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Anatomy Unit 2 TRUNK > pelvic area and perineal area > Flashcards

pelvic area and perineal area Flashcards

1
Q

bulbospongiosus attachments and actions male

A

from median raphe and perineal body to surround bulb of penis empties urethra, maintains erection, contracts during ejaculation

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2
Q

ejaculatory ducts

A

slender tubes that rise from the union of ductus deferns and seminal glands. are on the neck of the bladder and pass anterioinferiorly through middle part of prostate alongside prostatic utricle.

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3
Q

Pelvic cavity functions

A

contains and supports bladder, rectum, anal canal and reproductive tracts

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4
Q

fundus of bladder

A

opposite apex, formed by posterior wall

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5
Q

what contributes to semen

A

sperm from ductus deferens nutrient rich material from ejaculatory duct prostatic juices from prostate fluid from bulbourethral glands

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6
Q

ampulla of ductus deferns

A

enlargement on posterior side of bladder just before it meets with seminal glands

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7
Q

bulb of vestibule

A

paired masses of elongated erectile tissues along side vaginal orifice, superior or deep to labia minora and immediately inferior to perineal membrane. homologus to bulb of the penis

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8
Q

dartos fascia

A

continuous with perineal fascia to cover the penis and scrotum.

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9
Q

Neck of bladder

A

where the fundus and inferolateral surfaces meet inferiorly on the bladder, just above the urethra.

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10
Q

Apex of bladder

A

points towards superior edge of pubic symphysis

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11
Q

scrotum

A

cutaneous fibromuscular sac for tests and associated structures. scrotal raphe separates the two sides and is continuous with penile raphe and perineal raphe. septum dartos muscles

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12
Q

what gland is most posterior in the penis

A

corpus cavernosum (2) fused

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13
Q

Infundibulum

A

distal end of the uterine tube that opens into the peritoneal cavity with the fimbriae.

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14
Q

Ischial ramus attachments

A

ischiocavernosus compressor urethrae m

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15
Q

pudendeal cleft

A

central depression when thighs are adducted, wihtin which is the labia minora and vestibule

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16
Q

bulbospongiosus m. females action and attachments

A

perineal body to surround vestibular bulb, vaginal oriface and clitoris constructs vaginal orifice, contributes to erection of clitoris

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17
Q

middle rectal a.

A

anterior diviision of internal iliac descends in pelvis to inferior rectum supplies inferior rectum, seminal glands, and prostate. @superior and inferior rectal a.

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18
Q

female urethra

A

short and passes anterioinferely from urinary bladder orifice is located between labia minora

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19
Q

trigone

A

space on internal part of bladder between the two ureters and urethra rich in receptors that are sensitive to stretching to signal brain of a full bladder.

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20
Q

nerve blocks of pudendal and ilioinguinal

A

are only somatic nerve blocks and will not block pain from uterine contraction. must do a spinal block at L3-4

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21
Q

pubic symphysis

A

symphysis joint between pubic bones on either side of pelvis has fibrocartilaginous inter-pubic disc

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22
Q

Obturator internus muscles

A

covers and pads the lateral pelvic walls from anterolateral wall of pelvis, obturator foramen and obturator membrane through the lesser sciatic foramina to medial surface of greater trochanter innervated by sacral plexus (nerve of obturator internus) bloody supply from obturator and internal pudendal a.

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23
Q

Superior pubic ramis features

A

pecten pubic obturator groove

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24
Q

inferior vesicle artery

A

only in males, is replaced by vaginal artery in females off of the internal iliac, inferior gluteal branch origin: anterior internal iliac passes subperitoenally in lateral ligament of bladder suppies inferior male bladder, prostate, seminal glands

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25
Q

ischiocavernosus muscle females att and actions

A

ischial tuberosity and ramus to aponeurosis surrounding crus of the clitoris compresses crus during erection

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26
Q

Emission

A

sperm is delivered to prostatic urethra rhythmic contraction of ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct sympathetic L1-2

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27
Q

Dorsal surface of sacrum attachements

A

erector spinae, gluteus maxiumus m, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

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28
Q

name for foreskin

A

prepuce

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29
Q

Pelvic inlet

A

defined by the ridge of bone from superior sacrum to superior pubic symphysis opening into true previs

