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EPHE 344 Athletic and Care Prevention > Environmental Considerations & Common Medical Conditions > Flashcards

Environmental Considerations & Common Medical Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Individuals Susceptible to HEAT Illness

A
  • age (very young or old)
  • obese (produce 18% more heat)
  • poor conditioning or acclimatization
  • previous history of heat illness
  • sleep deprived
  • dehydration
  • acute illness (fever or GI)
  • chronic illness (alcoholic, cystic fibrosis, cardiac disease, skin problems, uncontrolled diabetes)
  • wheelchair / SCI athletes
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2
Q

define metabolic heat production

A

production and radiation of heat via metabolic function

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3
Q

define radiation

A

heat gain or loss;

eg., heat gain from sunshine; loss as body tries to dissipate heat

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4
Q

define conduction

A

heat gain or loss via contact with other objects (ice vs turf)

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5
Q

define convection

A

heat gain or loss as air or water circulates over body

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6
Q

define evaporation

A

heat loss via perspiration and evaporation (sweat 2-4 lb per 2kg/hr)

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7
Q

How could you prevent heat injury?

A
  • acclimatize (1-2 weeks)
  • education
  • unrestricted hydration
  • identify people at risk
  • appropriate uniforms
  • weight records
  • monitor heat index
  • common sense
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8
Q

true or false; there is no such thing as overhydration

A

false; hyponatremia -> overhydration -> skews electrolyte balance

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9
Q

true or false; hyponatremia may cause brain swelling and unusual neurological responses

A

true

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10
Q

S&S hyponatremia

A
  • bloating/nausea
  • worsening headache
  • vomiting
  • swelling in extremities
  • lethargy
  • apathy / agitation
  • wheezing
  • mm weakness
  • spasm & fatigue
  • disorientation
  • At extreme: confusion, brain damage, seizure or coma, DEATH
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11
Q

S&S Dehydration

A
  • negative effect on performance
  • thirsty
  • dry mouth
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • irritability
  • lethargy
  • excessive fatigue
  • possible cramping
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12
Q

define heat syncope and what is it caused by

A

fainting d/t heat

  • blood pooling after exercise
  • d/t poor acclimatization
  • d/t standing in heat for too long
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13
Q

S&S heat syncope

A
  • light headedness
  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • fainting
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14
Q

S&S mm cramp

A
  • painful/violent mm cramp in calf or abdominal mm

- sweating/fatigue

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15
Q

S&S heat exhaustion

A
  • profuse sweating
  • weakness
  • pallor
  • weight loss
  • low urine volume
  • thirsty/dry mouth
  • nausea
  • headache
  • increased core temperature
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16
Q

true or false; heat stroke is not a medical emergency

A

false; call 9-1-1

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17
Q

true or false; you can detect a heat stroke in a person when they are profusely sweating

A

false; no sweating in someone who has had a head stroke

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18
Q

Individuals Susceptible to COLD Illness

A
  • age (very young or old)
  • prolonged exposure
  • malnutrition
  • some medications
  • previous history of cold illness
  • chronic illness (alcoholism, skin problems/burns, diabetes, hypothyroidism, Parkinson’s)
  • SCI athletes
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19
Q

S&S heat stroke

A
  • sudden collapse
  • LOC
  • flushed skin
  • hot skin
  • shallow breathing and rapid pulse
  • headache
  • seizure
  • change in behavior
  • nausea / diarrhea
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20
Q

cold injury prevention

A
  • hydration (body weight records)
  • education
  • identify people at risk
  • appropriate apparel
  • monitor weather
  • warm downs
  • common sense
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21
Q

In hypothermia, when does freezing stop?

A

29.4-32.3 degree celcius

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22
Q

in hypothermia, death is imminent between ____ and ____ degrees celcius

A

25 - 29

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23
Q

problems arise when heat ____ exceeds heat _____.

a) production; loss
b) loss; production
c) gain; loss
d) loss; gain

A

B

24
Q

true or false; wind and humidity affects cold temperature

A

true

25
Q

In the event of a frost nip - bite, what must you do to manage this?

