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VetMed Year 4- Term 2 > Dermatology 2 inc Ear Surgery > Flashcards

Dermatology 2 inc Ear Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

When are anti-histamines used in pruitic skin disease?

A

Before mast cell degranulation. i.e. good for seasonal allergies. None licence.

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2
Q

Time of onset for a) prednisalone b) ciclosporin c) Essential fatty acids

A

a) pred good for short time control (day)
b) Ciclosporin = Cacineurin inhibitor = TAKES 4 WEEKS
c) Essential fatty acids = TAKES WEEKS

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3
Q

Ciclosporin

A

Cacineurin-inhibitor.
More targetted T cell suppression than glucocorticoids
4 weeks to work..
Transient voming and diarhooea, hirsuitism, gingival hyperplasia

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4
Q

ASIT how does it work. How long does it take?

A

Immunodoulation. Allergen-specific immunotherapy. Injections of allergen extract subcut at increases quantities to patients with atopic dermatitis. Decrease inflamm cells.
Full effect may take 9 months

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5
Q

Problem associated with intradermal test

A

Need to be off steroids for good test results. Can be difficult if severely pruitic.
Serology less affected.

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6
Q

Cons of ASIT

A

Antigen specific immunodulation therapy.

Anaphylaxis therefore first few injections keep in practice.

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7
Q

Depigmentation of nasal planum and exfolaitive erythroderma on dogs nose could be….

A

Epitheloptrophic lymphoma. REMEMBER MORE SERIOUS Ddx when treating skin disease

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8
Q

in dogs 90% of superficial pyoderma is caused by

A

Staphlococcus pseudointermedius.

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9
Q

Antirobe is…

It is not recommended

A

Clindamycin. Narrow spec.

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR RECURRENT CASES.

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10
Q

Treatment for Superficial pyoderma

A 
Use of topical antibacterial shampoos e.g.. Clorhexidine ALONE
Or Clindamycin (Antirobe), Cefalexin, Co-Amoxiclav (Synulox)
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11
Q

Treatment PLAN for deep pyoderma

A 
Only 60-90% S.pseudointermedius. 
Based on culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. While waiting for lab results cytology
If rods = Flouroquinolone
Cocci= Cefalexin
2 weeks beyond clinical cure
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12
Q

What dermatological changes would you expect to see in a cow that has ingested St John’s Wart?

A

PRIMARY PHOTOSENSITISATION

Can be secondary photosensitisation due to liver disease

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13
Q

Most common cattle louse?

A

Linognathus vituli.

Bovicola bovis

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14
Q

Clinical signs of louse infection in cows

A

Pruitis, particularly B bovis.
Hair loss due to rubbing.
Neck back shoulders, flank tail base.

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15
Q

What time of year are lice a problem in cattle

A

Cool months, peak in early spring (more common in housed cattle)
Decline with coat shedding/ solar radiation and higher temperature.

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16
Q

When is the best time to treat louse infection of cows?

A

Autumn (no lice visible because numbers are so low).

treatment not always justified.

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17
Q

Treatment of Lice in cattle

A

Autumn. ML’s are very effective (kill all suckling lice and reduce B bovis numbers – pour on)

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18
Q

Cattle Sarcoptic mange- where?

A

Causes head and tail mange. Mostly in housed cattle. Any age. Transmission by direct contact. Mites survive a few days on fomites.

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19
Q

Treatment of Sarcoptic mange in cattle

A

Macrocytic Lactones.

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20
Q

Psorptic mange in cattle treatment

A

Permethrin pour on or Macrocytic Lactones.

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21
Q

Pathogenesis of Psorptic mange in cattle

A

Starts on shoulders and rump. Papules/Crusting. Quickly affects whole body. Secondary bacterial infections likely.

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22
Q

Difference in area affected between Psorptic mange and Sarcoptic mange and Chorioptic mange.

A

Sarcoptic: Head/ Tail
Psorptic: Shoulder/Rump
Choroptic=leg mange: Tail mange/ hind limbs

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23
Q

Which type of mange causes ‘leg mange’ and udder, perineum and tail?

