MOI & Injury Classification

Question 1

define mechanical injury

Answer 1

Resulting from force or mechanical energy that causes a harmful disturbance in function and/or structure

Question 2

What are the most common mechanisms of injuries? (MOIs) (8 points)

Answer 2

• all out exertion
• contact
• striking or throwing projectiles
• propulsion of the body through the air
• repetition of movement
• speed of the sport
• extended periods of time/duration of activity
• large # of participants in small area

Question 3

Internal resistance to a load is _____

Answer 3

stress

Question 4

Internal change in tissue (eg., length) resulting in deformation is ____

Answer 4

strain

Question 5

define stiffness

Answer 5

• ability of a tissue to resist a load

- greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can resist

Question 6

True or False: Greater stiffness = less magnitude load can resist

Answer 6

False;

Greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can resist

Question 7

There are two trees of the same species, but are in different environments. One is on a mountain with no wind, while the other is by the ocean with coastal winds. They look slightly different due to their environment. What is this an example of?

a) elastic properties - creep
b) plastic changes - creep
c) elastic properties - necking
d) plastic changes - necking
e) none of the above

Answer 7

B

plastic changes - creep

Question 8

force that pulls and stretches tissue is called _____

Answer 8

tension

Question 9

force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue is called ______

Answer 9

shearing

Question 10

force that results in tissue crush - two forces applied towards one another is called ________

Answer 10

compression

Question 11

spondylolisthesis is an example of _______ (force)

Answer 11

shear stress

Question 12

How is general injury classified? (4 points)

Answer 12

1) stage of injury or healing
2) severity of the injury
3) type of tissue damaged/injured
4) type of mechanism (Mx)

Question 13

What is the healing timeframe for muscle strains?

Answer 13

6-8 weeks

Question 14

True or False: Muscle Spasms are synonymous to Muscle Cramps

Answer 14

false

Question 15

True or False: Muscle Spasms can lead to muscle sprains

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are the two types of muscle spasms and define them

Answer 16

Clonic - alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession

Tonic - rigid contraction that lasts a period of time

Question 17

Define muscle spasms

Answer 17

Involuntary reaction that interferes with voluntary movement by increasing tension and shortening

Question 18

True or false; tendons are typically double the mm strength, so tears generally occur in mm

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false; crepitus can arise in tendinitis

Answer 19

true

Question 20

define tendinosis

Answer 20

tendon degeneration

Question 21

True or false; tendinosis is acute

Answer 21

false; it is chronic

Question 22

S&S Tendinosis

Answer 22

• sometimes a tender lump

Question 23

tendinosis is more common in ______ age

Answer 23

middle or old

Question 24

how would you manage tendinosis?

Answer 24

• stretching and strengthening

Question 25

Define tenosynovitis. What causes it? Where does it often occur?

Answer 25

inflammation of synovial sheath; high friction areas - if tendon gliding through area is overused, becomes inflamed - often occurs in long flexor tendon of the digits and the biceps tendon

Question 26

what happens in acute tenosynovitis

Answer 26

rapid onset, crepitus, and diffuse swelling

Question 27

what happens in chronic tenosynovitis

Answer 27

thickening of tendon with pain and crepitus

Question 28

how does myositis ossificans develop?

Answer 28

Chronically inflamed and contused tissue may result in generation of calcium deposits

Question 29

What are the components of a synovial joint? (8 points)

Answer 29

- hyaline and/or articular cartilage - fibrous connective tissue capsule - ligaments - capsule with synovial membrane - joint cavity with synovial fluid - blood and nerve supply - muscles - menisci (fibrocartilage)

Question 30

Define Grade 1 sprain

Answer 30

- minor fiber damage and minimal instability - mild to moderate pain - minimal loss of function and swelling

Question 31

Define Grade II sprain

Answer 31

- tearing of fibers with moderate joint instability - moderate to severe pain - swelling and moderate loss of function

Question 32

Define Grade III sprain

Answer 32

- complete tear & may sublux - extremely painful initially - inevitable loss of function - severe instability and swelling

Question 33

Define subluxation

Answer 33

brief, transient injury involving partial dislocation & spontaneous joint relocation

Question 34

What is more common? Medial dislocation of patella, or lateral dislocation of patella?

Answer 34

Lateral

Question 35

define separation

Answer 35

separation of the fibrous joint d/t stretching/tearing of the supporting tissues

Question 36

Bone's functional adaptation to stresses follows _________ -- every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design a) Bohr's law b) Contractual law c) Parkinson's law d) Wolff's law e) none of the above

Answer 36

D

Question 37

Types of bone fractures (9 points)

Answer 37

- greenstick - comminuted - linear - transverse - oblique - spiral - avulsion - impacted - depressed

Question 38

Which of the following athletes are at risk of stress fractures? a) rowers b) marathoners c) track and field d) golfers e) B&C

Answer 38

A

Question 39

Define tendinitis and S&S

Answer 39

- inflammation of the tendon | - gradual onset, with diffuse tenderness d/t repeated microtrauma and degenerative changes

Question 40

In tendon injuries, breaking point occurs at ___ - ___% of increased length

Answer 40

6 - 8%

Question 41

True or false: Mm guarding is synonymous w/ mm spasm

Answer 41

false

Question 42

true or false; a mm spasm indicates increased tone d/t upper motor neuron lesion in the brain

Answer 42

true

Question 43

True or false; when bone bends, but does not break, it will not cause a pathological response

Answer 43

false; | Bone can bend before it breaks still causing a pathological response

Question 44

Which of the following are examples of tension force? a) hamstring strain b) burst fracture of the spine c) spondylolisthesis d) none of the above

Answer 44

A - hamstring strain

Question 45

What are the 5 types of mechanical stresses

Answer 45

- compression - tension - shearing - bending - torsion