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VetMed Year 4- Term 2 > Dermatolog > Flashcards

Dermatolog Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of neotrombicula autmalis

A

Harvest mites can be asymptomatic to severely pruritic,

If asymptomatic don’t treat but NO LICENCED treatment. Fipronil off licence

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2
Q

Harvest mite hypersensitive horse.. Which location?

A

Horse eating grass therefore facial pruitis when hypersensitive to harvest mites

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3
Q

Cheyletiellosis clinical signs

A 
Scaling 'walking dandruff'
Pruitis
Primarily dorsal trunk
In Dogs/Cats/Rabbits
ZOONOSIS
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4
Q

Treatment of Cheyletiellosis

A

Non licenced by selecmectin for 4 weeks!!

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5
Q

Which dog is especially predisposed to demodicosis

A

Probably inherited predisposition- should not breed from them
STAFFORDSHIRE BULL TERRIER v. predisposed,

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6
Q

Treatment of Demidocosis

A

Expect minimum of 12 weeks of treatment. Repeat plucks reg. 2 negative scapes two weeks apart.
Avoid steroids as it supresses immune system.
Ivermectin- not collies
-Avermectin (doramectin/ milbemycin)
OR TOPICAL Amitraz shampoo

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7
Q

Which skin disorders are steroids contraindicated?

A

Deep pyoderma,

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8
Q

Which species get sarcoptic mange?

A

Intensely pruitis caused by sarcoptese ‘scabes’
Common in dogs
Rare in cats
Very rare in horses (notifable)

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9
Q

What type of mite is Sarcoptes?

A

Burrowing mite hence intense pruitis.

Primary lesion is crusted papules.

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10
Q

Flea bite hypersensitivity

A

Caused by flea saliva (contains anticoagulant)

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11
Q

Define hypersensitivity

A

Objectively reproducible signs

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12
Q

What is Anioedema

A

Marked localised subcutaneous oedema

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13
Q

How to differentiate urticarial from another swelling?

A

Oedema - thumb mark will leave a pit.

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14
Q

Which species are especially predisposed to Urticaria/Angioedema

A

Horses

Acute, recurrent, chronic, seasonal or non-seasonal, may progress to crusting/sloughing.

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15
Q

Effectiveness of food serology

A

Food serology is rubbish and not useful.,

Only way to test for food allergy is to remove from diet.

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16
Q

Atopic dermatitis presentation

A

Typically 6months to 3 years. No sex predis.

Pruitis, rashes, ear infections

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17
Q

Skin lesions for atopic dermatitis

A

No primary lesions.

Erythema or Erythematous maculopapular rash.

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18
Q

Define urticaria

A

Multiple wheals (hives)- circumscribed rasied lesions caused by dermal oedema

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19
Q

How to differentiate oedema from inflamm

A

Oedema = thumb prints leave a pitt

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20
Q

Define angioedema

A

Angioedema is marked localised subcutaneous oedema.

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21
Q

4 Arachnids that cause skin disease

A

Demodecosis, sarcoptic mange, cheyletelssis, tromiculiasis

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22
Q

When are cases of Trombiculiasis generally seen. Laymans term =
Typical presentation

A

Harvest mite. Strictly seasonal. July to Sept/Oct.

Asymptomatic to severely pruitic.

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23
Q

Treatment of Trombiculiasis?

A

No licenced treatment: Fipronil

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24
Q

Cheyletiellosis is seen is which species

A

Cats, dogs, rabbits.

