Third year PMPVH Flashcards
Risk =
Probability of occurrence of undesired event and consequences
Risk analysis
Assessing probably of occurence (prevelence in a population) and consequences (disease severity, duration, cost)
Which regulation states that vets are responsible for their employees safety?n
Control of subtances hazardous to health (CoSHH) Reg 2002.
Differentiate between carrier and colonised host
Carrier: pathogens isolated from animal/human without causing clinical signs of the disease in the host
Colonised host: Also no clinical signs on host but implies that microbes multiply on host. Requires longitudinal sampling to prove.
TB in dogs
TB in DOGS AND CATS is notifiable to the Local animal health divisional office.
Step 1 in outbreak investigation?
Confirm existence of outbreak! Are there really ‘more cases than expected’ !!
esp farmers reporting abortions
How to differentiate a point source from a continuous common source?
Point source: 1 incubation period
Continuous common source: >1 incubation period
Food-bourne outbreaks (e.g. norovirus)
Norovirus typically associated with Raw shellfish consumption.
Food bourne outbreaks tend to be point sources
Basic reproduction number, R0 =
Average number of new cases caused by one infected individual IN AN ENTIRELY SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATION
3 factors that influence the basic reproduction number, R0
1) Contact rate, infectiousness, susceptibility
If the R0 is < __ the outbreak is said to be confined
For an outbreak to be contained R0 < 1
How does movement restrictions help outbreak
R0 is influenced by contact rate, infectiousness, susceptibility.
Movement restrictions help reduce contact rate.
How is the PTA (Predicted transmitting ability) related to the EBV (Estimated Breeding Value)
PTA = 1/2 EBV
Which factors are included in the PLI
Profitable lifetime index.
Lifespan, SCC, Locomotion, Milk fat, protein.
Risk management includes…(3 things)
Risk management is based on risk assessment. (Unidentified risks cannot be managed)
Risk management includes: 1) Identifying the most cost-effective management option
2) Implementation
3) Monitoring and follow up.
RISK COMMUNICATION IS CRITICAL FOR EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT
Define risk management
Interrupting, preventing or eliminating transmission pathways identified in the assessment.
RISK COMMUNICATION IS CRITICAL FOR EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT
Define Hazard:
An agent, substance OR action that has the potential to cause an undesired event
e.g. ecoli, pesticides, not washing hands
Who is responsible for the safety of cow feed?
If bought in; feed manufacturers are responsible for the safety of feed sold to farmers as ‘ready to be given to animals’
Farmers sourcing ingredients to produce their own feed-= responsible that it is safe.
What species are there statutory salmonella surveillence?
Only breeding poultry farms.
Voluntary in laying (vaccination) and broiler flocks.
No statutory salmonella control program in UK pig sector but approx 90% signed up to testing
Routes for human infection with Ecoli 0157
-Consumption of contaiminated food or water
Direct contact with animals or their faeces
Person to person spread
Main reservoir in UK in cattle but other ruminants can be affected; NORMALLY ASYMPTOMATIC IN CATTLE.
From what age are the brain and spinal cord classed as a SPECIFIED RISK MATERAL and what colour stain?
From >12 months in cows and sheep spinal cord and brain are SRM.
They are cat 1 condemn and need to be stained BLUE 0.5%
Spleen is a SRM in what species?
Sheep 12 months
aka ALL SHEEP!!
The vertebral coloum is an SRM in what age?
Cattle >30 months
NB; Spinal cord is SRM in sheep and cows >12 months
When are the tonsils a SRM?
All cattle and sheep EXCEPT sheep <12 months
