Third 50 A Flashcards
Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles.
- Omohyoid (scapula to hyoid).
- Sternohyoid (sternum to hyoid).
- Sternothyroid (sternum to thyroid).
- Thyrohyoid (thyroid to hyoid).
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
They control the shape of the rima glottidis, and the length and tension of the vocal folds.
What intrinsic laryngeal muscle is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Cricothyroid
What is the function of the cricothyroid muscles?
Stretches and tenses the vocal cords. Important for the creation of speech.
What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscles?
Relaxes the vocal ligament, allowing for a softer voice.
What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?
Abduction of the vocal cords; the only muscles capable of widening the rima glottidis.
What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles?
Adduction of the vocal folds; narrow the rima glottidis.
What is the function of the transverse arytenoids muscles?
Adduction of the arytenoid cartilages, narrows the laryngeal inlet.
What nerve passes through the parotid gland?
The facial nerve - Cn 7.
Where does the pharynx extend from and to?
The base of the skull to the cricoid cartilage (C6).
What is the function of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
They contract sequentially to propel food into the oesophagus.
What is the origin of the superior constrictor?
Pterigoid plate and pterygomandibular raphe.
What is the origin of the middle constrictor?
Hyoid bone
Origin of the inferior constrictor?
Thyroid and cricoid cartilages
What is the function of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles?
They shorten and widen the pharynx. They also elevate the pharynx during swallowing.
What is the origin of the stylopharyngeus and what is its innervation?
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone.
Innervation: Glossopharyngeal, Cn 9.
Where is the carotid sinus located?
At the bifurcation of the common carotid artery.
Give 4 functions of the nasal cavity.
- Warms and humidifies air.
- Olfaction.
- Removes and traps pathogens.
- Drains and clears para-nasal sinuses.
What is the function of the nasal conchae?
They increase the SA of the nose and they disrupt the fast flow of air. This means the air spends more time in the nasal cavity so it can be humidified.
What opens into the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct.
What opens into the middle meatus?
The frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoid sinuses open at the hiatus semilunaris. The middle ethmoid sinus opens onto the ethmoidal bulla.
What opens into the superior meatus?
The posterior ethmoid sinus.
Where does the sphenoid sinuses open into the nasal cavity?
At the spheno-ethmoidal recess.
What nerve supplies general sensation to the nose?
Branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Tracheal bifurcation at what vertebral level?
T4
What is the function of the thoracic duct?
It drains all the lymph from the lower half of the body and bowel back into the blood stream.
Where does the thoracic duct drain into?
The confluence between the left jugular vein and left subclavian vein.
Which artery provides the main blood supply to the left ventricle?
LAD
Which vessel is most likely to become occluded without producing any symptoms?
Right marginal artery