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30
Q

Body of the penis

A

free pendulous part of penis corpus spongiosum glands corpa cavernosum

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31
Q

Erection innervation

A

Blood dilates cavernous spaces in corpora of penis requires relaxation of smooth muscles in helicine arteries Parasympathetic S2-4 from prostatic plexus This causes blood to fill into helicine a. and compress the dorsal vein so it is pinched off. bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus also contract to keep blood in distal portion of penis

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32
Q

Promotory attachments

A

on top of sacrum attaches to anterior longitudinal ligmanet

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33
Q

Anterior superior Iliac Spine attachment

A

inguinal ligmanet

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34
Q

Fundiform ligament of the penis

A

irregular mass of collagena nd elestic fibers that descent in midline from linea alba anterior to pubic symphysis. it splits to surround the penis and then unites and blends with dartos fascia to form scrotal spetum lie superficial to suspensory ligament

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35
Q

tunica albuginea

A

outer fobrous covering of each cavernous body in the penis

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36
Q

Ureters path

A

muscular tubes that connect kidney to urinary bladder retroperitoneal cross over bifurcation of common iliac artery and pass over pelvic brim to enter lesser pelvis. Run along lateral walls between pelvic peritoneum and internal iliac arteries. They then curve antero-medially, superior to levator ani and enter urinary bladder obliquely.

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37
Q

what is inferior to pevic outlet

A

perineal area

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38
Q

Tendinous arch

A

tendinous arch of levator ani thickening of obturator fascia between pubis and ilium pelvic diaphragm attaches to it covers the obturator internus muscle

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39
Q

Pecten pubic attachments

A

conjoined tendon, lacunar and pectineal ligaments

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40
Q

glans of clitoris

A

most outward projection at tip of bodies

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41
Q

Cardinal ligmanet

A

transverse cervical: extend from supravaginal cervix and later parts of the fornix to the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis

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42
Q

Ligament of the ovary

A

peritoneum fold that tether the ovary to the uterus. This is a remnant of the female gubernaaculum.

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43
Q

Sphincter urethrovaginalis att and actions

A

from perineal body, surrounds vagina and urethra to meet contralateral muscle inferior to compressor urethra deep to perineal membrane compresses urethra and vagina

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44
Q

Fundus of uterus

A

superior to where the uterine tubes split off

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45
Q

arterial supply of vulva

A

internal pudendal arteries.

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46
Q

Obturator fascia

A

covers the pelvic surface of the obturator internus muscle

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47
Q

Ischial spine attachments

A

levator ani, coccygeus m. sacrospinous ligament

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48
Q

Perineal membrane

A

stretches between the two sides of the pubic arch and covers urogential triangle. fills anterior aspect of pelvic diaphgram, but is perforated by urethra and vagina. Has foundation of erectile bodies of the external genetalia of penis and scrotum, and vulva for females. separates the deep pouch from the superficial pouch

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49
Q

Round ligament of the uterus

A

remnant of the gubernaculum lower part, goes through inguinal ring to attach to the labium majora distally

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50
Q

Interosseous sacroiliac ligmanet

A

lies deep between the tuberosities of sacrum and ilium between articular surfaces of sarcum and ilium responsible for transferring weight of the upper body from the axial skeleton to the two ilia of appendicular skeleton

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51
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

passes from ischial spine to lateral margin of sacrum subdivides foramen into greater and lesser sciatic foramina

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52
Q

lumosacral trunk

A

L4 and L5 and passes inferiory to ala of sacrum to join sacral plexus

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53
Q

Ovaries

A

female gonads located usually inferior to the uterine tubes. not covered in peritoneum.

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54
Q

Bulb of penis

A

enlarged posterior part of the bulb formed by corpus spongeosum gland

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55
Q

what two ligaments support the cervix and uterus

A

uterosacral ligmanet cardinal ligment

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56
Q

what parts of the uterus are covered by the peritoneum?

A

all areas anteriorly and superiorly except the cervix.

