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Problems > Fifth 50 A > Flashcards

Fifth 50 A Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral levels does the stomach lie between?

A

T7 to L3.

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2
Q

What are the folds of the internal stomach surface called?

A

Rugae.

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3
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

Controls the exit of chyme from the stomach.

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4
Q

What vertebral level is the coeliac trunk found?

A

T12.

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5
Q

Where does the foregut begin and end?

A

The mouth to the 2nd part of the duodenum (major duodenal papilla).

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6
Q

What is the blood supply to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

The short gastrics, and the right and left gastro-epiploic arteries.

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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

The left and right gastric arteries.

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8
Q

What is the right gastric artery a branch of?

A

The proper hepatic artery which arises from the common hepatic artery from the coeliac trunk.

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9
Q

What is the right gastro-epiploic artery a branch of?

A

It is the terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery, this arises from the common hepatic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk.

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10
Q

What is the left gastro-epiploic artery a branch of?

A

The splenic artery which arises from the coeliac trunk.

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11
Q

Is contraction of the stomach sphincters a sympathetic or parasympathetic action?

A

Sympathetic. (Parasympathetic = rest and digest).

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12
Q

What structures lie anterior to the stomach?

A

The anterior abdominal wall and the left lobe of the liver.

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13
Q

What are the folds of mucosa inside the small intestine called?

A

Plicae circulares.

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14
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

Large, sub-mucosal, lymph nodules.

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15
Q

Where in the small intestine would you find Peyer’s patches?

A

Ileum.

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16
Q

The first part of the duodenum is prone to peptic ulceration. What artery can this affect?

A

The gastro-duodenal artery. This artery lies in direct contact with the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum.

17
Q

Describe 5 characteristics of the Jejunum.

A
  1. Thick intestinal walls.
  2. Longer vasa recta.
  3. Less arterial arcades.
  4. Pronounced plicae circulares.
  5. Red in colour.
18
Q

Describe 5 characteristics of the Ileum.

A
  1. Thin intestinal walls.
  2. Shorter vasa recta.
  3. More arterial arcades.
  4. Peyer’s patches.
  5. Pink in colour.
19
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum an embryonic remnant of?

A

The attachment of the mid-gut to the yolk sac.

20
Q

Where does the mid-gut begin and end?

A

3rd part of duodenum to 2/3 along the transverse colon.

21
Q

What is the first branch of the SMA?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

22
Q

Into which vein does blood from the jejunum and ileum drain and what is the final destination of the blood?

A

Drains into the superior mesenteric vein.

This vein combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein which then goes on to the liver.

23
Q

Which foodstuffs are absorbed through the lymphatic system?

A

Fats

24
Q

What is the innervation of the small intestine?

A

Sympathetic: Lesser splanchnic (T10-11). Parasympathetic: Vagus. No somatic innervation.

25
Q

Name 4 mechanisms that ensure a high surface area for absorption of nutrients in the intestine.

A
  1. Pliae circularis.
  2. Coiled length.
  3. Villi.
  4. Microvilli.
26
Q

State whether the caecum is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage

A
  • Intraperitoneal.
  • Ileocolic artery.
  • Ileocolic vein; drains into superior mesenteric vein.
27
Q

State whether the ascending colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

A
  • Retroperitoneal.
  • Ileocolic and right colic arteries.
  • Ileocolic and right colic veins.
28
Q

State whether the transverse colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

A
  • Intraperitoneal.
  • Middle colic artery.
  • Superior mesenteric vein.
29
Q

State whether the descending colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

A
  • Retroperitoneal.
  • Left colic and superior sigmoid arteries.
  • Inferior mesenteric vein.
30
Q

State whether the sigmoid colon is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal and describe the blood supply and venous drainage.

A
  • Intraperitoneal.
  • Sigmoid arteries.
  • Inferior mesenteric vein.
31
Q

What vertebral level is the inferior mesenteric artery found at?

A

L3.

Problems (7 decks)

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