Walking dandruff. Pruitis mild to severe. Primarily dorsal trunk. ZOONOSIS

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25
Treatment of Cheyletiellosis
``` Therapy often difficult > 6 weeks. No licenced treatment. Amitraz: dog Fipronil Selamextin Moxidectin Ivermectin ```
26
What is Demodecosis
An inflamm parasitic skin disease characterised by the presence of larger than normal numbers od demodectin mites. Common in dog. V. rare in horse. Cigar shaped small numbers ARE NORMAL
27
Onset of Demodecosis
``` Juvenile onset, localised= recover spontaneously Juvenile onset, generalised = inherited predisposition Adult onset (norm >2 yrs) suspect underlying immunosup (drugs, endocrinopathy, neoplasia) ```
28
Treatment of Demosecosis
Min 12 weeks treatment. Monitor by repeat plucks. Avoid steroids Small numbers of Demodex mites are normal!!
29
Difference between intersitital and interface patterns of dermatitis
Interstitial: Interstitial dermatitis is the spreading out of inflamm cells from original perivascular pattern. Interface: Dermo-epidermal junction is obscured by accumulation of inflamm cells.
30
Interface dermatitis often reflects
Autoimmune disease targetting epidermis or drug reaction
31
Example of a surface mite and a burrowing mute
Surface mite: Cheylietella - walking dandruff (cat, dog, rabbit) Burrowing mite: Sarcoptes
32
Age of onset of Flea bite hypersensitivity
3-5 years old.
33
Which species are most commonly affected by urticaria and angioedema?
Horses are esp predisposed.
34
Atopic dermatitis age of onset
6mnts to 3 years.
35
Two pathogens associated with (skin) ear infections
Staphlococcus pseudointermedius and Malassezia.
36
How is atopic dermatitis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is by ruling out other pruitic Dx e.g. ectoparasitic diease, skin infections. Also investigate hypersensitivity to food.
37
Difference between Scale and Crusting
Scale: Accum of loose cornified fragments of statum corneum Crust: PResence of a dried exudate
38
Comfortis contains what active ingredient that cannot be given concurrently with ____
Comfortis is Spinosad that CANNOY be given concurrently with Ivermectin. Rapid kill at 4 hrs.
39
Activyl
Indoxacarb. Sodium channel blocker. Spot-on q 4 weeks. | >90% activity within 8 hrs.
40
Trifelix is
Spinosad + Milbemycin (roundworm/heartworm)
41
Mechanism by which comfortis works
Comfortis = spinosad. Targets nACH receptor. Tetracyclic macrolide.
42
Mechanism by which Indoxacarb works
Indoxacarb; sodium channel blocker. . | Adulticide
43
What is the insect growth regulator that inhibits chitin synthesis
Lufenuron= program injection. Insect development inhibitors
44
2 insect growth regulators
Juvenile hormones analogues; methoprene and pyriproxyfen OR lufenuron (insect devel inhibitor)
45
Capstar active ingred
Nitenpyram:Mdog and cat. Nopersistance | V. quick kill.
46
Active ingred in Advantage
Imidacloprid. DOG CAT AND RABBIT. efficacy reduced by wetting. Only fleas
47
Fipronil is active against
WFleas and ticks.
48
Why is advantage plus dog only
Advantage is imidacloprid = fleas only. | Advantage plus / Anvantixis imidacloprid + permethrin = toxic to cats
49
Blue Dobermans are particularly predisposed to what dermapathology?
Colour dilution alopecia
50
Basset hounds are particularly predisposed to what dermapathology?
Mallassezia
51
An epidermal collerette is an example of a primary or secondary lesion
Secondary lesion (remnants / conjoining of a papule)
52
A black head is aka
a COMEDO
53
What are follicular casts
Accumulation of keratin that adheres to hair shaft
54
What is a macule
A circumscribed flat area of change in colour of the skin less than 1 cm in diameter.
55
Difference between Papule and Plaque
Papule: Small, solid elevation of the skin less than 1 cm in diameter Plaque: Larger, flatter elevation of the skin, sometimes caused by coaleasing papules
56
Difference between a papule and a pustule
Papule: Small solid elevation less than 1 cm Pustule: Small ciccumscribed elevation containing pus (norm Staph pyoderma)