A

Chorioptic mange

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24
Q

Sheep lice

A

Bovicola ovis. Biting louse

Linognathus ovillus - sucking louse

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25
Q

Sheep body louse=

A

Biting louse. Bovicola ovis. Rubbing/ biting wool. More important in Merino/Merino type wool. Increased incidence since dipping stoped.

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26
Q

Sheep scab =

A

Psorptic mange.

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27
Q

Sheep scab clinical signs when is common time?

A

Pustules, then spreading moist lesions. Extreme pruitis. Fleece becomes matted.
Winter is more favourable to mites than summer. Infections can be latent over winter.

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28
Q

Treatment of sheep scab

A

Plunge dipping (>1 minute) in OP solution. Macrocytic lactones by injection.
POUR ON TREATMENTS NOT EFFECTIVE.
Spray races not effective

29
Q

Which country is sheep scab notifiable?

A

Scotland. Should not be sent to Abattoir or market.

= Psorptic mange

30
Q

In ear surgery why is the Antihelix and important structure

A

Inside antihelix contains ceremium glands. Total ear ablation = all below antihelix.

31
Q

Aural haematoma is caused by a collection of blood within cartiladge plate of ear caused by damage to

A

Great auricular artery

32
Q

Haematoma –> _____–>______–>Contraction deformity

A

Aural haematoma.

Haematoma–> Seroma–> Fibrosis —> Contraction deformity

33
Q

Conservative management of Aural haematoma

A
  1. Needle aspiration + corticosteroid injc but delays healing
  2. Pressure bandage - difficult to apply well
  3. Continous drainage through a cannula
34
Q

Surgical management of aural haematoma

A
  1. Incise concave surface of pinna (s shaped)
  2. evacuate haematoma, hold cartilage in apposition with sutures
  3. Do not suture incision
  4. Light bandage for 14 days
35
Q

Indications for Pinnectomy

A
  1. Solar injury (pre malignant change for SCC)
  2. Cold injury
  3. Trauma/Vasculitis
  4. Ferrel cat permenant marking
36
Q

When doing a Pinnectomy for neoplasia need __cm margins

A

Removal of ear. Always remove to base as need at least 1 cm margins for neoplasia

37
Q

Normal stages of hair growth

A

ACT.
Anagen: Growth: Inferior present of anagen bulb present
Catagen: Cessation
Telogen: Rest

38
Q

Calcinosis cutis is indicitive of____

Which area does it normally involve?

A

Intensely pruitic papular dermatitis typically affecting dogs with Cushings.
DORSAL NECK and trunk.
Papules are hard on palpation and have a white central area.

39
Q

How does the alopecia of Cushings and Hypothyroidism differ?

A

Cushings: Typical endocrine alopecia that affects trunk and spares the head and distal extremities.
HYPOTHYROIDISM: Normally alopecia occurs in areas of wear such as tail, elbows, lateral thighs and the bridge of the nose.

40
Q

Clinical signs of Vit A responsive dermatosis

A

Scaling (accumulation of corenocyte fragments) from stratum corneum. affecting ventral/lateral chest/abdomen
Secondary bacterial infections are common sequalae.
Breeds: American Cocker Spaniel 2/3 year olds

41
Q

Congenital causes of crusting

A

Colour Dilution Alopecia, Primary seborrhea, sebacious adenitis.
Can also be aquired: Inflamm, endocrinopathies, nutritional, environmental

42
Q

Diagnosis of Primary Seborrhea

A

Diagnosis by exclusion but is due to a hyperproliferative epidermis (decrease in epidermal turnover time)

43
Q

Hypopigmentation without inflammation of muzzle, lips and nose pad is highly suggestive of_)______

A

Vitiligo

44
Q

Clinical signs of Juveinille cellulitis

A

<5 MONTHS.
Scrapings to rule out Demodex.
Mucocutaneous location of lesions.
Would expect PE to include enlarged peripheral LN.
Can be depressed and febrile.
Retrievers/Dachunds seems to be over represented.

