Fifth 50 A

Question 1

What vertebral levels does the stomach lie between?

Answer 1

T7 to L3.

Question 2

What are the folds of the internal stomach surface called?

Answer 2

Rugae.

Question 3

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 3

Controls the exit of chyme from the stomach.

Question 4

What vertebral level is the coeliac trunk found?

Answer 4

T12.

Question 5

Where does the foregut begin and end?

Answer 5

The mouth to the 2nd part of the duodenum (major duodenal papilla).

Question 6

What is the blood supply to the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 6

The short gastrics, and the right and left gastro-epiploic arteries.

Question 7

What is the blood supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 7

The left and right gastric arteries.

Question 8

What is the right gastric artery a branch of?

Answer 8

The proper hepatic artery which arises from the common hepatic artery from the coeliac trunk.

Question 9

What is the right gastro-epiploic artery a branch of?

Answer 9

It is the terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery, this arises from the common hepatic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk.

Question 10

What is the left gastro-epiploic artery a branch of?

Answer 10

The splenic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk.

Question 11

Is contraction of the stomach sphincters a sympathetic or parasympathetic action?

Answer 11

Sympathetic. (Parasympathetic = rest and digest).

Question 12

What structures lie anterior to the stomach?

Answer 12

The anterior abdominal wall and the left lobe of the liver.

Question 13

What are the folds of mucosa inside the small intestine called?

Answer 13

Plicae circulares.

Question 14

What are Peyer’s patches?

Answer 14

Large, sub-mucosal, lymph nodules.

Question 15

Where in the small intestine would you find Peyer’s patches?

Answer 15

Ileum.

Question 16

The first part of the duodenum is prone to peptic ulceration. What artery can this affect?

Answer 16

The gastro-duodenal artery. This artery lies in direct contact with the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum.

Question 17

Describe 5 characteristics of the Jejunum.

Answer 17

1. Thick intestinal walls.
2. Longer vasa recta.
3. Less arterial arcades.
4. Pronounced plicae circulares.
5. Red in colour.

Question 18

Describe 5 characteristics of the Ileum.

Answer 18

1. Thin intestinal walls.
2. Shorter vasa recta.
3. More arterial arcades.
4. Peyer’s patches.
5. Pink in colour.

Question 19

What is Meckel’s diverticulum an embryonic remnant of?

Answer 19

The attachment of the mid-gut to the yolk sac.

Question 20

Where does the mid-gut begin and end?

Answer 20

3rd part of duodenum to 2/3 along the transverse colon.

Question 21

What is the first branch of the SMA?

Answer 21

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

Question 22

Into which vein does blood from the jejunum and ileum drain and what is the final destination of the blood?

Answer 22

Drains into the superior mesenteric vein.

This vein combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein which then goes on to the liver.

Question 23

Which foodstuffs are absorbed through the lymphatic system?

Answer 23

Fats

Question 24

What is the innervation of the small intestine?

Answer 24

Sympathetic: Lesser splanchnic (T10-11). Parasympathetic: Vagus. No somatic innervation.

Question 25

Name 4 mechanisms that ensure a high surface area for absorption of nutrients in the intestine.

Answer 25

1. Pliae circularis. 2. Coiled length. 3. Villi. 4. Microvilli.

Question 26

State whether the caecum is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage

Answer 26

- Intraperitoneal. - Ileocolic artery. - Ileocolic vein; drains into superior mesenteric vein.

Question 27

State whether the ascending colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

Answer 27

- Retroperitoneal. - Ileocolic and right colic arteries. - Ileocolic and right colic veins.

Question 28

State whether the transverse colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

Answer 28

- Intraperitoneal. - Middle colic artery. - Superior mesenteric vein.

Question 29

State whether the descending colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

Answer 29

- Retroperitoneal. - Left colic and superior sigmoid arteries. - Inferior mesenteric vein.

Question 30

State whether the sigmoid colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

Answer 30

- Intraperitoneal. - Sigmoid arteries. - Inferior mesenteric vein.

Question 31

What vertebral level is the inferior mesenteric artery found at?

Answer 31

L3.