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AET 261 flashcard > thoracic, abdominal, pelvic injuries (final) > Flashcards

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic injuries (final) Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of injury with pelvic, thoracic, abdominal injuries?

A
  • soft tissue
  • fractures
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2
Q

5 general rules for treating someone with pelvic, thoracic, abdominal injuries?

A
  1. pay attention to O2 levels
  2. dressing and bandages for external hemorrhaging
  3. pay attention to risk factors for internal hemorrhaging
  4. limit risk of infection
  5. treat for shock.
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3
Q

what is a chest thoracic injury?

A
  • a blunt or penetrating force applied to the chest. they can be be wither open or closed.
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4
Q

name 6 s/s of general chest injuries?

A
  1. respiratory distress or arrest
  2. pain at the site of injury that increases with deep respirations or movement.
  3. obvious deformity
  4. unequal or paradoxical movement of the chest wall.
  5. flush, pale, bluish skin
  6. coughing up blood.
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5
Q

what is thoracic auscultation?

A
  • when using a stethoscope there may be a decreased or absent breath sound on the injured side.

listen for it just under the clavicle or at the bottom of the armpit.

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6
Q

why would a rib # be life threatening?

A
  • if there are multiple fractures, or if there is pain on multiple palpation of the ribs. it is life threatening because if the rib breaks then the sharp edges can cut a artery and the person can bleed out.
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7
Q

name 3 reasons why you would suspect a rib fracture?

A
  1. persons respirations are painful, shallow, or laboured.
  2. person attempt to learn forward to ease the pain, on the side of the fracture.
  3. the person tries to stabilize the fracture by putting pressure on the injured area.
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8
Q

care for rib fractures?

A
  • person in a semi fowler position
  • support and immobilize the area using soft bulky objects.
  • provide respiratory interventions if needed. (O2 or assisted ventilations.
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9
Q

what are 3 compilations with rib #?

A
  • flail chest
  • hemothorax
  • pneuothorax
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10
Q

what is a flail chest?

A
  • this is when there are multiple fractures to a section of ribs where that part of the rib cage breaks free.
    paradoxical breathing is feeling the th rib wall is moving equally.
  • when the person breaths in the segment of the ribs that are broken will move inwards.
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11
Q

how do you treat someone with a flailed chest?

A
  • bulky dressing to the injured area that is 1/2” thick or more, that covers beyond edges of the segment.
  • secure with a basket weave of tape until the whole area is covered.
  • call 911.
  • treat for shock
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12
Q

what is a hemothorax?

A
  • bleeding into the pleural space around the lungs. you will not hear a breath on the affected side, the chest will fill with blood and the lung will be unable to expand which will cause the lung to collapse.
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13
Q

what are MOI for hemothorax?

A
  • blunt trauma (closed hemothorax)
  • penetrating trauma (open hemothorax)
  • a lacerated lung ( open hemothorax)
  • lacerated blood vessel in the chest.
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14
Q

s/s of hemothorax?

A
  • cyanosis
  • neck veins flat
    JVD, tracheal deviation
    breath sounds are absent.
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15
Q

treatment of hemothorax?

A
  • O2 as needed.
  • control blood if penetration
  • assisted breath ventilations.
  • RTD 911
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16
Q
  1. what is a open hemothorax?
  2. how do you treat someone w/ a open hemothorax?
A
  1. this is a open wound to the chest from a penetration.
  2. administer O2 as needed.
    - cover wound with a NON-OCCLUSIVE dressing and secure. this will allow for air flow which is very important, bc if we don’t have air flow then the lung can collapse. this is the only time you can replace dressing once it is fully saturated.
    - assisted ventilation
    - place person in recovery on injured side, so blood and air can drain out.
17
Q

what is a pneumothorax?

A
  • a condition caused by air entering the pleural space around the lungs.
  • depending on the amount of air around the lung it can partially or completely collapse.
  • if air escapes once into the pleural space it is considered a simple pneumothorax.
18
Q

3 MOI for pneumothorax?

A
  • blunt trauma
  • penetration trauma
  • spontaneous
19
Q

s/s pneumothorax?

