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EPHE 344 Athletic and Care Prevention > MOI & Injury Classification > Flashcards

MOI & Injury Classification Flashcards

1
Q

define mechanical injury

A

Resulting from force or mechanical energy that causes a harmful disturbance in function and/or structure

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2
Q

What are the most common mechanisms of injuries? (MOIs) (8 points)

A
  • all out exertion
  • contact
  • striking or throwing projectiles
  • propulsion of the body through the air
  • repetition of movement
  • speed of the sport
  • extended periods of time/duration of activity
  • large # of participants in small area
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3
Q

Internal resistance to a load is _____

A

stress

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4
Q

Internal change in tissue (eg., length) resulting in deformation is ____

A

strain

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5
Q

define stiffness

A
  • ability of a tissue to resist a load

- greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can resist

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6
Q

True or False: Greater stiffness = less magnitude load can resist

A

False;

Greater stiffness = greater magnitude load can resist

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7
Q

There are two trees of the same species, but are in different environments. One is on a mountain with no wind, while the other is by the ocean with coastal winds. They look slightly different due to their environment. What is this an example of?

a) elastic properties - creep
b) plastic changes - creep
c) elastic properties - necking
d) plastic changes - necking
e) none of the above

A

B

plastic changes - creep

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8
Q

force that pulls and stretches tissue is called _____

A

tension

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9
Q

force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue is called ______

A

shearing

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10
Q

force that results in tissue crush - two forces applied towards one another is called ________

A

compression

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11
Q

spondylolisthesis is an example of _______ (force)

A

shear stress

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12
Q

How is general injury classified? (4 points)

A

1) stage of injury or healing
2) severity of the injury
3) type of tissue damaged/injured
4) type of mechanism (Mx)

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13
Q

What is the healing timeframe for muscle strains?

A

6-8 weeks

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14
Q

True or False: Muscle Spasms are synonymous to Muscle Cramps

A

false

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15
Q

True or False: Muscle Spasms can lead to muscle sprains

A

True

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16
Q

What are the two types of muscle spasms and define them

A

Clonic - alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession

Tonic - rigid contraction that lasts a period of time

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17
Q

Define muscle spasms

A

Involuntary reaction that interferes with voluntary movement by increasing tension and shortening

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18
Q

True or false; tendons are typically double the mm strength, so tears generally occur in mm

A

True

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19
Q

True or false; crepitus can arise in tendinitis

A

true

20
Q

define tendinosis

A

tendon degeneration

21
Q

True or false; tendinosis is acute

A

false; it is chronic

22
Q

S&S Tendinosis

A
  • sometimes a tender lump
23
Q

tendinosis is more common in ______ age

A

middle or old

24
Q

how would you manage tendinosis?

A
  • stretching and strengthening
25
Q

Define tenosynovitis. What causes it? Where does it often occur?

A

inflammation of synovial sheath; high friction areas

  • if tendon gliding through area is overused, becomes inflamed
  • often occurs in long flexor tendon of the digits and the biceps tendon
26
Q

what happens in acute tenosynovitis

A

rapid onset, crepitus, and diffuse swelling

27
Q

what happens in chronic tenosynovitis

A

thickening of tendon with pain and crepitus

28
Q

how does myositis ossificans develop?

A

Chronically inflamed and contused tissue may result in generation of calcium deposits

29
Q

What are the components of a synovial joint? (8 points)

A
  • hyaline and/or articular cartilage
  • fibrous connective tissue capsule
  • ligaments
  • capsule with synovial membrane
  • joint cavity with synovial fluid
  • blood and nerve supply
  • muscles
  • menisci (fibrocartilage)
30
Q

Define Grade 1 sprain

A
  • minor fiber damage and minimal instability
  • mild to moderate pain
  • minimal loss of function and swelling
31
Q

Define Grade II sprain

A
  • tearing of fibers with moderate joint instability
  • moderate to severe pain
  • swelling and moderate loss of function
32
Q

Define Grade III sprain

A
  • complete tear & may sublux
  • extremely painful initially
  • inevitable loss of function
  • severe instability and swelling
33
Q

Define subluxation

A

brief, transient injury involving partial dislocation & spontaneous joint relocation

34
Q

What is more common? Medial dislocation of patella, or lateral dislocation of patella?

A

Lateral

35
Q

define separation

A

separation of the fibrous joint d/t stretching/tearing of the supporting tissues

36
Q

Bone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows _________ – every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design

a) Bohr’s law
b) Contractual law
c) Parkinson’s law
d) Wolff’s law
e) none of the above

A

D

37
Q

Types of bone fractures (9 points)

A
  • greenstick
  • comminuted
  • linear
  • transverse
  • oblique
  • spiral
  • avulsion
  • impacted
  • depressed
38
Q

Which of the following athletes are at risk of stress fractures?

a) rowers
b) marathoners
c) track and field
d) golfers
e) B&C

A

A

39
Q

Define tendinitis and S&S

A
  • inflammation of the tendon

- gradual onset, with diffuse tenderness d/t repeated microtrauma and degenerative changes

40
Q

In tendon injuries, breaking point occurs at ___ - ___% of increased length

A

6 - 8%

41
Q

True or false: Mm guarding is synonymous w/ mm spasm

A

false

42
Q

true or false; a mm spasm indicates increased tone d/t upper motor neuron lesion in the brain

A

true

43
Q

True or false; when bone bends, but does not break, it will not cause a pathological response

A

false;

Bone can bend before it breaks still causing a pathological response

44
Q

Which of the following are examples of tension force?

a) hamstring strain
b) burst fracture of the spine
c) spondylolisthesis
d) none of the above

A

A - hamstring strain

45
Q

What are the 5 types of mechanical stresses

A
  • compression
  • tension
  • shearing
  • bending
  • torsion

EPHE 344 Athletic and Care Prevention (17 decks)

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