45
Q

Pemphigus foliaceys

A

Depigmentation of nasal planum.

Ddx: epitheliiotrophic lymphoma or superficial necrolytic dermatitis.

46
Q

Presentation of Discoid lupus erythematosus

A

aka Cutaneous lupus.

Condition is confined to the nose pad and is characterised by inflammation. Loss of cobblestone appearance.

47
Q

Excessive accumulation of keratin adherent to hair shaft are indicitive of

A

aka follicular casts

Frequently associated with Demodecosis and Sebacious adenitis

48
Q

How can hair plucks help rule out an endocrinolopathy as a cause for alopecia

A

If hair pluck and large number of anagen bulbs are present then endocrinopathy is unlikely.

49
Q

Easinophilic plaques on coat brushing

A

Fleas

50
Q

Scrotum of ram crusting, likely pathogen

A

Chorioptic mange.

Can lead to infertility due to increase blood flow.

51
Q

Most common cause of infectious teat disease in UK

A

Pseudocowpox.
Oedema–>Vesicles–>Pustules–> Scab
Resolves in 4-6 weeks.

52
Q

Why can cows become reinfected with Pseudocowpox

A

Most common infectious teat disease in UK.
Resolves in 4-6 weeks.
Short lived immunity therefore can be reinfected

53
Q

Congenital Pustular Dermatitis presentation

A

AKA ORF! Zoonotic.

Vesicles around lips from 2 weeks of AGE. Congeintally infected hence name.

54
Q

Strawbery footrot aetiology

A

Mixed infection of Congenital Pustular Dermatitis (CPD) and Orf.
Dry crusts which when removed reveal haemorrhagic granulating lesions

55
Q

Difference between erosion and ulcer

A

Erosion: break in continuity of epidermis, intact basement membrane e.g. drug eruption.
Ulcer: break in continuity of epidermis AND Basement membrane

56
Q

Difference between hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia

A

Hyperkeratosis: increase in stratum corneum
Hypoerplasia: increase in stratum spinosum

57
Q

fleece rot in sheep

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Predisposes to fly strike and downgrades wool..
Fleece changes colour due to bacteria!

58
Q

type of Cheyletiella in cats

A
  1. Cheyletiella blakei in cats (BC)

2. Cheyletiella yasguria in dogs

59
Q

Different types of lice

A

Anopleura (sucking)

Mallophaga *biting)

60
Q

Anopleura =

How to identify

A

Sucking lice, narrow head, powerful legs.
Mat cause anaemia.
Linognathus
Haematopinus

61
Q

Mallophaga

How to identify

A

Biting lice = broad head
= prutis
Damalinia
Trichodectes

62
Q

How does type of Peducolosis differ between cats and dogs?

A

Cats: only biting (mallphaga)
Dogs: biting and sucking lice (mallophaga and anopleura)

63
Q

Treatment of lice in dogs/cats

A

Advantage aka Imidacloprid or fipronil or selamectin.

64
Q

Trichodectes canis is a

A

biting (Mallophaga)

65
Q

Pathogenesis of Warble fly (inc name of fly)

A

Hypoderma. Warbles. NOTFIABLE.
Laid on belly and legs and migrate to winter resting site (oesophagous, epidural fat).
Resume migration to subcut along midline of back.
Treatment should be avoided during winter (WRS) as will lead to bloat or paraplegia.

66
Q

Why is treatment for warble fly only summer?

A

Winter resting site of Hypoderma.

Will lead to bloat (oesophagous) or paraplegia (epidural fat)

67
Q

Contact dermatitis is a type ___ hypersensitivity

A

type IV

flea allergy can be type i (anaphalactic, ig e mediated) or type iv

68
Q

Most common cutaenous neoplasm in cats

A

Fibrosarcoma. Malignant neoplasm.
Age of onset is 12 years
Generally subcutaenous, firm, poorly circumscribed.
Can be relatively large

VetMed Year 4- Term 2 (14 decks)

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