Lecture 2 - Emergency Situations I

Question 1

true or false: You must assign roles during an emergency event

Answer 1

false; you must assign roles prior to an event

Question 2

true or false: you must set up an EAP before an emergency

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Emergency Action Plan Checklist

Answer 3

• Equipment
• On site personnel (some sports require on-site ambulance or dentist)
• medical information cards/parental consent
• location of a phone
• rapid field access (eg., locked gates/keys; obstacles to field of play)

Question 4

define emergency

Answer 4

An unforeseen or combination of circumstances or the resulting state that calls for IMMEDIATE action:

• a sudden body alteration (eg., ruptured appendix or surgical shock) such as is likely to require immediate medical attention
• a usually distressing event or condition that can be anticipated or prepared for but seldom exactly foreseen

Question 5

Review the emergency action plan. What are 3 things that should be on it?

Answer 5

• Personnel and roles
• Location and contact information
• Call sheet

Question 6

Charge Person

Answer 6

• typically the most capable to manage situations
• assessing. Determining emergent situation
• Gives directions/assigns roles (eg., crown control, ambulance director)
• opposition charge person

Question 7

Assistant/Control Person

Answer 7

• anyone appointed by the charge person
• often assists the charge person with assessment/ injury management
• crowd control

Question 8

Call Person

Answer 8

• Makes the 911 call
• Reports back to the charge person
• May also be the person guiding the ambulance/emergency personnel

Question 9

What is on the EAP Call Sheet?

Answer 9

Step 1 BREATHE
Dial 911
- ambulance/fire/police
- hello my name is ____ and my phone number is ____
- describe the emergency, type of emergency/injury, present condition of athlete, current assistance being provided
- I am at ____; someone will be located at ____ to guide you (note any limitations in the building)
- follow the dispatcher’s instructions/answer questions
- do not hang up unless instructed to do so
- return to the scene to assist until help arrives

Question 10

who is typically the initial medial personal to actually see the injured individual?

Answer 10

the first aider; they are typically the ones who see the injury and who will attend to the injured athlete first

Question 11

How do you determine an emergent situation?

Answer 11

determined by mechanism of injury, player movements on field, and observation upon approach

Question 12

what is the 1st crucial step in proper injury management?

Answer 12

on the field assessment: it is quick, efficient, and concise. It provides clues as to injury severity.

Prompt recognition of life threatening conditions can be life saving

Question 13

Primary Survey

Answer 13

• determines the presence of life-threatening injuries or conditions

Question 14

Secondary Survey

Answer 14

• determines presence of other issues that are NOT life threatening NOW, but may becomes so

Question 15

What are examples of life threatening conditions? (5 points)

Answer 15

• airway obstruction
• no breathing
• no circulation
• profuse/deadly bleeding
• shock

Question 16

What are conditions that require immediate action? (7 points)

Answer 16

• hyperthermia
• hypothermia
• head injury (loss of consciousness)
• fracture or dislocation of spine or long bone
• serious eye injuries
• athlete unwilling to move or cannot support own body weight
• unconsciousness

Question 17

define shock

Answer 17

heart unable to exert enough pressure to circulate blood to vital organs

Question 18

what can cause shock (3 points)

Answer 18

• damaged heart
• low blood volume
• blood vessels dilation which causes pooling away from vital organs that take oxygen away from cells

Question 19

What are the types of shock? (8 points)

Answer 19

• hypovolemic shock
• respiratory shock
• neurogenic shock
• anaphylactic shock
• septic shock
• cardiogenic shock
• metabolic shock
• psychogenic shock

Question 20

signs and symptoms of shock (8 points)

Answer 20

1) rapid, weak pulse and low blood pressure
2) shallow, rapid breathing (panting)
3) pale, cool, clammy skin
4) blue/grey pallor in lips/ tongue/nailbeds
5) may be drowsy and appear sluggish
6) weakness, dizziness
7) sweating, may be very thirsty
8) late stages - unconsciousness and death

Question 21

How would you manage shock? (7 points)

Answer 21

1) activate EMS
2) obtain and maintain open airway
3) manage complications or conditions
4) maintain body temperature
5) elevate legs in MOST situations
6) reassure and keep calm
7) monitor and record vital signs

Question 22

hypovolemic shock

Answer 22

low blood volume

low blood pressure

Question 23

respiratory shock

Answer 23

lungs cannot supply enough oxygen

Question 24

neurogenic shock

Answer 24

dilation of peripheral blood vessels due to trauma in central nervous system

Question 25

psychogenic shock

Answer 25

dilation of blood vessels due to decreased amount of blood to brain (syncope)

Question 26

syncope is an example of:

Answer 26

psychogenic shock due to low blood flow to the brain

Question 27

septic shock

Answer 27

severe bacterial infection

Question 28

metabolic shock

Answer 28

complicated of untreated diabetes or extreme loss of body fluid

Question 29

cardiogenic shock

Answer 29

heart incapable of circulating blood

Question 30

anaphylactic shock

Answer 30

dilation of peripheral blood vessels due to severe allergic reaction. Hypotensive but tachycardic

Question 31

hypotensive but tachycardic

Answer 31

anaphylactic shock

Question 32

complication of untreated diabetes or extreme loss of body fluid can cause _______ shock

Answer 32

metabolic