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57
Q

Median sacral crest

A

spinous process of sacrum erector spinae gluteus maximus

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58
Q

prepuce of clitoris

A

foreskin of clitoris that covers up the glans of the clitoris anterior to labia minora

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59
Q

how does urine move through ureters

A

peristaltic contractions

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60
Q

colliculus semilunaris

A

rounded eminence of urethral crest in prostatic segment of urethra contains the prostatic utricle

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61
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

pouch created between uterus and rectum created by peritoneum adhering to posterior vaginal wall and reflecting superiorly on anterior part of rectum

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62
Q

membranous segment of urethra

A

intermediate part of urethra that goes through the deep perineal pouch

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63
Q

veinous drainage of vagina

A

vaginal venous plexus which are continous with uterovaginal venous plexus

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64
Q

pelvic outlet

A

defined by ischial spines, pubis, sacrum and coccyx

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65
Q

ampulla of rectum

A

lies just superior to and supported by pelvic diaphragm and anococcygeal ligamanet receives and hold fecal matter until defecation

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66
Q

Mesovarium

A

ligament that surrounds the ovary on posterior side

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67
Q

fimbria

A

finger like processes at the end of the infundibulum of the uterine tube that spread over the medial surface of the ovary

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68
Q

testicular a. males

A

origin: abdominal aorta Descends retroperitoneally to transverse the inguial canal and enter scrotum. blood supply to: abdominal ureter, testis, and epididymis anastomeses with cremasteric a and ductus deferens a.

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69
Q

perineal membrane spaces

A

the perineal membrane is still has open spaces with the anterior recess of the ischioanal fossa and the deep postnatal space.

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70
Q

Greater vestibular gland

A

located in superficial perineal pouch lie on each side of the vestibule, posterolateral to the vaginal orifice. round or oval and partly overlapped by bulbs of vestibule. secrete mucus during sexual arousal

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71
Q

Deep fascia of the penis

A

also known as buck fascia continuation of deep perineal fasica srrong membranous covering of corpa caveronosa and spongiosum and binds them together

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72
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

formed by peritoneum reflecting on the uterus and posterior superior surface of the bladder

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73
Q

bulbospongiosus muscles

A

form a constrictor that compresses the bulb of the penis and the corpus spongiosum.

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74
Q

pubis body attachments

A

levator ani

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75
Q

Lumbosacral joint

A

symphysis joins 5th lumbar vertebra and base of sacrum

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76
Q

urogential triangle

A

anterior to the line formed between the ischial tuberosities closed by a thin sheet of tough, deep fascia, the perineal membrane. houses the urethra and vagina (in females)

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77
Q

Pelvic diaphragm

A

inferior border of the pelvic cavity from pubic symphysis to coccyx and sacrum

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78
Q

Mons pubis

A

is the rounded fatty eminence anterior to pubic symphysis, pubic tubercles and rami. covered with hair

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79
Q

iliolumbar

A

posterior division of internal iliac ascends anterior to sacroiliac joint and passes posterior to common iliac vessels and psoas major supplies: psoas, iliacus, QL, cuada equina

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80
Q

Lesser sciatic notch function

A

transmits obturator internus tendon, pudendeal n., and internal pudendal a and v

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81
Q

Changes in size of uterus

A

starts small and increases during pregnancy and puberty Post-partum, takes a while to shrink back to normal size (with multiple births it might not shrink back) Menopause, goes back to pre-puberty size

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82
Q

innervation and blood supply of levator ani

A

pudendal n and S4 inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, inferior rectal, and inferior visceral a

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83
Q

Benign prostate hypertrophy

A

with advancing age, prostate starts to grow around urethra and compresses on urethra –> difficult and painful urination

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84
Q

anal triangle

A

formed posterior to the lines between the ischial tuberosities houses the anal canal and its orifice.

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85
Q

Anterior commisure

A

part of labia major, thickness where they join anteriorly

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86
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

most anterior pelvic viscera made up of four surface features: apex, fundus, neck, and urachus sac made of detruser msucles

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87
Q

Peritoneum in pelvic cavity

A

continuous with abdominal cavity but does not reach pelvic floor, instead reflects on pelvic viscera. Only covers completely uterine tubes.

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88
Q

perineal body

A

deep the skin posterior to the vestibule or bulb of the penis and anterior to anus. site of convergence for interlacing fibers of: bulbospongiosus external anal sphincter superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles

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89
Q

Uterus

A

thick-walled pear shaped organ. body lies on the urinary pladder and its cervis is between the bladder and rectum made up of: fundus, corpus, and cervix

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90
Q

sphincter ani externus muscles action and attachments

A

from perineal body to anococcygeal raphe closes anal canal and fixes perineal body

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91
Q

Root of the penis

A

the attached part has crura and bulb ischiocavernsus and bulbosponiosus muscles found in superficial perineal pouch

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92
Q

perimetrium

A

out surface of the uterus made of connective tissue

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93
Q

innervation and blood supply of coccygeus

A

ventral rami S4-5 inferior gluteal, internal pudendal and inferior rectal a.

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94
Q

umbilical artery

A

Origin: anterior division of internal iliac pass along lateral pelvic wall and ascent to anterior abdominal wall through umbilicial ring into umbilical cord. prenatally: conduct oxygen and nutrient deficient blood to placenta for replenishment after birth, vessels no longer function and become occluded distal to branches to bladder. patent afts from anterioinferely between urinary bladder and lateral wall of pelvis.

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95
Q

sacral canal

A

houses sacral spinal roots

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96
Q

piriformis m.

A

most posterior aspect of pelvic cavity from anterolateral sacrum through the greater sciatic foramin to upper border of the greater trochanter deep is the sacral plexus innervation: lumbosacral plexus blood supply: lateral sacral, superior gluteal, internal pudendal a.

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97
Q

pariteal pelvic fascia

A

membranous layer that lines inner aspect of muscles forming walls and floor of pelvis. contains obturator fascia continous with trasversalis and ilipsoas fascia

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98
Q

male internal reproductive organs

A

Tests epididymis ductus deferens seminal glands ejaculatory ducts prostate bulbourethral glands bladder, urethra

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99
Q

blood supply to vagina

A

uterine arteries, vaginal and internal pudendal a.

100
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

posteriorlateral to intermediate part of urethra, embedded within the external urethral sphincter. the glands pass through perineal membrane and open through small aperture in spongy urethra in the bulb of the penis.

101
Q

apex of sacrum

A

articulates with coccyx

102
Q

why do the ureters enter obliquely?

A

to act like a sphincter to prevent backward movement of the urine from the bladder.

103
Q

uterus position

A

anteverted and anteflexed flexion: determined by axis between cervix and body of uterus version: between vaginal canal and cervix

104
Q

spongy segment

A

urethra within sulbospongy erectile tissue to external urethral orifice.

105
Q

Cervix

A

cylindrical, narrow inferior third of the uterus. there is a supravaginal part between the isthumus and the vagina and a vaginal part that protrudes into the vagina.

106
Q

Internal iliac nodes

A

drain pelvic visera, perineum, gluteal region

107
Q

Vestibule of vagina

A

space surrounded by labia minora with orifices of urethra and vagina, and ducts of greater and lesser vestibular glands.

108
Q

ductus deferens a.

A

branch from superior vesicle a. runs subperitoneally to ductus deferens. @ testicular and cremasteric

109
Q

superior gluteal a.

A

posterior division of internal iliac exits via great sciatic foramen supplies piriformis, gluteal muscles, TFS

110
Q

Greater Sciatic Notch

A

transmits Piriformis m, superior and inferior gluteal a., sciatic n., pudendal, superior and inferior gluteal n.

111
Q

urogential hiatus

A

space in between the medial borders of the levator ani muscles that gives passage to the urethra and vagina (in females)

112
Q

internal pudendal a.

A

from anterior internal iliac exits pelvis vis great sciatic foraman to enter perineum vis lesser sciatic foramen, passes into uretogential triangle. main artery of perineum, muscles and skin of UG triangle and erectile bodies.

113
Q

superior vesicle a.

A

origin: Internal iliac anterior sometimes has ductus deferens branch. passes to superior aspect of urinary bladder.

114
Q

obturator n.

A

from L2-4 anterior rami of lumbar plexus. runs along lateral wall of pelvis to obturator canal in obturator membrane. does not supply pelvic structures

115
Q

arterial supply of the uterine tubes

A

ovarian a. supply ovary and runs medially along the uterine tube. ascending part of the uterine arteries

116
Q

prostatic utricle

A

remnant of embryonic uterovaginal canal

117
Q

Inferior pubic ramus attachments

A

ischiocavernosus, compressor urethrae

118
Q

lateral sacral a.

A

posterior division of internal iliac runs on anteriomedial aspect of piriformis and sends branches into pelvic sacral foramina supplies piriformis, structures in sacral canal, erector spinae, skin

119
Q

How does the prostate contribute to semen?

A

prostatic juices join the urethra through the 20-30 openings called prostatic sinuses

120
Q

Internal iliac a.

