Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EPHE 344 Athletic and Care Prevention > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

the foot is comprised of ____ bones and ____ joints

A

26 bones, 36 joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

heel strike is a ______ (rigid, nonrigid) lever whereas toe-off is a ______ (rigid, nonrigid) lever

A

heel strike -> rigid lever

toe-off -> non-rigid lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____% of individuals suffer from foot problems

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false; foot problems can lead to other problems up the kinetic chain (eg., back problems can arise from foot problems)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sinus tarsi is loaded with ________

A

proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which of the following is true about the foot?

a) if the rear foot is unlocked, the rest of the foot is unlocked
b) if the rear foot is unlocked, the rest of the foot is locked
c) the position of the rear foot is not indicative of what the rest of the foot would be
d) none of the above

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what structure is responsible for allowing the mobile and rigid period during walking

A

plantar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fallen medial longitudinal arch is also known as

a) plantar fasciitis
b) Raynaud’s syndrome
c) fallen arch/flat foot
d) none of the above

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

transverse metatarsal ligament function

A

stops toes from splaying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how would you best prevent foot injuries?

a) paying attention to hygiene
b) correcting biomechanical structural deficiencies through orthotics
c) appropriate footwear
d) both B and C
e) all of the above

A

E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

achilles tendon insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity

plantar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lisfranc injury etiology

A

dorsum of foot rolls further forward (snowboarding, football, equestrian sports)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S&S Lisfranc injury

A
  • inability to weight bear

- localized swelling & tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pes Planus etiology

A
  • poor biomechanics
  • wearing tight shoes
  • trauma
  • overweight
  • excess exercise pressure on arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S&S Pes Planus

A
  • pain
  • weakness or fatigue in medial arch
  • flattened appearance of arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management - Pes planus

A
  • leave it alone is not causing an issue

- orthotics, arch taping if problems develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pes Cavus - etiology

A
  • higher arch than normal
  • associated with excessive supination
  • accentuated high medial longitudinal arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S&S pes cavus

A
  • poor shock absorption, resulting in metatarsalgia
  • foot pain
  • clawed or hammer toes
  • associated with tight achilles and plantar fascia
  • heavy callus development on ball and heel of foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pes cavus - management

A
  • leave it alone if not causing an issue
  • orthotics (?)
  • stretch achilles and plantar fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

plantar fasciitis - etiology

A
  • tight heel cord
  • cavus foot or hyperpronation
  • changes in footwear or training surfaces
  • excessive training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

S&S plantar fasciitis

A
  • point tenderness medial heel/ medial arch
  • pain with forceable dorsiflexion
  • first step pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

management of plantar fasciitis

A
  • orthoses/heel cup
  • arch taping/night splint
  • massage and vigorous stretching
23
Q

metatarsal stress fractures - etiology

A
  • common in running and jumping sports
  • most frequent in 2nd MT “March fracture”
  • associated w/ increase in training, change in training surfaces
  • inappropriate footwear
  • flat feet & bunions
24
Q

S&S MT stress fractures

A
  • over 2-3 weeks of dull ache during exercise

- progressing from diffuse to localized pain at rest

25
Q

MT stress fracture - management

A
  • limit WB activity & cross train with NWB activities
  • determine source of injury
  • gradual RTA
26
Q

bunion (hallux valgus deformity) - etiology

A
  • lateral deviation of hallux and exostosis of 1st MT head
  • great toe shifts towards 2nd toe
  • associated with increase pronation, footwear, genetics
  • bunionette (Tailor’s bunion) impacts 5th metatarsophalangeal joint - causes angulation towards 4th tow
27
Q

bunion S&S

A
  • tenderness, swelling, and enlargement of joint initially, resulting in angulation
  • walking becomes painful
28
Q

bunion management

A
  • wear correct fitting shoes
  • appropriate orthotics
  • pad over 1st MT head
  • tape splint between 1st and 2nd toe
  • engage in foot ex for flexor and extensor mm
  • bunionectomy may be necessary q
29
Q

sesamoiditis - etiology

A
  • caused by repetitive hyperextension of the great toe or landing on 1st MTP
  • common in dancing and b ball
30
Q