A
  • remove from cold
  • do not rub area
  • submerge in water, and re-warm slowly
  • refer to physician immediately
26
Q

mild hypothermia temperature

A

core temperature below 35 degrees C

27
Q

how would you manage mild hypothermia

A
  • may be medical emergency
  • remove from cold
  • remove wet clothing
  • re-warm slowly
  • give warm liquids
  • monitor vitals
28
Q

S&S mild hypothermia

A
  • shivering
  • numbness
  • lack of coordination
  • confused
  • unusual behavior
  • slurred speech
29
Q

S&S hypothermia

A
  • intense uncontrollable shivering -> violent shivering
  • difficulty speaking if conscious
  • progress to stopping shivering, muscular rigidity, decreased coordination, confusion to amnesia
  • irrational behavior
  • loss of consciousness
  • decreased respiration and pulse
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • unconscious and unresponsive
  • heart and lungs fail, hemorrhaging and death
30
Q

what happens in altitude sickness

A

high altitude -> O2 decreases -> increased heart rate, increased hyperventilation -> dehydration -> sickle cell trait reaction (cells clump and destroy RBC and enlarge spleen)

31
Q

What is the #2 cause of death by weather phenomena ?

A

lightning

32
Q

true or false; people living in areas who do not get much lightning should be especially attentive because they are less aware of the dangers of lightning

A

true

33
Q

true or false; once you see lightning, it has already struck

A

true

34
Q

true or false; when your hand starts to stand up, you must get down on the ground and lie flat

A

false; do not lie flat; this increases surface area and increase liklihood of getting struck.

Instead, get down on the ground but do not lie flat

35
Q

insulin dependent diabetes

A

Type 1

36
Q

non-insulin dependent diabetes

A

Type II

37
Q

Type III diabetes

A

associated with Alzheimer’s

brain’s insulin utilization is not functioning

38
Q

diabetes mellitus involves a complete or partial decrease in insulin secretion. What is diabetes mellitus a result of?

A

result of interaction between physical and environmental factors

39
Q

true or false; you may use aspertine as an alternative to sugar for diabetics

A

false; do NOT use aspertine; this will not spike up blood glucose levels

40
Q

how would you manage diabetes

A
  • insulin

- vigorous exercise (increases insulin action and enhances glucose tolerance)

41
Q

S&S insulin shock

A
  • tingling in mouth, hands, or other parts of the body
  • physical weakness
  • headaches
  • abdominal pain
  • normal or shallow respiration
  • rapid heart rate
  • tremors along with irritability and drowsiness
42
Q

how would you manage insulin shock

A
  • adhere to planned diet

eg. , snacks before/during exercise as needed

43
Q

what causes a diabetic coma

A

loss of sodium, potassium, and ketone bodies through excessive urination (ketoacidosis)

44
Q

S&S of diabetic coma

A
  • labored breathing
  • fruity smelling breath (due to acetone)
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • thirst
  • dry mucous membrane
  • flushed skin
  • mental confusion
  • unconsciousness followed by coma
45
Q

how would you manage a diabetic to prevent a diabetic coma

A
  • insulin injections
  • manage glucose levels
  • detect early
46
Q

define epilepsy

A 
cerebral function disorder 
characterized by 
- altered consciousness 
- altered motor activity 
- altered sensory phenomena 
- inappropriate behaviors caused by abnormal cerebral neuron discharge
47
Q

define “grand-mal”

A

uncontrolled mm contractions (epilepsy)

48
Q

how long do seizures last

A

5 - 15 seconds

49
Q

when should you call 9-11 when someone is having a seizure

A
  • if seizing for a minute
  • no history of seizure
  • if person is a stranger
50
Q

true or false; you must attempt to restrain the person if they are having a seizure

A

false; do not restrain them; you could hurt them

51
Q

what causes exercise induced asthma

A

mouth breathing -> bypasses nasal air conditioning -> bronchoconstriction -> exercise induced asthma

52
Q

what is exercise induced asthma aggravated by

A
  • cold air
  • dry air
  • polluted air
  • allergenic filled air
53
Q

S&S exercise induced asthma

A
  • coughing/wheezing
  • excessive spitting
  • dyspnea and / or chest tightness following 6-8 min of strenuous exercise
  • may hyperventilate
54
Q

how would you manage exercise induced asthma

A
  • avoid triggers and warm up appropriately
  • cover nose and mouth to warm and humidify air
  • puffers
55
Q

the female athlete triad - etiology

A

trio of issues associated with

  • disordered eating
  • amenorrhea
  • osteoporosis
56
Q

true or false; disordered eating is NOT the same this as an eating disorder

A

true

EPHE 344 Athletic and Care Prevention (17 decks)

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