Thinking

Question 1

Thinking

Answer 1

the manipulation of mental representations of information

Question 2

mental images

Answer 2

representations in the mind of an object or event

Question 3

concept

Answer 3

a mental grouping of similar objects events or people

Question 4

prototype

Answer 4

typical highly represantative examples of a concept

Question 5

Syllogistic reasoning

Answer 5

form of reasoning in which people draw a conclusion from a set of assumptions

Question 6

algorithm

Answer 6

rule that if applied appropriately guarantees a solution to a problem

Question 7

Heuristic

Answer 7

thinking strategy that may lead us to a solution to a problem or decision but unlike algorithm s may sometimes lead to errors

Question 8

means ends analysis

Answer 8

involves repeated test for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exist

Question 9

insight

Answer 9

a sudden awareness of the relationship among various elements that previously appear to be independent of 1 another

Question 10

functional fixedness

Answer 10

the tendency to think of an object only in terms of the typical use

Question 11

Mental set

Answer 11

the tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist

Question 12

Confirmation bias

Answer 12

the tendency to seek out and way more heavily information that supports ones initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypothesis or solutions

Question 13

creativity

Answer 13

the ability to generate original ideas or soft problems in novel ways

Question 14

divergent thinking

Answer 14

the ability to generate unusual get none the less appropriate responses to problems or questions

Question 15

convergent thinking

Answer 15

your ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic

Question 16

language

Answer 16

the communication of information to symbols arranged according 2 systematic rules

Question 17

grammar

Answer 17

a system of rules the determine how are thoughts can be expressed

Question 18

phonology

Answer 18

the study of the smallest units of speech called phonemes

Question 19

Phonemes

Answer 19

the smallest unit the speech

Question 20

syntax

Answer 20

ways in which words and phrases can be combined to form sentences enter

Question 21

semantics

Answer 21

the rules governing the meaning of words in sentences

Question 22

Babble

Answer 22

meaningless speech like sound made by children from around the age of 3 months through 1 year

Question 23

Telegraphic speech

Answer 23

sentences in which words not critical to the message are left out

Question 24

Overgeneralization

Answer 24

phenomena by which children apply language rules even when the application result in an error

Question 25

learning theory

Answer 25

approach to language development theory that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and condition

Question 26

nativist approach

Answer 26

to language development theory that a genetically determined innate mechanism direct language development

Question 27

Universal grammar

Answer 27

Noam Chomsky’s theory that all the world languages share a common underlying structure

Question 28

Language acquisition device

Answer 28

a system of the brain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky to permit understanding of language

Question 29

internationalist approach

Answer 29

to language development view that language development is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispositions environmental circumstances that help teach language

Question 30

linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 30

notion that language shapes and they determine the way people at a particular culture perceive and understand the world