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AET 261 flashcard > Ch 1 Chronic And Acute Illness > Flashcards

Ch 1 Chronic And Acute Illness Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general s/s of sudden illness?

A
  • change in LOR
  • Vertigo (sense of spinning when not moving)
  • generalize weakness
  • nausea and/ or vomitting
  • looks and/ or feels ill without trauma
  • Changes in respiration, pulse, skin characteristics
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2
Q

What is syncope?

A

The brain is suddenly deprived of its normal blood flow and momentarily shuts down.

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3
Q

What are causes of syncope?

A

Pain
Emotional shock
Decrease BP
Pinched blood vessel in the neck
Decreased blood flow to the brain
Decreased in blood sugar
Certain medications
Prolonged standing
Heat exposure
OverexertionMedical condition

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4
Q

S/s of syncope

A

Lightheaded or dizzy
Appears Ill / feels Ill
Numbness and tingling in the fingers and or toes
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Altered LOR
Increase respiration and oulse

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5
Q

How would you treat syncope

A

Place in supine
Secure airway
Gain information from bystanders
Often resolves its self quickly

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6
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

What is the function of insulin?

A
  • The body either fails to produce insulin or does not use it effectively.
  • transport glucose from the blood to cells
  • forces the liver and muscles to store sugar
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7
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes, and how do they work?

A
  1. Insulin dependent
    - body does not produce enough insulin
    - Generally born with it.
  2. Insulin dependent or non- insulin dependent
    - does not produce insulin properly.
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8
Q

Hypoglycemia is?
Hyperglycaemia is?

A

Low blood sugar level
High blood sugar lever

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9
Q

What is MOI for hypoglycemia?

A

Too much insulin
Failing to eat right
Over exercising
Emotional stress

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10
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

Their is not enough insulin in the body
Prevents glucose from transferring into the body cells.

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11
Q

What are sis for diabetes?

A

Change in LOR
Dizziness, confusion, drowsiness
Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
Tachycardia (rapid pulse)
Feeling & looking ill

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12
Q

What is a general overview of seizure?

What can cause seizures?

A

Abnormal electrical brain activity
Temporary change in movement, function, and behavior

Injury
Disease
Fever
Infection
Metabolic disturbances
Decrease in o2 levels

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13
Q

What are the 5 types of seizures?

A

Generalized (grand mal)
Partial
Absence (petit mal)
Febrile
Status epilepticus

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14
Q

What are s/s of generalized seizures?

A

Loss of responsiveness
Convulsion
Irregular breathing of respiratory arrest
Drooling
Eyes roll backwards
Lass of bladder and bowel control

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15
Q

What is a generalized seizure?

A

Involves both hemisphere of the brain.
Normally results in loss of responsiveness
Lasts about 1-3 minutes

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16
Q

What are the 4 phases of generalized seizures?

A

Aura
- person knows a seizure is coming very soon.
Tonic
- unconscious then muscle rigidity
Clonic
- uncontrollable muscle contractions (convulsions)
Postictal
- recovery period, confusion, exhaustion, unpredictable

17
Q

Overview of partial seizures?

A
  • Simple or complex
  • involves small area of one side of the hemisphere of the brain.
  • most common for people with epilepsy.
  • can became a generalized beizude.
18
Q

What are simple and complex seizures

A

Simple
- person normally remains aware and remembers everything
- involuntary muscle contractions one of the body.
- may not be able to speak or move

Complex
- lost or impair awareness while person is conscious
- blank stave fallowed by random movements.
- confused after and don’t remember anything.

19
Q

what is an Absence seizure (petit Mal)?

A
  • The person can be day dreaming.
  • Thought as a non-convulsive seizure.
  • normally last a few seconds.
  • most common in children.
20
Q

what are s/s of a absence seizure?

A
  • brief, sudden loss of awareness or conscious activity.
  • blank stare
  • minor myoclonic jerks. (eye fluttering or chewing movements.)
21
Q

what are febrile seizures?

A
  • seizures that happen in someone who is typically less than 5 or infants.
  • brought on by a rapid increase in body temperature.
  • often causes ear, throat or digestive-system infections.
22
Q

list the s/s of a febrile seizure?

A
  • sudden increase in body temp
  • LOR change
  • loss of bladder control or bowel control
  • confusion, drowsiness, hold breath.
23
Q

what are status epileptics seizures?

A
  • is a seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes.
  • a series of seizures that last longer than 5 minutes in which the person does not regain normal responsiveness.
24
Q

how do you treat/care for someone that is having a seizure?

A
  1. protect yourself.
    - no fingers in mouth let the person regain full normal consciousness.
  2. protect the patient.
    - make sure their is nothing close to them in which they can hurt themselves with (hitting their head on concrete.)
    - protect the persons privacy from by standers.
  3. protect the airway.
    - try and get the person into recovery position before anything happens, UNLESS SMR is indicated then do not touch the patient when they start having a seizure.
25
Q

when someone is having a seizure, when do you call 911?

A
  • status epilepticus
  • appears to be injured
  • unknown cause
  • pregnant
  • known diabetic
  • infants or child having a febrile seizure.
  • fails to regain consciousness
  • occurs in water
  • first seizure.
  • if someones seizure pattern changes who has epilepsy and they told you what their normal pattern is.
26
Q

when do you NOT call 911 when someone is having a seizure?

A

when the person has epilepsy and they are able to tell you before had what their pattern is, also how they are managing the seizures (medication)

27
Q
A
28
Q
  1. what is appendicitis?
  2. what are the causes of appendicitis?
A
  1. acute inflammation of the appendix
  2. viral or bacteria infection of the digestive tract.
    - blocked channel in the appendix
29
Q

s/s of appendicitis?

A
  • abdominal pain of RLQ
  • nausea or vomitting
  • constipation or diarrhea
  • low fever
  • abdominal swelling (call 911)
  • pain increase in abdominal area such as breathing, sneezing, coughing.
30
Q

how do you treat someone with appendicitis?

A
  • comfortable position
  • treat for shock (O2)
  • RTD (person has to go to the hospital regardless)
31
Q
  1. what are bowel obstructions? and 2. how may they occur?
A
  1. when the intestinal tract becomes blocked and normal flow of intestine contents are prevented from moving.
  2. adhesions
    - herias
    - fecal blockage
    - tumours
32
Q

s/s of bowel obstructions?

A
  • abdominal pain
  • constipation
  • abdominal distension (swelling) (call 911)
33
Q

what are gastrointestinal bleeds?

A
  • they are bleeds that occur within the gastrointestinal tract. (esophagus, stomach, duodenum)
  • if the bleed is high up the person will vomit dark red blood.
  • if the bleed is high but lower than the first the bleed will be a red/black color.
  • if the bleed in low then the color will be bright red.
34
Q

what are possible causes for gastrointestinal bleeds?

A
  • peptic ulcers
  • gastritis
  • stomach cancer
  • ingestion of poison.
35
Q

what are the main 2 s/s of gastrointestinal bleeds?
1. what are the other possible s/s?

A
  • vomitting of blood
  • bloody or black/tarry
  • bowel movements.
    1. fatigue
  • weakness
  • abdominal pain
  • pale skin
    -shortness of breath.
36
Q

what is an peptic ulcer?

A
  • small erosion of the GI tract.
  • part of the stomach starts eating itself away.
37
Q

what are causes of peptic ulcers?

A
  • gastric destruction
  • hydrochloric acid
  • helicobecter pylori
  • prescribed medications
  • smoking

AET 261 flashcard (4 decks)

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