A
  • pleuritic chest pain. (increase pain with coughing or inhaling.
  • dyspnea (SOB), tachypnea (rapid breath)
  • decreased or absent breath sound on injured side.
  • subcutaneous emphysema
20
Q

what is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A
  • person complains of sudden sharp chest pain and sudden shortness of breath fallowing sternuous exertion, coughing, or air travel.
21
Q

what is tension pneumothorax?

A
  • lung tissue is torn causing a continual flow of air into the pleural space, and a steady increase of pressure. this will eventually cause the lung to collapse.
22
Q

treatment of tension pneumothorax?

A
  • administer O2 as needed.
  • patient positioning
  • assisted ventilations
    – RTD
22
Q

s/s of tension pneumothorax?

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypotension
    • tracheal deviation*
  • JVD
  • low O2 levels.
23
Q

what is subcutaneous emphysema?

A
  • air becomes trapped in tissues beneath the skin. this is most common with penetrating trauma to the lungs and bronchial tube. affected area appears swollen.
24
Q

general treatment for penatrating chest injuries?

A
  • control internal and external bleeds.
  • treat respiratory distress and arrest
  • use non-occluded cause to allow airflow (if you don’t have the right gauze then don’t do anything.)
  • RTD.
25
Q

what is commotion cordis?

A
  • disruption of heart rhythm that occurs because of a blow to the area directly over the heart at a heart contraction that leads to cardiac arrest.
26
Q

what is McBurney’s point?

A
  • this is the measured 1/3 of the distance from the R ASIS. (appendix)
27
Q

name 5 general s/s of abdominal injuries?

A
  • external bleeding
  • distention (bloated) in the abdomen.
  • nausea & vomitting (w/ or w/o blood.)
  • possible organ protruding
  • pale, moist skin
28
Q

general care of someone who has a open and closed abdominal injuries?

A

CLOSED
- care for internal bleeding and shock
- place in supine w/ knees bent, allowing for muscles of abdomen to relax
- O2 as needed.

OPEN
- general care for external bleeding.
- apply trauma dressing and gentle pressure.

29
Q

what is abdominal evisceration?

A
  • when a major open wound occurs in which the abdominal organs protrude through the wound.
30
Q

how do you treat someone with abdominal evisceration?

A
  • remove clothing
  • place carefully inn supine.
    -apply warm moist sterile dressing loosely over the injury.
  • administer O2 as needed.
  • RTD
  • leave organs where they are.
31
Q

what is abdominal aortic aneurysm? (AAA)

A
  • the wall of the abdominal aorta weakens and bulges, creating localized enlarged area. as it expands the pain will increase ad vessel walls become thinner and the risk of rupturing increases.
32
Q

how do you treat someone with (AAA) abdominal. aortic aneurysm?

A
  • call 911
33
Q

s/s for (AAA)?

A
  • abdominal pain
  • abdominal rigidity
  • diminished or absent femoral or pedal pulses
  • numbness or tingling in the lower extremities?
  • pulsating mass in the abdomen.
34
Q

what would cause someone to be more susceptible to a spleen injury?

A
  • when someone gets mono the spleen enlarges dropping it below the rib cage. the infection attacks red and white blood cells and starts to slow down the system.
35
Q

s/s of spleen injury?

A
  • abdominal rigidity (LUQ)
  • nausea
  • kehr’s sign (pain referred to lower left chest and shoulder area, about 1/3 down left arm.
36
Q

s/s of pelvic injury?

A
  • severe pain
  • pelvic instability
  • numbness in legs
  • paralysis
  • rectal, urethral or vaginal bleeding.
37
Q

general care of someone with a pelvic injury?

A
  • avoid pressure on the pelvis
  • minimize movement
  • treat for shock
  • call 911
  • control external bleeds
38
Q
A

AET 261 flashcard (9 decks)

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