

What forms external genetalia

A

proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around cloacal membrane

60
Q

what forms labia majora

A

labioscrotal folds

61
Q

Formation of vagina

A

caudal end of fused mullerian ducts come in contact with urogential sinus to form vagina. To make lining endodermal in origin.

62
Q

ascent of the kidney

A

initially form near tail of embryo kidneys move upward and get subsequently higher blood supply.

63
Q

dorsal mesentery of stomach becomes…

A

greater omentum

64
Q

What forms the uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

ventral pancreatic bud

65
Q

Derivatives of foregut

A

trachea and respiratory tract lungs esophagus stomach liver gallbladder and BD pancrease upper duodoenum

66
Q

Development of Male reproductive tract

A

SRY releases TDF that causes gonad to develop into testis contatining spermatogonia, leydig cells and sertoli cells.

67
Q

what does the urogential ridge form?

A

three nephric structures pronephros mesonephros metanephros gonads

68
Q

umbilical hernia vs omphalocele vs gastroschisis

A

umbilical hernia is due to weakening around umbilicis during adulthood and is due to increase pressure in abdominal cavity omphalocele is the gut tubes no returning during physiological herniation and is rapped in amnion gastroschisis: birth defect where the guts still out of the belly due to a failure to close the body wall. not covered in amnion.

69
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

formed by somatic mesoderm on body wall

70
Q

Psuedoglandular period

A

6-16 weeks branched compound of endodermal line air tubes resembles glands. no alvioli and respiration is not possible

71
Q

what forms labia minora?

A

urogenital folds

72
Q

Sertoli cells

A

produce Mullerian inhibiting factor to cause the regression of paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts).

73
Q

Trigone formation

A

mesonphric ducts get pulled downward as the bladder grows and incorporates into posterior bladder wall gives uteric bud own opening into bladder.

74
Q

Rotation with physiological hernia

A

primary rotation 90° counter clockse rotation so lower loop moves towards left side of fetus at 10 weeks undergoes another rotation of 270° so that the jejunum enters first and ceum last.

75
Q

skeletal muscle from diaphragm is derived from…

A

cervical somites

76
Q

four lung periods

A

Psuedoglandular periof 6-16 weeks canalicular period (16-26 weeks) Terminal sac period (26-birth) Alveolar period (32 - 8 years)

77
Q

Lower duodenum

A

arrises from cranial midgut becomes secondarily retroperitoneal

78
Q

in males the shaft of the penis is formed by…

A

extension of the urogential sinus to from the corpora cavernosum and spongiosum Fusion forms the penile raphe

79
Q

how do gonads arise

A

in intermediate mesoderm within the urogential ridge of embryo.

80
Q

Pronephros

A

primitive and nonfunctional during 4th week C5-7 creates pronephric duct that extends and inducs the mesonephric duct formation

81
Q

Primary retroperitoneal viscera

A

thoracic esphagus rectum anus

82
Q

Hirshsprung disease

A

when neural crest cells do not form the parasympathetic ganglia to innervate the bowel wall and cant perform peristaltic movements

83
Q

Hingut

A

uroanal septum divides the cloaca ventrally into the urogenital sinus and the rectoanal canal

84
Q

Formation of uterus

A

fusion of paramesonephric ducts from caudal to cranial

85
Q

Alveolar period

A

Week 32 - 8 years terminal sacs develop into alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs with new alveoli

86
Q

metanephro

A

permanent and functional starts week5 becomes functional week 9-10 develop from outgrowth of mesonephric duct called a uteric bud and the metaneprhic blastema

87
Q

what forms mons pubis

A

labioscrotal folds