57
What is Spaniel Seborrhoea
Seborrhea is the flow of sebum 'greasy exudation' | It is a primary defect in cocker spaniels (ceruminous otitis externa) Treatment. Shampoo or Vit A
58
Clinical signs of Sebaceous adenitis. | What other much more common disease produces similar signs?
Follicular casting/ Casting. | Demidocosis products similar signs
59
Aeitology of Sebaceous adenitis
Various breeds (st Poodle, akita) Sebaceous glands destroyed (localised/generalised scaling) Varying alopecia. Treatment: Shampoo, vit A (cyclosporin works well off-licence)
60
Breed predisposition for Sebacious ad
Poodles, Akitas and Samoyoyds
61
Treatment for Scabies.
Amitraz weekly for 6 weeks. Prednisalone for 10 days. Cephalexin if secondary bacteria. Aim for resolution in 6 weeks.
62
In what species is Ivermectin contraindicated?
Ivermectin causes a fatal idiosyncratic reaction in Collies.
63
Clinical signs of Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (aka Diabetic dermatosis)
Erosive, crushing ulcerative diease that commonly affects the footpads, extremities and periorificial skin of middle-aged and old dogs.
64
Pathogenesis of Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (aka Dibaetic dermatosis)
Seen with hepatic disease/Pancreatic glucogonoma. Pathogenesis is unclear- Hypoaminoacidaemia?
65
What bacteria are involved in Pyoderma?
Staph. pseudointermedius.
66
Diagnosis of Pyoderma
Look for underlying cause as pyoderma is always secondary. | Clinical signs: Papules, Pustules, Epidermal collarettes
67
Infection in body folds is known as
Intertrigo
68
What is the difference between Intertrigo and Impetigo
Intertrigo: Infection in body folds Impetigo: Very common highly infectious cause of superficial pyoderma in puppies.
69
Deep pyoderma is known as
Furunculosis. | Also deep pyoderma =- Bacterial granuloma
70
Hot spots are known as
Pyotraumatic dermatitis. No satelitte lesions
71
What do sateliite lesions tell you about the skin disease?
Satelitte lesions = suspect furnculosis as haemtageous spread. With hot spot aka Pyotraumatic dermatitis no satelitte lesions
72
Treatment of Impetigo
Pustules in interfollicular epidermis. Young dogs affected, Ventral abdomen. Often responds to TOPICAL THERAPY ALONE.
73
Progression of normal skin lesion for superficial pyoderma
Macule -> Papule --> Pustule --> Epidermal collarette
74
Duration of treatment for Superficial pyoderma and Depp Pyoderma?
Superficial pyoderma - 3 weeks or 1 week beyound complete cure. Deep pyoderma: 4-6 weeks or 2 weeks beyond complete cure
75
Dermatophilosis affects primarily which species
D. conglososis. Branching filamentous actinomycete. Affects mainly ruminants and horses (but also humans) Mud dever in horses Can occur secondary to tick infestation.
76
The dermal papilla is largest during which stage of hair growth?
Anagen (growth). Smallest in Telogen (rest)
77
Which stage of the hair growth cycle is cessation of hair growth
Catagen.
78
What stage of the hair growth cycle are hairs shed
Telogen (resting phase)
79
Symmetrical alopecia in the cat is most likely...
Self inflicted therefore unless proven otherwise work up as SELF TRAUMA = PRUITIS
80
Dermatological signs associated with Cushings
Alopecia, thin skin. | Hyperadenocorticism,
81
How to test for Dermatophytosis
Woods lamp (green on hairs not skin) Culture Direct microscopy
82
Treatment of Dermatophytosis in cats (inc cascade)
Intraconzole (oral) - (Intrafungal)
83
Which topical medicine (for the treatment of ringworm) good for dogs/horses kills CATS?
Imaverol
84
Treatment of Malazyeszia
Topical as only superficial. Malaseb every 3 days for 3 weeks.
85
Which yeast buds on a narrow base?
Budding on a narrow base
86
Malassezia bud on a
Malassazia pachidermatis bud on a wide base. Basset hounds are espc. predisposed.
87
Mucormycosis causes what in farm animal
Gastritis and Rumeinits in calves

VetMed Year 4- Term 2 (14 decks)

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