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ABS > THORACIC > Flashcards

THORACIC Flashcards

1
Q

Dx of chylothorax

A

Fluid triglyceride >110 mg /dL
If triglyceride level does not meet diagnostic criteria the presence of chlomicrons in pleural fluid would also make the dx
Also seen: predominance of lympocytes >70%

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2
Q

Where should incision be made for subxiphoid pericardial window

A

verticlal incision 5-8 cm long made over xiphoid toward abdomen and linea alba is incised

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3
Q

Incision for thoracotomy approach in establishing pericardial woindow is through?

A

inframammary skin. Rhis allows division of pectoralis muscle to expose pleural space and pericardium through intercostal space

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4
Q

MC tumor of anterior mediastinum

A

thymoma

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5
Q

MC tumor o fanterior mediastinal tumor in children

A

teratoma

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6
Q

MC posterior mediastinal tumor

A

Neurogenic tumor

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7
Q

What else do you need to check in a male who presents with a mediastinal mass

A

Scrotum (germ cell tumor)

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8
Q

MCC mediastinal adenopathy

A

Lymphoma

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9
Q

MC overall mediastinal tumor in adults and children

A

Neurogenic (posterior mediastinum)

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10
Q

MC malignant chest wall tumor

A

Chondrosarcoma

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11
Q

BiBx shows disorganized hypercellular cartilage and increased nuclear detail

A

Chondrosarcoma

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12
Q

Tx of chondosarcoma

A

Wide local excision

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13
Q

Standard tx for localized PAncoast tumor

A

Concurrent chemoXRT followed by resection

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14
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome assoc with squamous cell lung CA

A

parathyroid hormone related paraneoplastic syndromes

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15
Q

NEedle decompression site for kids <15 years old

A

2nd intercosta lspace, midclavicular line

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16
Q

Needle decompression site for adutls

A

4th-5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line

17
Q

MC long term sequelae seen in repair of TEF

A

reflux (30-60%)

18
Q

Hypercalcemia is seen in which lung CA

A

SCC

19
Q

Trousseau syndrome (migratorry thrombophlebitis) ius a/w which lung CA

A

adenoCA

20
Q

T2 lung CA

A

Tumor 3-5 cm or tumor wich involvement of main bronchus, invading visceral pleura, a/w atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis

21
Q

N2 disease in lung CA

A

positive ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node

22
Q

Which level nodes are localized superior to innominate artery

A

2

23
Q

Which level nodes are localized inferior to innominate artery

A

4

24
Q

Which nodal level are lateral to ligamentum arteriosum

A

level 5. these are subaoritc LN (Aortopulmonary window)

25
Q

Accessible nodal station in EBUS

A

2,3, 4, 7, 10, 11 and even 12 sometimes

26
Q

functional residual capacity is defined as

A

total lung capacity minus inspiratory capcacity

27
Q

inspiratory capacity is defined as

A

inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

28
Q

vital capacity is defined as

A

total lung capacity minus residual volume (total amount of air you can move!)

29
Q

exudative effusions - lights criteria

A

pleural:serum fluid protein >0.5
pleural:serum fluid LDH >0.6
pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 upper limit of normal

30
Q

pleural effusion must be larger than what to be detectable on CXR

A

300 mL

31
Q

adverse effect of bleomycin

A

commonly used to treat lymphoma and germ cell tumor
PNA and eosinophilic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
life threatening interstitial fibrosis

32
Q

MC fungi causing mucor

A

rhizopus, mucor, and rhizomucor

33
Q

describe mucor fungi microscopically

A

broad irregularly branching WITHOUT regular septations

34
Q

Describe aspergillus microscopically

A

narrower, regular branching, many septations

35
Q

Mgmt of mucormycosis

A

aggressive surgical debridement of involved tissue, IV liposomal amphotericin B followed by posaconazole or isavuconazole

36
Q

Anterior mediastinum boundaries

A

sternum (anterior) and great vessels and pericardium posterior

37
Q

Boundaries of middle mediastinum

A

pericardium anterior and anterior surface of thoracic spine posterior

ABS (23 decks)

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