A

origin: common iliac passes medially over pelvic brim and descens into pelvic cavity to split into anterior and posterior division. supplies blood to pelvic organs, gluteal muscles and perineum.

121
Q

Female external genitalia

A

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, bulb of vestibule, and greater and lesser vestibular glands

122
Q

prostatic segment

A

segment of urethra that runs through the prostate contains prostatic sinus and colliculus semilunaris

123
Q

fascia of the penis

A

fundiform ligmanet suspensory ligmament superficial deep tunica alberginea

124
Q

Internal vs external hemorrhoids

A

prolapse of the internal rectal pelxus, stretches mucosa. Not very painful for internal, but must more painful for external due to somatic innervation.

125
Q

cardinal ligament

A

endopelvic fascia thickening passes medially to the uterine cervix and vagina also calle transverse cervical ligmaent

126
Q

Helicine arteries of the penis

A

when penis is flaccid these are coiled and restrict blood flow

127
Q

superior rectal a.

A

origin: inferior mesenteric a. crosses left common iliac vessels and descens between layers of sigmoid mesocolon to supply superior rectum. @ middle rectal and inferior rectal

128
Q

uterine artery

A

branch of inferior gluteal homologous to ductus deferens in males. descends lateral wall of pelvis anterior to internal iliac and masses medialy to reach junction of uterus and vagina at cervix protrusion into vagina. passes superiorly to ureter as it passes medially. “water passes under the bridge” divides into vaginal branch and ovarian branch.

129
Q

Ventral sacrioiliac ligament

A

anterior part of the fibrous capsule of the sacroiliac joint

130
Q

deep arteries of the penis

A

peirce the crura proximally and run distally near center of corpora cavernosa

131
Q

Pelvic diaphragm muscles

A

levator ani coccygeus

132
Q

Broad ligament of the uterus

A

mesovarium mesosalpinx mesometrium all made up for peritoneum that extend from the lateral sides of the uterus that to the pelvis.

133
Q

where is the spongy urethra found

A

in corpus spongiosum

134
Q

Perineal membrane

A

defines the deep boundary of the superficial perineal space and the inferior boundary of the deep perineal space

135
Q

intramural part of urethra

A

in the nick of the bladder, contains a sphincter to prevent semen from going into bladder during ejaculation

136
Q

arterial supply of uterus

A

uterine arteries and some from ovarian a.

137
Q

Penis

A

consists of a root, body, and glans composed of corpora cavernosa (dorsally) and corpus spongiosum (ventrally)

138
Q

prostatic sinus

A

bilateral groove in the prostatic segment of the male urethra

139
Q

three kinds of sacroiliac ligmanets

A

dorsal, ventral, and interosseous

140
Q

Vaginal fornices

A

small spaces formed by the vaginal portion of the cervix and the vaginal wall anteriorly and posteriorly and laterally

141
Q

Iliopubic eminence attachments

A

pubofemoral ligament

142
Q

Ductus Deferens

A

thick muscular walls and small lumen begins at the tail of the epidiymis, inferior to pole of testis ascents posterior to testis, medial to epididymis runs through inguinal canal Crosses over external iliac vessles passes superior posterior to the bladder, medially around the ureter down the posterior side of bladder towards head of prostate

143
Q

Medial umbilical ligmanet

A

formed from occluded part of the umbilical artery. gives rise to medial umbilical fold on anterior abdominal wall.

144
Q

pectinate line

A

zip-zag line that has anal columns and valves that release mucus. demarcates difference between tissues that are visceral and somatic.

145
Q

iliac tuberosity attachments

A

dorsal sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments

146
Q

coccygeus muscle attachments and actions

A

from ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament to coccyx supports and compresses posterior pelvic floor

147
Q

Isthmus

A

the thick walled part of the tube that enters the uterus

148
Q

Ejaculation

A

contraction of internal urethral sphincter by sympathetic L1-2 to prevent semen from going into bladder (sympathetic) contraction of urethral muscles (parasympathetic S2-S4) contraction of bulbospongiosus m. by perineal branch of pudendal n. S2-4

149
Q

Iliac fossa attachment

A

iliacus muscles

150
Q

uterosacral ligmanet

A

ligament from sacrum to uterus cervix endopelvic fascia thickening

151
Q

Superficial perineal fascia

A

Colle’s fasia continuous with the superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum; defines superficial boundary of the superficial perineal pouch or space

152
Q

pelvic floor injuries

A

may lead to urinary incontinence or prolapse of perineal organs

153
Q

Pelvic fascial ligaments for women

A

found inferior to the peritoneum, but superior to the pelvic diaphragm. obturator fascia tendinous arch of levator ani uterosacral ligmanet cardianl ligmaent

154
Q

isthmus of uterus

A

narrowing of the uterine body just superior of the cervix demarcates the end of the corpus of the uterus.

