Thinking RVS Flashcards
the manipulation of mental representations of information
Thinking
representations in the mind of an object or event
mental images
a mental grouping of similar objects events or people
concept
typical highly represantative examples of a concept
prototype
form of reasoning in which people draw a conclusion from a set of assumptions
Syllogistic reasoning
rule that if applied appropriately guarantees a solution to a problem
algorithm
thinking strategy that may lead us to a solution to a problem or decision but unlike algorithm s may sometimes lead to errors
Heuristic
involves repeated test for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exist
means ends analysis
a sudden awareness of the relationship among various elements that previously appear to be independent of 1 another
insight
the tendency to think of an object only in terms of the typical use
functional fixedness
the tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist
Mental set
the tendency to seek out and way more heavily information that supports ones initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypothesis or solutions
Confirmation bias
the ability to generate original ideas or soft problems in novel ways
creativity
the ability to generate unusual yet none the less appropriate responses to problems or questions
divergent thinking
your ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic
convergent thinking
the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules
language
a system of rules the determine how are thoughts can be expressed
grammar
the study of the smallest units of speech called phonemes
phonology
the smallest unit the speech
Phonemes
ways in which words and phrases can be combined to form sentences
syntax
the rules governing the meaning of words in sentences
semantics
meaningless speech like sound made by children from around the age of 3 months through 1 year
Babble
sentences in which words not critical to the message are left out
Telegraphic speech
phenomena by which children apply language rules even when the application result in an error
Overgeneralization
approach to language development theory that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and condition
learning theory
to language development theory that a genetically determined innate mechanism directs language development
nativist approach
Noam Chomsky’s theory that all the world languages share a common underlying structure
Universal grammar
a system of the brain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky to permit understanding of language
Language acquisition device
to language development view that language development is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispositions environmental circumstances that help teach language
internationalist approach
notion that language shapes and they determine the way people at a particular culture perceive and understand the world
linguistic relativity hypothesis
