Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries

Question 1

True or false; there is no separation between the pelvis and the abdominal cavities

Answer 1

true

Question 2

You have pain in the back left shoulder. Which organ may be affected?

Answer 2

spleen

Question 3

You have pain in your back right shoulder - what organ could be affected?

Answer 3

liver and gallbladder

Question 4

what general assessment would you perform to check for abdominal injuries?

Answer 4

• breathing difficulties?
• protrusion
• bloat
• swelling
• are abdominal tight / guarding?
• is athlete splinting

Question 5

S&S rib fractures

Answer 5

• pain when inhaling
• coughing up blood
• leaning towards injured side

Question 6

pneumothorax

Answer 6

pleural cavity becomes filled with air, negatively pressurizing the cavity, causing a lung to collapse

Question 7

tension pneumothorax

Answer 7

pleural sac on one side fills with air displacing lung and heart, compressing the opposite lung

Question 8

hemothorax

Answer 8

blood in pleural cavity causes tearing or puncturing of the lungs or pleural tissue

Question 9

traumatic asphyxia

Answer 9

result of a violent blow or compression of rib cage

Question 10

true or false; lung injuries are a medical emergency

Answer 10

true, call 9-1-1

Question 11

S&S hyperventilation

Answer 11

• panic
• difficulty breathing air in (in asthmatics, difficulty breathing air out)
• belching
• bloating
• confusion
• dizziness
• palpitations
• light-headedness
• weakness
• gasping

Question 12

Marfan’s sydrome

Answer 12

weak aorta and cardiac vessels

Question 13

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 13

thickening of cardiac mm w/ decreased chamber size

Question 14

Wolf-Parkinson White syndrome

Answer 14

ventricular tachycardia

Question 15

true or false; choking cannot cause sudden cardiac death syndrome in athletes

Answer 15

false; choking can lead to cardiac death

Question 16

true or false; most athletes do not exhibit any signs of coronary artery & peripheral artery disease prior to death

Answer 16

true

Question 17

hyperflexibility is seen in individuals with

a) Marfan’s syndrome
b) Wolf-Parkinson White’s syndrome
c) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
d) all of the above

Answer 17

A

Question 18

What are some screening questions you could ask to help determine risk of sudden cardiac death syndrome in athletes?

Answer 18

• chest pain during exercise?
• history of heart murmurs
• periods of fainting during exercise
• family history
• thickening of heart or history of Marfan’s syndrome

Question 19

what must you do in the event of ventricular fibrillation?

a) chest compression
b) chest compression and mouth to mouth
c) use an AED
d) none of the above

Answer 19

C

Question 20

true or false; resuscitation of victim of commotio cordis is often unsuccessful

Answer 20

true; must used AED within 5 minutes of ventricular fibrillation

Question 21

S&S kidney contusion

Answer 21

• shock
• nausea
• vomiting
• mm guarding
• hematuria (advise to check frequently for hematuria)
• referred pain

Question 22

S&S ruptured bladder

Answer 22

inability to urinate

Question 23

S&S contused/ruptured bladder

Answer 23

• ruptured - inability to urinate
• pain/discomfort of lower abdominal region
• abdominal rigidity
• nausea
• vomiting
• shock
• bleeding from urethra
• increased quantity of bloody urine
• referred pain

Question 24

what should you do if hematuria is present in the event of contused/ruptured bladder?

Answer 24

• medical emergency
• advise to check for hematuria for 48-72 hours
• encourage individual to urinate frequently

Question 25

true or false; you should not encourage individual to urinate frequently in the event of contused/ruptured bladder

Answer 25

false; you should tell them to pee frequently

Question 26

Where would you expect pain to be in the event of appendicitis? a) upper right quadrant of abdomen b) upper left quadrant of abdomen c) lower right quadrant of abdomen d) lower left quadrant of abdomen q

Answer 26

C

Question 27

When should you refer to a physician in the event of scrotal contusion? a) if pain is unresolved in 15-20 min b) if pain is unresolved in 20-30 min c) always d) never

Answer 27

A

Question 28

S&S Scrotal contusion

Answer 28

- hemorrhaging - fluid effusion - mm spasm - severe pain - nausea/vomiting - shock

Question 29

Kehr's sign

Answer 29

ruptured spleen referral to left shoulder/arm

Question 30

true or false; ruptured spleen is a medical emergency

Answer 30

true

Question 31

contusion of solar plexus

Answer 31

- localized tenderness - slight swelling / bruising - difficulty breathing - may become cyanotic or go into shock - may lead to arrest -> compression and rescue breaths - diaphragm going into temporary spasm - GENERALLY TRANSITORY

Question 32

how would you manage side stitches (abdominal cramps)

Answer 32

- stop activity and stretch arm overhead | - flex trunk on thighs while tightening abdominals