155
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

there is no muscle or diaphragm barrier superiorly, just the bony landmarks of the pelvic inlet inferior border of the pelvic diaphgram contains elements of urinary, gastrointenstinal and reproductive systems

156
Q

inferior gluteal a.

A

anterior division of internal iliac. exits pelvis via great sciatic foramen supplies: pelvic diaphragm, piriformis, quadratus femoris, hamgstrings, gluteus maximus

157
Q

Dorsal arteries of the penis

A

run on each isde of deep dorsal vein between corpora cavernosa.

158
Q

external iliac nodes

A

drain inguinal nodes, abdominal wall, perineum and lower pelvic visera

159
Q

Anococcygeal ligmanet

A

ligament between anus and coccyx, part of the fibrous midline raphe attachment site of levator ani

160
Q

pudendal canal

A

a horizontal pathway within the obturator fascia that covers the medial aspect of obturator internus.\ Internal pudendeal a, v, and pudendal n., enter at LSN supply nerves and blood for most of perinuem

161
Q

obturator a.

A

anteroinferiorly on the obturator fascia on lateral wall of pelvis and passes between obturator n. and vein. in obturator canal supplies pelvic muscles, head of femur and medial thigh

162
Q

What gland is most anterior in the penis

A

corpus spongiosum

163
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

forms the free anterior superior edge of the broad ligmanet goes around uterine tubes.

164
Q

Two types of pelvic fractures

A

anterior and superior (around pubic symphysis) central fracture of acetabulum

165
Q

pubic tubercle

A

rectus abdominis and inguinal ligament

166
Q

seminal glands function

A

rich fluid that contributes to the semen to nourish the sperm

167
Q

Labia Majora

A

prominent fold of skin that indirectly protect the clitoris, urethra and vaginal orifices subcuteneous tissue and termination of round ligament of uterus. covered with pigmented skin and pubic hair

168
Q

Iliacus muscle

A

from iliac fossa to lesser trochanter of femur Stabalizes the hip joint and flexes thigh innervated by femoral nerve and pumbar plexus branches iliolumbar, deep circumflex iliac, femoral and obturator a.

169
Q

Iliac crest attachments

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis and quadratus lumborum

170
Q

sacral plexus

A

gives rise to the sciatic and pudendal nerves

171
Q

rectum

A

continuous with sigmoid colon

172
Q

Ischial tuberosity attachments

A

sacrotuberous ligament

173
Q

compressor urethrae muscles att and action

A

ischiopubic ramus to midline passing ventral to urethra and inferior to sphincter urethrae in females there are multipe fibers fanning out medially and can replase deep transverse perineus m. compresses urethrae

174
Q

what is superior to true pelvis?

A

false pelvis or greater pevlis cecum and descending colon

175
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

located adjacent to the membranous part of the urethra just above perineal membrane, with ducts more distal in spongy urethra release mucus like substance to lubricate the urethra

176
Q

Clitoris

A

erectile organ where labia minora meet anteriorly. has a corpus, crus, and glans.

177
Q

ischioanal fossa

A

distal part of the rectum and anal canal opening. wedge shaped spaces between skin of anal region and pelvic diaphragm. filled with ischioanal fat that supports the rectum. if you don’t have this, it could prolapse

178
Q

veinous drainage of uterus

A

uterine venous plexus

179
Q

Psoas m

A

from anterior lumbar transverse processes, vertebral bodies and discs to lesser trochanter of femur stabilizes hip joint, flexes thigh ventral rami L1-3 lumbar, iliolumbar, obturator, external iliac and femoral a.

180
Q

venous drainage of bladder

A

vesical venous plexus which is continusous with prostatic venous plexus.

181
Q

Seminal Glands (vesicle) location

A

elongated structure that lies between the fundus of the bladder and the rectum obliquely superior to prostate with ductus deferns running medially.

182
Q

Corpus of uterus

A

the body of the uterus, forming the superior two thirds of the viscera. has two surfaces: vesicle (bladder) and intestinal.

183
Q

Base of the sacrum

A

articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebrae

184
Q

ischiocavernosus m., attachments and actions men

A

from ischial tuberosity and ramus to aponeurosis surrouding crus of penis compresses crus during erection

185
Q

Midline raphe

A

Where the two sides of the pelvic diaphragm attach in the middle

186
Q

the septum of the scrotum

A

prolongation of dartos fascia that divides the scrotum into two sides. (internally)

187
Q

Visceral pelvic fascia

A

membranous fascia that directly ensheaths pelvic organs

188
Q

superficial transverse perineus innervation and blood supply

A

perineal brach of pudendal nerve internal pudendal a.

189
Q

What attaches to pelvic surface?

A

piriformis m.

190
Q

uterosacral ligmanets

A

pass superiorly and sightly posteriorly from the sides of the cervix to the middle of the sarcum

191
Q

Prostate

A

surrounds the prostatic urethra gland and muscle inferior and slightly posterior to the bladder posterior suface is in contact with the rectum.

192
Q

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

peritoneum that covers the blood vessels that go to the ovaries.

193
Q

meometrium

A

connect the uterus to the ovary, very broad stucture

194
Q

Crura

A

attaches to the inferior part of the internal surface of corresponding ischial ramus forms due to the fusion of the corpus cavernosa dorsal side of penis

195
Q

ischiocavernosus m. innervation and blood supply

A

perineal brach of pudendal n. internal pudendal a.

196
Q

Arterial supply of bladder

A

superior vesicle and inferior vesicle (males) and vaginal arteries (females)

197
Q

labia minora

A

rounded folds of fat-free hairless skin eclosed in pudendal cleft surround and close over vestibule of vagina and the clitrois

198
Q

Coccyx attachments

A

coccygeus muscle

199
Q

lateral aortic nodes

A

para-aortic drain kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureter, posterior ab wall, testes, ovaries, uterine tubes, superior uterus, and iliac nodes common iliac nodes external iliac nodes internal iliac nodes

200
Q

what is the glans of the penis?

A

formed distally by enlargement of the corpus spongiosum

201
Q

Pubic crest attachment

A

rectus abdominis

202
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

from posterior iliac spine and lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity transforms sciatic notches of hip bone into the large sciatic foramen

203
Q

Ureters in males

A

ductus deferens passes anteromedial to the ureter. ureter enters the bladder just superior to the seminal gland.

204
Q

Perineum

A

shallow compartment bounded by pelvic outlet and separated by fascia covering the inferior aspect of pelvic diaphragm formed by levator ani and coccygeus muscles.

205
Q

frenulum of clitoris

A

where the medial laminae of the labia minora unite. and also posterily connects (frenulum of labia minora)

206
Q

endometrium

A

internal layer marked change during the monthly cycle when it sheds implantation of the embryo.

207
Q

Pelvic fracture of the pubic symphysis

A

posterior and anterior fracture causes fracture of pubic symphysis and inferior and superior pubic ramus loss of stability of pubic girdle high risk of injuring pelvic visera

208
Q

Male Urethra

A

long with 2 major bends four segments: intramural part, prostatic segment, membranous segment, spongy segment

209
Q

bulbospongiosus m innervation and blood supply

A

perineal branch of pudendal n. internal pudendal a.

210
Q

posterior division of internal iliac

A

passes posteriorly and supplies pelvic wall and gluteal region

211
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

synovial plane between articular surfaces of sacrum and ilium limited mobility transmits most of the weight of the body to the hip bones

212
Q

what is inside the superficial perineal pouch?

A

erectile bodies/spongy tissues, skeletal muscles that surround this bodies, openings of urethra and vaginal canal

213
Q

coccygeus muscle relations to piriformis and levator ani

A

is anterior to piriformis posteiror to levator ani

214
Q

Obturator groove function

A

transmits obturator n., a, and v

215
Q

Function of pelvic sacral foramina

A

transmits ventral rami or sacral nerves and lateral sacral artries

216
Q

posterior commisure

A

joining of posterior labia majora in nulliparous women. overlies perineal body.

