Fifth 50 A Flashcards
What vertebral levels does the stomach lie between?
T7 to L3.
What are the folds of the internal stomach surface called?
Rugae.
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
Controls the exit of chyme from the stomach.
What vertebral level is the coeliac trunk found?
T12.
Where does the foregut begin and end?
The mouth to the 2nd part of the duodenum (major duodenal papilla).
What is the blood supply to the greater curvature of the stomach?
The short gastrics, and the right and left gastro-epiploic arteries.
What is the blood supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
The left and right gastric arteries.
What is the right gastric artery a branch of?
The proper hepatic artery which arises from the common hepatic artery from the coeliac trunk.
What is the right gastro-epiploic artery a branch of?
It is the terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery, this arises from the common hepatic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk.
What is the left gastro-epiploic artery a branch of?
The splenic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk.
Is contraction of the stomach sphincters a sympathetic or parasympathetic action?
Sympathetic. (Parasympathetic = rest and digest).
What structures lie anterior to the stomach?
The anterior abdominal wall and the left lobe of the liver.
What are the folds of mucosa inside the small intestine called?
Plicae circulares.
What are Peyer’s patches?
Large, sub-mucosal, lymph nodules.
Where in the small intestine would you find Peyer’s patches?
Ileum.
The first part of the duodenum is prone to peptic ulceration. What artery can this affect?
The gastro-duodenal artery. This artery lies in direct contact with the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum.
Describe 5 characteristics of the Jejunum.
- Thick intestinal walls.
- Longer vasa recta.
- Less arterial arcades.
- Pronounced plicae circulares.
- Red in colour.
Describe 5 characteristics of the Ileum.
- Thin intestinal walls.
- Shorter vasa recta.
- More arterial arcades.
- Peyer’s patches.
- Pink in colour.
What is Meckel’s diverticulum an embryonic remnant of?
The attachment of the mid-gut to the yolk sac.
Where does the mid-gut begin and end?
3rd part of duodenum to 2/3 along the transverse colon.
What is the first branch of the SMA?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery?
Into which vein does blood from the jejunum and ileum drain and what is the final destination of the blood?
Drains into the superior mesenteric vein.
This vein combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein which then goes on to the liver.
Which foodstuffs are absorbed through the lymphatic system?
Fats
What is the innervation of the small intestine?
Sympathetic: Lesser splanchnic (T10-11). Parasympathetic: Vagus. No somatic innervation.
Name 4 mechanisms that ensure a high surface area for absorption of nutrients in the intestine.
- Pliae circularis.
- Coiled length.
- Villi.
- Microvilli.
State whether the caecum is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage
- Intraperitoneal.
- Ileocolic artery.
- Ileocolic vein; drains into superior mesenteric vein.
State whether the ascending colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.
- Retroperitoneal.
- Ileocolic and right colic arteries.
- Ileocolic and right colic veins.
State whether the transverse colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.
- Intraperitoneal.
- Middle colic artery.
- Superior mesenteric vein.
State whether the descending colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.
- Retroperitoneal.
- Left colic and superior sigmoid arteries.
- Inferior mesenteric vein.
State whether the sigmoid colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.
- Intraperitoneal.
- Sigmoid arteries.
- Inferior mesenteric vein.
What vertebral level is the inferior mesenteric artery found at?
L3.