S&S sesamoiditis

A
  • pain and tenderness under great toe

especially during push off

31
Q

management of sesamoiditis

A
  • treat with orthotics devices (MT pads, arch supports)

- decrease activity to allow inflammation to subside

32
Q

Metatarsalgia - etiology

A
  • pain in ball of foot

- tight gastroc-soleus complex or fallen arches; increase callus formation

33
Q

S&S metatarsalgia

A
  • transverse arch flattened
  • pain w/ WB activities
  • cavus foot may also cause problems
34
Q

metatarsalgia - management

A
  • MT pad

- stretching heel cord and strengthening intrinsic foot mm

35
Q

Morton’s neuroma - etiology

A
  • interdigital nerve irritation d/t tumor or nerve entrapment
  • caused by excessive pronation; weak feet
36
Q

S&S - morton’s neuroma

A
  • burning parasthesia and severe intermittent pain in forefoot
  • notably between 3rd and 4th MT heads
  • pain relieved with non-wbing
  • toe hyperextension increases symptoms
37
Q

management - morton’s neuroma

A
  • must rule out stress fracture
  • MT padding
  • shoes with wider toe box
  • surgical excision may be required
38
Q

sprained toe - etiology

A
  • generally caused by kicking non-yielding object

- hyperrextension of 1st MTP = turf toe

39
Q

S&S Sprained toe

A
  • pain & immediate swelling
  • discoloration occuring within 1-2 days
  • stubbed toe stiffness and residual pain will last several weeks
40
Q

management - sprained toe

A
  • POLICE
  • buddy taping
  • turf toe taping
  • begin wbing as tolerable
41
Q

etiology - subungual hematoma

A
  • direct pressure, dropping an object on toe
  • kicking another object
  • repetitive shear force on toenail
  • improperly fit shoes, running downhill
42
Q

S&S subungual hematoma

A
  • accumulation of blood underneath toenail, extreme pain, loss of nail
43
Q

subungual hematoma - management

A
  • RICE immediately to reduce pain and swelling

- relieve pressure within 12-24 hours (lance or drill nail) - must be sterile to prevent infection

44
Q

etiology - ingrown toenail

A
  • generally occurs in great toe
  • results in lateral pressure from shoes
  • poor nail trimming and repeated trauma
45
Q

S&S ingrown toenail

A
  • pain

- swelling & redness around irritated section

46
Q

management of ingrown toenail

A
  • conservative management includes soaking inflamed toe in warm water (20 min)
  • place cotton under edge of nail to clear from skin
  • if chronic, remove wedge of nail and apply antiseptic compress until inflammation resides
  • physician may take more aggressive approach
47
Q

ingrown toenail prevention

A
  • properly fitting shoes and socks are essential
  • weekly toenail trimming (cut straight across)
  • leave nail long enough to clear skin
48
Q

tinea pedis - etiology

A
  • most common form of superficial fungal infection

- highly contagious

49
Q

S&S tinea pedis

A
  • extreme itching or soles of feet, between and on top of toes
  • appears as dry scaling patch or inflammatory scaling red papules forming larger plaques
  • may develop secondary infection from itching and bacteria
50
Q

tinea pedis - management

A
  • topic antifungal agents and good foot hygiene
51
Q

blister - etiology

A
  • result of a shearing force that produces a raised area that accumulates with fluid
52
Q

blister S&S

A
  • hot spot, sharp burning sensation, painful

- superficial area of skin raised with clear fluid

53
Q

blister prevention

A
  • use of dust or powder or lubricant to reduce friction
  • 2 pairs of socks if feet are sensitive or perspire excessively
  • appropriate shoes that are broken in
  • pad hot spots
  • lubricants
  • management - see wound care lab

EPHE 344 Athletic and Care Prevention (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions