Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VetMed Year 4- Term 2 > Lymphoreticular inc spleen > Flashcards

Lymphoreticular inc spleen Flashcards

1
Q

Thymic lymphoma in cats is associated with infection with

A

Thymic lymphoma in cats is associated with FeLV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical signs of Thymic lymphoma in cats. Why is it not normally diagnosed till late stage disease?

A

Anorexia, Weight loss and Dyspnoea. Often diagnosed late as cats sleep lots therefore dyspnoea not apparent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to diagnose Thymic lymphoma in cats

A

Radiograph check for caudal displacement of lungs and mass in anterior mesastinum. Pleural fluid from thoracocentesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do tumours of the thymus differ in dogs (compared to cats)

A

Dogs: Thymoma (neoplasm of thymic epithelial cells)
Cats: Thymic lymphoma.
Clinical signs similar but dogs have dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Breed predisposition for Thymoma in dogs

A

Thymoma= neoplasia of thymic epithelial cells.

GSDs and Labradors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prognosis of Thymoma

A

Stage 1 thymoma (no spread beyond thymic capsule) had a GOOD PROGNOSIS post surgical excision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lymphocytes enter LN via ___

A

High Endothelial Venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cylothorax pathogenesis

A

Usually caused by perforation/ erosion of thoracic duct (often by tumour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biochemistry of Cylothorax

A

Normally have lymphopenia as the lymphocyte recirculation pathay is disrupted and all the lymphocytes leak out of the thoracic duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common Thymoma paraneoplastic signs

A

Myasthesia gravis/ hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two main Ddx for lymphadenopathy

A

Infection (normal) or neoplasm
Distinguish using biochemistry. Lymphopenia = viral
Easinophillia = parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Histopathological findings from FNAB of normal reactive LN

A

Normal architecture with increased cellularity. Secondary follicles with germinal centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Histopathological findings from FNAB of Lymphadenitis

A

Active infection within LN itself. Similar to reactive LN except areas of progranulomatous inflammation also present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subdivision of Lymphadenitis

A

Suppurative, Caseous or Granulomatous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Histopathological findings from FNAB of Primary neoplasia (lymphoma)

A

Usually complete lack of normal architecture. Large numbers of abnormal lymphocytes present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Lymphadenitis

A

Active infection within LN itself. Subdivided into suppuarative, caseous or granulomatous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DDx of Nodular splenomegaly

A 
Nodular hyperplasia (incidental)
Abscess/ cyst
Primary neoplasia (haemangiosarcoma)
Metastaic disease (MCT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causative agent of Suppurative lymphadenitis

A

Streptococcus equi = stranges

areas of necrosis/ progranulomatous inflammation on histopath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causative agent of Caseous lymphadenitis

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (sheep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causative agent of Granulomatous lymphadenitis

A

Mycobacterial infection. TB or Johnes disease (M. paratub)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ddx of Diffuse splenomegaly

A
  • Venous congestion
  • Lymphoid hyperplasia (IM disease)
  • Amyloidosis
  • Neoplasia (lymphoma/ multiple myeloma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 TYPES of tumour Ddx for nodular hyperplasia of the spleen

A

Primary neoplasia: Lymphoma
Haemangioma, Haemangiosarcoma/
Metastatic disease: MCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anthrax clinical signs

A

Cows/Sheep: Sudden death with blood coming out of mouth/bum
Horses/Pigs = more protracted illness.

DON’T PM, Blood sample and microscope. Inform AHVLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Classical Swine Fever

A

NOTIFIABLE. Pyrexia, Diarrhoea, Petechial haemorrages, neurological signs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Overview of splenectomy

A

Spleen is always on the LHS.
Work from tail of spleen tying off vessels on concave surface. Care to tie off after pancreatic branch and care of gastric vessel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is the main artery that needs to be ligated when doing a splenectomy

A

Half way down the spleen. Also need to bunch tie off short gastric vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Blood tranfusion is indicated when PCV is below ____%

A

25% but less than 35% is IV crystalloid fluids

28
Q

How would you undertake partial splenectomy?

A

Ligate hilar vessels form a line of demarcation. Forceps two rows of continuous overlapping mattress sutures.
Close cut end with continuous staplers.

29
Q

Perioperative considerations of DIC

A

Increased risk of DIC (check blood type, PCV and clotting times)
Increased risk of cardiac arrthymias

30
Q

What neoplasm produces a diffuse splenomegaly?

A

MCT mets in cats produce diffuse splenomegaly

31
Q

Complications of splenectectomy

A

Haemorrage (technical faikure or DIC), cardiac arrthymias, gastritis, pancreatitis, increased risk of infection

32
Q

Median canine haemangiosarcoma survival time post surgery

A

3-12 weeks (only palliative)
If presenting with haemoabdomen may have shorter survival time.
Post op chemotherapy can increase to 6 mnt

33
Q

Treatment of splenic torsion

A

Diagnose: Ultrasound most useful.
SPLENECTOMY POST STABILISATION.
Do not untwist pedicle prior to removing spleen. Bunch ligate post Carmalt forceps then divide pedicles once spleen has been removed.

34
Q

Branches of the splenic artery

A

The splenic artery arises from the celiac artery.
The splenic artery provides branches to 1. left limb of the pancreas 2. greater curvature of the stomach 3. fundus of the stomach.

35
Q

PT and APTT stand for

A

Partial thromboplastin time and Activated partial thromboplastin time are coagulation tests. Should be performed to check for DIC.

36
Q

Signalment of Canine Lymphoma

A

Middle aged to older dogs but can be <1 year old.