217
Q

Perineam

A

inferior to pelvic cavity boundaries form the pelvic outlet contains external genitalia and external openings of genitourinary and gastrointestinal system

218
Q

urachus

A

fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord located at tip of apex

219
Q

Innervation of vulva

A

Mons pubis and anterior labia (anterior aspect) ilioinguinal, genitofemoral n. posterior: sacral plexus derivatives: posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, pudendal nerve. deep branches of perineal nerve supply vagina and superficial muscles dorsal n. of clitoris deep perineal m and clitoris

220
Q

myometrium

A

main muscular compartment of the uterus extends and stretches, especially during birth and menstruation.

221
Q

venous pelexus of the uterus

A

pampiniform plexus of veins which forms a single ovarian vein.

222
Q

internal bladder features

A

urethral orifices ureteric orifices trigone

223
Q

pudendal n.

A

main nerve or perineum and external genetalia leaves GSF between piriformis and coccygeus, then hooks around ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament to enter perineum through LSF inferior rectal perineal n. dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis

224
Q

Broad ligament of the uterus

A

extends between uterus and lateral pelvic wall separate the paravesicle fossae and pararectal fossae encloses uterine tubes, ovaries, ligaments of ovaries and round ligament of uterus

225
Q

superficial transverse perineus att and action

A

from ischial tuberosity to perineal body fixes perineal body

226
Q

innervation of vagina

A

only inferior 1/4 is somatic - by deep perineal nerve (branch of pudendal n): sympathic and visceral afferent nerves from hypogastric plexus which has symphatic and parasympathetic and visceral afferent

227
Q

vaginal artery

A

homolog in inferior vesical artery divides into vaginal and inferior vesicle branches to supply lower vagina, vestibular bulb and fundus of bladder. @uterine a.

228
Q

what is inside the deep perineal pouch?

A

external uretral sphincter, urethra, bulbourethral glands (M), and vaginal canal (F)

229
Q

venous drainage of vulva

A

internal pudendal vein

230
Q

Ampulla

A

widest and longest part of the tube which begins at the medial end of the infundibulum. fertilization occurs in the ampulla

231
Q

supravesical fossa

A

space created by peritoneum reflecting on the superior surface of the bladder.

232
Q

crus of clitoris

A

attach to inferior pubic rami and perineal membrane, deep to the labia.

233
Q

Sphincter urethrae m

A

surround urethra and is deep to compressor urethrae compresses urethra

234
Q

Dorsal sacral foramina function

A

transmits dorsal rami of sacral nerves

235
Q

ischiocavernosus muscles in male

A

surround the cura at the root of the penis

236
Q

levator ani attachements and actions

A

pubic symphysis, obturator fascia, ischial spine to midline raphe and anococcygeal ligament supports pelvic viscera and compresses rectum and vagina

237
Q

innervation of ureter

A

adjacent autonomic plexuses (renal, aortic, hypogastric)

238
Q

Dorsal sacroiliac ligmanets

A

from lateral sacral crest to posterior superior iliac spine

239
Q

Ovarian a.

A

origin: abdominal aorta descends retroperitoneally to cross the pelvic brim and descends in ligament of ovary supplies abdominal and/or pelvic ureter, ovary, and ampulla of uterine tube @ with uterine a

240
Q

Corpus of the clitoris

A

makes up the body of the clitoris on either side of the orifices

241
Q

common iliac nodes

A

drain internal and external iliac nodes

242
Q

Uterine tubes

A

conduct oocytype discharged monthly extend laterally from uterus and open into the peritoneal cavity superior to the ovaries (usually) divided into four parts: fimbria, infundibulum, ampulla, ithmus

243
Q

suspensory ligament of the penis

A

condensation of deep fascia from the anterior pubic symphysis passes inferiorly to splits to form a sling that attaches to deep fascia at junction of root and body. anchors erectile bodies to pubic sympysis

244
Q

Internal iliac artery

A

principal artery of the pelvis divides into anterior and posterior division at the superior edge of greater sciatic foramen

245
Q

how to ejaculatory ducts release into the urethra?

A

open in the seminal colliculus by tiny, slit like aperture on the prostatic utricle

246
Q

internal iliac veins

A

form superior to the greater sciatic foramen and lie posteroinferior to internal iliac arteries. tributaries roughly accompany arteries. no umbilical veins

247
Q

Vagina in pelvic area

A

distensible musculomembranous tube that extends from cervix of uterus to vaginal orifice. has two fornices

Anatomy Unit 2 TRUNK (9 decks)

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