Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries Flashcards
True or false; there is no separation between the pelvis and the abdominal cavities
true
You have pain in the back left shoulder. Which organ may be affected?
spleen
You have pain in your back right shoulder - what organ could be affected?
liver and gallbladder
what general assessment would you perform to check for abdominal injuries?
- breathing difficulties?
- protrusion
- bloat
- swelling
- are abdominal tight / guarding?
- is athlete splinting
S&S rib fractures
- pain when inhaling
- coughing up blood
- leaning towards injured side
pneumothorax
pleural cavity becomes filled with air, negatively pressurizing the cavity, causing a lung to collapse
tension pneumothorax
pleural sac on one side fills with air displacing lung and heart, compressing the opposite lung
hemothorax
blood in pleural cavity causes tearing or puncturing of the lungs or pleural tissue
traumatic asphyxia
result of a violent blow or compression of rib cage
true or false; lung injuries are a medical emergency
true, call 9-1-1
S&S hyperventilation
- panic
- difficulty breathing air in (in asthmatics, difficulty breathing air out)
- belching
- bloating
- confusion
- dizziness
- palpitations
- light-headedness
- weakness
- gasping
Marfan’s sydrome
weak aorta and cardiac vessels
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
thickening of cardiac mm w/ decreased chamber size
Wolf-Parkinson White syndrome
ventricular tachycardia
true or false; choking cannot cause sudden cardiac death syndrome in athletes
false; choking can lead to cardiac death
true or false; most athletes do not exhibit any signs of coronary artery & peripheral artery disease prior to death
true
hyperflexibility is seen in individuals with
a) Marfan’s syndrome
b) Wolf-Parkinson White’s syndrome
c) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
d) all of the above
A
What are some screening questions you could ask to help determine risk of sudden cardiac death syndrome in athletes?
- chest pain during exercise?
- history of heart murmurs
- periods of fainting during exercise
- family history
- thickening of heart or history of Marfan’s syndrome
what must you do in the event of ventricular fibrillation?
a) chest compression
b) chest compression and mouth to mouth
c) use an AED
d) none of the above
C
true or false; resuscitation of victim of commotio cordis is often unsuccessful
true; must used AED within 5 minutes of ventricular fibrillation
S&S kidney contusion
- shock
- nausea
- vomiting
- mm guarding
- hematuria (advise to check frequently for hematuria)
- referred pain
S&S ruptured bladder
inability to urinate
S&S contused/ruptured bladder
- ruptured - inability to urinate
- pain/discomfort of lower abdominal region
- abdominal rigidity
- nausea
- vomiting
- shock
- bleeding from urethra
- increased quantity of bloody urine
- referred pain
what should you do if hematuria is present in the event of contused/ruptured bladder?
- medical emergency
- advise to check for hematuria for 48-72 hours
- encourage individual to urinate frequently
true or false; you should not encourage individual to urinate frequently in the event of contused/ruptured bladder
false; you should tell them to pee frequently
Where would you expect pain to be in the event of appendicitis?
a) upper right quadrant of abdomen
b) upper left quadrant of abdomen
c) lower right quadrant of abdomen
d) lower left quadrant of abdomen q
C
When should you refer to a physician in the event of scrotal contusion?
a) if pain is unresolved in 15-20 min
b) if pain is unresolved in 20-30 min
c) always
d) never
A
S&S Scrotal contusion
- hemorrhaging
- fluid effusion
- mm spasm
- severe pain
- nausea/vomiting
- shock
Kehr’s sign
ruptured spleen referral to left shoulder/arm
true or false; ruptured spleen is a medical emergency
true
contusion of solar plexus
- localized tenderness
- slight swelling / bruising
- difficulty breathing
- may become cyanotic or go into shock
- may lead to arrest -> compression and rescue breaths
- diaphragm going into temporary spasm
- GENERALLY TRANSITORY
how would you manage side stitches (abdominal cramps)
- stop activity and stretch arm overhead
- flex trunk on thighs while tightening abdominals