37
Q

Signalement of Feline Lymphoma

A

Medial age of onset shifted from 4-6 years to 9-11 years RELATED TO FeLV vaccination (decreased cases)

38
Q

Aetiology of Feline Lymphoma

A

FelV positive status increases risk.
FIV positive status increases risk.
Genetic: Young Siamese
Spontaneous

39
Q

How do the predilection sites vary in dogs and cats?

A

Dogs: normally multicentric (i.e. all LN affected)
Cats: 50% gastrointestinal and normally extranodal lymphoma

40
Q

Why would a canine lymphoma present as PU/PD

A

Due to PTH-rp causing hypercalcemia (requires immediate treatment)
Can also present with malaise, weight loss, anorexia, pyrexia.

41
Q

Hodgkin’s like lymphoma presentation

A

Single LN / Regional LN enlargement is MORE COMMON in CATS than multiple lymphoma.

42
Q

What is an additional differential for feline lymphoma

A

Benign hyperplastic lymph syndrome (only cats)

Also same Ddx as for dog lymphoma (DIC, IM, Other tumour mets, generalised skin disease)

43
Q

Which species are more likely to be systemically unwell with with lymphoma>

A

Cats are more likely to be systemically unwell with lymphoma (than dogs)
Probably because 50% is gastrointestinal lymphoma rather than the canine multiceentric LN

44
Q

Clinical signs for mediastinal lymphoma

A

Dyspnoea, Dysphagia, Coughing, Tachypnoea, Regurig, Decreased ventral lungsounds

45
Q

Ddx for mediastinal lymphoma

A 
Thymoma (older dogs) 
Thymic lymphoma (cats)
46
Q

Cats with renal lymphoma often develop lymphoma where-else?

A

50% renal lymphoma develop CNS lymphoma

47
Q

Majority of Nasal/ Nasopharangeal lymphoma are what type?

A

75% are B cell lymphoma. (B cell better prognosis than T cell)

48
Q

Negative prognostic indicators for lymphoma

A 
T cell tumour.
Clinical substage b
Hypercalcaemia
Bone marrow involvement
Gastro-intestinal lymphoma (BUT colo-rectal is GOOD)
49
Q

Management of hypercalcemia

A

Prompt diagnosis. Saline diuresis (6ml/hr), once rehydrated introduce furosemide to promote calciuresis.
Some medicines lower calcium: Calcitonin, bisphosphonates

50
Q

2 types of leukaemia

A

Lymphoid: NK cells, Small lymphocytes then T cell or B cell
Myeloid: Erythrocytes/ Basophils/ Neutrophils

51
Q

What is aleukaemic leukaemia

A

Neoplastic cells are proliferating in the marrow causing cytopenias but do not spill over into the circulation.

52
Q

Difference in histology between acute and chronic leukemia. How does this affect the prognosis.

A

Acute leukemia: The neoplastic cells are larger (poorly differentiated) so have a high capacity for rapid cell division. poor prog
Chronic leukemia: Neoplastic cells are more similar to size they are replacing. Well differentiated. Better prog.

53
Q

Myeloma clinical signs

A

Plasma cell tumour of the bone marrow in older animals.

Clinical signs: pyrexia (immune suppression due to neutrophilla) signs of hyperviscocity, hepatospenomegaly,

54
Q

Why can you get neurological signs with myeloma?

A

Hyperviscocity due to monoclonal gammopathy or mets in CNS

55
Q

Haematology and Biochemistry of Myeloma

A

Mild non regen anameia.

Hyperglobulinaemia/ Hypercalcemia/ CYTOPENIAS

56
Q

Significance of Bence-Jones proteinuria

A

Immunoglobulin light chains in urine

57
Q

Treatment of Polycytheraemia

A

Prolif of the erythroid cell series in the marrow with diff to rbc.
Bright red MM, neurolog signs due to hypervisc
High PCV
TREATMENT: Phlebotomies and replacement with colloids

58
Q

What type of cancer is a tumour on a dogs tonsil

A

Sq. cell carcinoma. Resection and radiation therapy.

59
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

A

Immune-mediated disease.
50% of cats affected. Virus initially replicates in enterocytes.
Its ability to mutate and replicate within macrophages determines whether it will cause FIP.

60
Q

Clinical signs of FIP

A

IM-disease. Mutation of FCoV.
Varied clinical signs dependent on:
- Granulomatous lesions in target organs (inc CNS, Parenchymous organs)
- Vasculitis causing effusions

61
Q

Is there a vaccination for FIP?

A

Yes but most cats infected at birth (50% of household cats are antibody positive for coronavirus) therefore POINTLESS (Is only US, Intranasal)

62
Q

Which virus causes a CD4+CD8+ inversion?

A

Feline immunodeficiency virus. FIGHTING / BITE WOUNDS
Inital infection = decrease CD4CD8, then cat mounts immune response causing an increase in CD8+ levels. This leads to an INVERSION of the CD4+CD8+ pre-infected levels.

63
Q

Most susceptible age group for a) FeLV b) FIV

A

a) FeLV: Mutual grooming- KITTENS
b) FIV: Fighting - ADULTS

FIP: Normally under 2

64
Q

How do the target cells differ for FIP and FIV

A

FIP: A coronavirus than initially replicates in enterocytes then mutates to target macrophages.

FIV: A lentivirus that targets T-lymphocytes

65
Q

Which FeLV subtype causes most severe disese?

A

FeLV is a retrovirus.
Primary infection normally with FeLV-A.
FeLV-C causes a severe anaemia

VetMed Year 4- Term 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions