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AET 261 flashcard > environmental illness > Flashcards

environmental illness Flashcards

1
Q

what does the hypothalamus control?

A

part of the brain that controls thermal regulation, which affects the body to remain at a constant core temperature.

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2
Q

how does vastconstricion and dilation affect the homeostasis of the body?

A

vasodilation
- we start sweating which releases the heat, which helps reduce our temperature.

vasoconstriction
- the blood vessel constrict so the blood pushes against the walls helping generate more heat, which we shiver in order to raise our body temperature.

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3
Q

what are 4 mechanisms of heat loss?

A
  1. conduction
    - (heat is lost through direct contact with something solid or a liquid)
  2. convection
    - (flowing water or air removes heat. Fan pushing air over the skin0
  3. radiation
    - (through space. air)
  4. evaporation
    - (change from liquid to gas. sweating)
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4
Q

how is sweating affected in a cold ad warm environment?

A

cold environment.
- reduce sweating as much as possible.
- if your sitting on the bench/side layer up to stay warm. if your playing layer down.

hot environment.
- evaporating heat loss will help the body to stay at a regular temperature.
- if sweat does not evaporate, it will not cause cooling.

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5
Q

2 ways the body regulates body temperature in a cold environment?

A
  1. vasoconstriction
    then
  2. shivering (if vasoconstriction does not work then shivering takes place to try and warm the body up)
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6
Q

7 factors that affect regulation of body temperature?

A
  1. temperature of the surrounding air or water
  2. air humidity
  3. wind speed
  4. physiological factors, ex heat production
  5. clothing properties. (what type of clothing is being used)
  6. total insulation (body fat)
  7. skin moisture.
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7
Q

what is wind chill?

A
  • it is the actual temperature + the ambient temperature, based off of the wind in a cold environment.
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8
Q

what is heat and humidity?

A
  • heat and humidity combine to increase heat stress.
  • is an increase in apparent temperature which increases the heat stress on the body.
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9
Q

6 causes of heat and/ or cold related illnesses?

A
  1. exercise in extreme tempetkres
  2. exercise in clothing or gear that inhibits heat exchange
  3. working indoors in hot, humid or poorly ventilated areas
  4. exposure to cold temp, exaggerated by wet or windy conditions
  5. footwear is too tight
  6. reaction in cold, wet, or windy conditions.
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10
Q

who does heat related illnesses affect?

A

anyone working, playing, or unable to regulate body temperature in hot conditions.

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11
Q

what are 3 heat related illnesses?

A
  1. heat cramps
  2. heat exhaustion
  3. heat stroke
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12
Q

what are heat cramps?

A
  • painful spasm of the the skeletal muscles that occur after periods of physical exertion in warm or moderate tempetkres.
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13
Q

what are 2 causes of heat cramps?

A
  1. profuse sweating during exercise.
    then
  2. lack of hydration.

player can RTP once the cramps have stopped.

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14
Q

what is heat exhaustion? (vasodilation)

A
  • the body temperature rises and thermoregulatory responses are activated to compensate.
  • patient temperature might be slightly higher than normal.
  • patient loses fluid through sweating, which decreases blood volume.
  • blood flow is reduced to vital organs
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15
Q

does a player with heat exhaustion RTP? why or why not?

A

No. because the player needs to allow their body temperature to reduce and come back down to a normal temperature. a payer who plays through heat exhaustion is at a higher risk for heat stroke which can be deadly.

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16
Q

what is heat stroke?

A
  • the body system is completely overwhelmed from the heat.
  • occurs when s/s of heat exhaustion are ignored.
  • sweating stops Bec the body fluid levels are too low and the body cannot actively cool itself.
    -bodys core tmpeture rises above 40.
17
Q

what are s/s of heat cramps, exhaustion, stroke?

-* = call 911/ hospital.

A

CRAMPS
- moist warm skin
- muscle contractions (mild - sev)
- mental, pulse, respiration are normal vital signs.

EXHAUSTION
- moist warm skin
- headache, weakness, exhaustion
- nausea, vomitting
- * fainting.
- anxiety
-* dizziness
- pulse, respiratoion are normal

STROKE
-* dry and hot skin
-* seizure, coma, severe headache
-* altered behaviour, irritable, aggressive, bizzarre mental activity.
-* pulse rapid or weak
-* respiration rapid or shallow.

18
Q

3 types of cold related illnesses?

A
  • frostnip
  • frost bite
  • hypothermia
19
Q

what is frostnip?

A
  • frostnip is where the superficial extremities of the body begin to freeze.
  • is also a very minor form of frostbite.
  • can be treated by warming the area against the skin or warm water.
20
Q

what are s/s of frostnips?

A
  • skin appears pale
  • pain or stinging in the area
21
Q

what is frostbite?

A
  • it is when the water inside and between the cells begin to freeze and swell.
  • blood vessels and nerves become damaged.
22
Q

what are s/s of frostbite?

A
  • skin appears white or waxy
  • skin is cold and hard to the touch
  • lack of feeling in affected area
  • after thaw, person may experience burning, redness, pain, tenderness and blisters.
23
Q

what is the difference between superficial and deep frostbit?

A

superficial
- clear blisters may develop after thaw.
- small amount of tissue lost or no tissue at all.
- minimal damage to the dermis.

Deep
- hemorrhagic blisters may develop, that appear dark red.
- likely result in tissue loss

24
Q

how do you treat someone with frostbite?

A
  • handle the affected area gently.
  • DO NOT rub hand together or apply snow or ice.
  • THAW the area only if you know it won’t freeze again.
  • submerge in a container for warm water.
  • put gauze between the fingertips that way they heal individually.
25
Q

what is hypothermia?

what are 4 phases of hypothermia?

A
  • when the core body tempeture drops from 37 C to 35 C or below.
  • can be life threatening if the body’s core drops to 28 C or below.
  • cold stressed.
  • mild hypothermia
  • moderate hypothermia
  • severe hypothermia
26
Q
  1. what is cold stress?
  2. what is mild hypothermia?
A
  1. it will be cold outside, but the persons core tempeture has not dropped, and they have normal or near normal function of extremities.
  2. mild hypothermia is when the internal tempeture has change slightly. the person has near normal functions including HR and rest. rate.
27
Q
  1. what are s/s of cold stress?
  2. what are s/s of mild hypothermia?
A
  1. shivering
  2. normal mental status
  3. normal or near normal motor function
  4. vigorous shivering, complaining of being cold.
  5. decreased motor and sensory function.
  6. some loss of function of extremities.
28
Q

what is moderate hypothermia?

  1. what are s/s of moderate hypothermia?
A
  • there is a decrease in the body’s core tempeture.
  • slowed and weak respiratory and heart rates.
  1. weak & intermittent shivering.
  2. lack of coordination or speech, confused, unusual behaviour
    - impaired judgement.
    - decrease in LOR
    - eventual unresponsiveness.
29
Q

what is severe hypothermia?

  1. what are s/s of severe hypothermia?
A
  • the boys core tempeture has dropped significantly.
  • shallow or absent respiration rate
  1. cessation of shivering (stopped shivering bc they are frozen)
  2. unresponsive
  3. stiffness in body tissue
30
Q

who gets RTD for hypothermia?

A
  • everyone gets RTD for hypothermia. the only one who may not is mild, depending on if their is improvement in their vitals.
31
Q

what is bradycardia and bradypnea?

A

BC= slow respiration
BP= slow pulse rate

32
Q

what is drowning?

A
  • it is a form of suffocation that is caused by the immersion of water or another liquid.
  • person will begin to gasp for air either while trying to stay afloat or while under water.
  • water is inhaled and goes into the lungs. The vocal cords close.
33
Q

how do you assist someone who is drowning?

A
  • talk to them, encourage them to keep swimming to you.
  • throw something for them to grab and pull them in.
  • reach out to the patient with a rigid object.

AET 261 flashcard (6 decks)

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