MOI & Injury Classification Flashcards
define mechanical injury
Resulting from force or mechanical energy that causes a harmful disturbance in function and/or structure
What are the most common mechanisms of injuries? (MOIs) (8 points)
- all out exertion
- contact
- striking or throwing projectiles
- propulsion of the body through the air
- repetition of movement
- speed of the sport
- extended periods of time/duration of activity
- large # of participants in small area
Internal resistance to a load is _____
stress
Internal change in tissue (eg., length) resulting in deformation is ____
strain
define stiffness
- ability of a tissue to resist a load
- greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can resist
True or False: Greater stiffness = less magnitude load can resist
False;
Greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can resist
There are two trees of the same species, but are in different environments. One is on a mountain with no wind, while the other is by the ocean with coastal winds. They look slightly different due to their environment. What is this an example of?
a) elastic properties - creep
b) plastic changes - creep
c) elastic properties - necking
d) plastic changes - necking
e) none of the above
B
plastic changes - creep
force that pulls and stretches tissue is called _____
tension
force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue is called ______
shearing
force that results in tissue crush - two forces applied towards one another is called ________
compression
spondylolisthesis is an example of _______ (force)
shear stress
How is general injury classified? (4 points)
1) stage of injury or healing
2) severity of the injury
3) type of tissue damaged/injured
4) type of mechanism (Mx)
What is the healing timeframe for muscle strains?
6-8 weeks
True or False: Muscle Spasms are synonymous to Muscle Cramps
false
True or False: Muscle Spasms can lead to muscle sprains
True
What are the two types of muscle spasms and define them
Clonic - alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession
Tonic - rigid contraction that lasts a period of time
Define muscle spasms
Involuntary reaction that interferes with voluntary movement by increasing tension and shortening
True or false; tendons are typically double the mm strength, so tears generally occur in mm
True
True or false; crepitus can arise in tendinitis
true
define tendinosis
tendon degeneration
True or false; tendinosis is acute
false; it is chronic
S&S Tendinosis
- sometimes a tender lump
tendinosis is more common in ______ age
middle or old
how would you manage tendinosis?
- stretching and strengthening
Define tenosynovitis. What causes it? Where does it often occur?
inflammation of synovial sheath; high friction areas
- if tendon gliding through area is overused, becomes inflamed
- often occurs in long flexor tendon of the digits and the biceps tendon
what happens in acute tenosynovitis
rapid onset, crepitus, and diffuse swelling
what happens in chronic tenosynovitis
thickening of tendon with pain and crepitus
how does myositis ossificans develop?
Chronically inflamed and contused tissue may result in generation of calcium deposits
What are the components of a synovial joint? (8 points)
- hyaline and/or articular cartilage
- fibrous connective tissue capsule
- ligaments
- capsule with synovial membrane
- joint cavity with synovial fluid
- blood and nerve supply
- muscles
- menisci (fibrocartilage)
Define Grade 1 sprain
- minor fiber damage and minimal instability
- mild to moderate pain
- minimal loss of function and swelling
Define Grade II sprain
- tearing of fibers with moderate joint instability
- moderate to severe pain
- swelling and moderate loss of function
Define Grade III sprain
- complete tear & may sublux
- extremely painful initially
- inevitable loss of function
- severe instability and swelling
Define subluxation
brief, transient injury involving partial dislocation & spontaneous joint relocation
What is more common? Medial dislocation of patella, or lateral dislocation of patella?
Lateral
define separation
separation of the fibrous joint d/t stretching/tearing of the supporting tissues
Bone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows _________ – every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design
a) Bohr’s law
b) Contractual law
c) Parkinson’s law
d) Wolff’s law
e) none of the above
D
Types of bone fractures (9 points)
- greenstick
- comminuted
- linear
- transverse
- oblique
- spiral
- avulsion
- impacted
- depressed
Which of the following athletes are at risk of stress fractures?
a) rowers
b) marathoners
c) track and field
d) golfers
e) B&C
A
Define tendinitis and S&S
- inflammation of the tendon
- gradual onset, with diffuse tenderness d/t repeated microtrauma and degenerative changes
In tendon injuries, breaking point occurs at ___ - ___% of increased length
6 - 8%
True or false: Mm guarding is synonymous w/ mm spasm
false
true or false; a mm spasm indicates increased tone d/t upper motor neuron lesion in the brain
true
True or false; when bone bends, but does not break, it will not cause a pathological response
false;
Bone can bend before it breaks still causing a pathological response
Which of the following are examples of tension force?
a) hamstring strain
b) burst fracture of the spine
c) spondylolisthesis
d) none of the above
A - hamstring strain
What are the 5 types of mechanical stresses
- compression
- tension
- shearing
- bending
- torsion
